核心——边缘型人力资源管理与组织适应性绩效——人力资源柔性能力互动关系的多重中介作用

借鉴"结构—行为—绩效"经典范式,构建"核心—边缘型人力资源管理→人力资源柔性能力互动关系→组织适应性绩效"研究模型。根据522份调查问卷数据分析,得出以下研究结论:核心—边缘型HRM正向影响组织适应性绩效,人力资源柔性能力互动关系在核心—边缘型人力资源管理与适应性绩效之间扮演多重中介作用。由此得出启示:企业构建核心—边缘型柔性化人力资源管理模式,重视人力资源柔性能力的培育。     

论学习型组织柔性人力资源管理模式

与传统人力资源管理模式相比,现代人力资源管理对组织中人力资源管理提出了新的要求,柔性管理日益受到管理者的青睐。本文围绕柔性管理的一般理论及其在人力资源管理中的应用展开,探讨了在学习型组织中柔性人力资源管理模式。     

组织学习、战略柔性对企业绩效影响的实证研究

通过对组织学习能力、战略柔性及企业绩效的相关文献的系统梳理,探索性地提出了一个体现组织学习能力、战略柔性以及企业绩效之间关系的结构模型,采用多行业的样本数据,运用SPSS和结构方程模型,通过样本分析,检验了组织学习能力对不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)的影响,以及资源柔性和能力柔性分别对于企业绩效的影响;通过假说验证分析,辅助各变量R2值的分析,企业绩效的53.6%被战略柔性的影响作用所解释,又由于资源柔性对企业绩效的影响作用不显著,所以被解释的企业绩效很大程度上源于能力柔性的影响.研究表明确实存在组织学习能力对战略柔性的影响作用,以及不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)对企业绩效影响的差异,从而为企业提高经营绩效提供理论基础和有效途径.     

浅谈知识经济时代下的企业人力资源柔性管理

人力资源管理的柔性化是整个企业柔性管理成功实施的关键,柔性化的人力资源管理可以使企业与员工建立合作伙伴关系,增强企业适应外部动态竞争环境的能力.本文从员工和组织两方面分析了企业实施人力资源柔性化管理的途径.     

垄断性企业柔性再造的动因、举措和阻碍研究——以江苏盐业集团的组织变革为例

大多数关于组织柔性的研究关注处于动荡环境中的企业行为,对处于相对稳定经营环境中的垄断性企业的柔性问题关注不够。本文通过理论的分析归纳推断出垄断性企业常常处于柔性缺失状态,并以江苏盐业集团的组织变革为例分析了垄断性企业进行柔性再造的动因、举措和阻碍因素。研究结果表明(1)垄断性企业柔性再造的动因不仅仅来自于外部环境的变化,组织内部对外部环境变化的感知是更为重要的一个原因。(2)垄断性企业可以通过产品多元化和行业多元化提高外部柔性,还可以通过内部的变革措施来提高内部柔性。(3)垄断性企业柔性再造的阻碍因素主要有技术和人力资源、既得利益以及文化等3个方面。     

战略柔性对企业绩效影响的实证研究

基于对战略柔性和企业绩效问题的研究和分析,提炼出一个体现战略柔性和企业绩效之间关系的结构模型,采用多行业的样本数据,运用SPSS和结构方程模型,实证检验了不同类型的战略柔性(资源柔性和能力柔性)对企业绩效的影响程度,得出能力柔性对企业绩效影响显著,而资源柔性对企业绩效的影响不明显的结论,这一结论为中国企业今后提升经营绩效提供了有效的理论支持。     

基于柔性战略的组织结构变革研究

随着经济一体化程度加深和企业竞争的加剧,企业迫切需要对组织结构进行变革以适应环境的变化。组织的职能机构、人力资源必须根据不同的情况处在动态变化之中。柔性战略要求企业根据自身的资源能力,面对环境的变化和任务的不同,快速有效地进行组织变革,克服组织的刚性,以适应外部环境的变化,实现组织的目标。     

构建高层管理团队社会网络的人力资源实践、战略柔性与企业绩效——环境不确定性的调节作用

本文首次将战略柔性作为一种典型的动态能力运用到战略人力资源管理的研究领域中,探索了其在构建高层管理团队(TMT)社会网络的人力资源实践与企业绩效关系中所扮演的中介作用,并且基于我国经济转型这一现实背景,采用环境不确定性作为该中介环节的调节变量予以进一步阐释.我们对上述问题进行了实证检验,通过对北京、天津、上海、江苏和浙江等地区390家企业的780名高管进行问卷调查,最终获得241个有效样本,研究发现:(1)构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效具有正向影响,并且战略柔性在其中发挥了完全中介的作用;(2)环境不确定性在构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践与战略柔性的关系中具有调节作用,但在战略柔性与企业绩效的关系中不具有调节作用.本文的研究结论表明,考虑战略柔性和环境不确定性这两个重要因素可以更好地解释构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效的影响机制,这为战略人力资源管理在动态环境中的发展和应用提供了重要启示.     

浅论医院实施人力资源柔性管理

人力资源柔性管理是时代发展的趋势,医院作为知识型人才密集的地方,对人力资源实行柔性管理是医院长远发展的要求.本文在阐述人力资源柔性管理的理论和意义的基础上,着重对医院如何实施人力资源柔性管理提出建议.     

浅谈企业人力资源管理中的柔性管理模式

人力资源柔性管理,从本质上说是一种以人为本的管理,是在研究人们心理和行为规律的基础上,采用非强制性方式,在人们心目中产生一种内在的说服力,从而把组织意愿变为人们自觉的行为。     

Flexible home care scheduling

Home care services are in high demand given how they are steadily becoming the primary source of care for the elderly. Powerful decision support tools are indispensable for effectively managing available staff in the context of ever-increasing demand for care and limited caregiver availability. This paper advances home care literature by introducing flexible task durations, thereby enabling tasks to be completed faster and ultimately more care to be scheduled. This new concept, which originates from practice, introduces an additional decision to be made when creating a schedule, thereby greatly increasing the scheduling complexity. Consequently, this paper introduces a new optimization-based decision support model which allows for scheduling with flexible task duration, as well as other types of flexibility. A computational study quantifies the impact of: (i) scheduling with a finer task granularity thereby enabling accurate prioritization of high and low priority care, (ii) flexibility in task duration enabling tasks to be completed faster and more care to be scheduled, and (iii) increasing the number of different locations visited by a caregiver thereby enabling a trade-off between the number of serviced clients and caregiver workload. A new publicly available real-world data set is used, obtained directly from home care organizations operating in Flanders. Analysis of the computational results demonstrates that significant improvements in operational efficiency may be realized with minimal effort required by organizations. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm’s performance is confirmed by comparison against the bounds obtained by solving an integer programming formulation of the problem. Finally, a management policy scheme is proposed which, when gradually implemented in a home care organization, results in a more efficient and therefore cost-effective deployment of its workforce.     

柔性流程建模研究

流程建模的柔性是企业变化管理的重要因素,它不仅依赖于建模者的敏捷性,而且对建模工具和方法的柔性提出了要求.首先分析了柔性流程建模的含义和特点,然后讨论了在流程优化背景下流程的相对稳定和易变的性质,运用组件等技术分析了柔性建模体系的有关问题,提出了流程柔性建模的框架.     

基于角色的柔性流程建模

在分析基于活动的流程模型基础上,讨论了基于角色的流程建模方法.首先基于资源依赖的业务目标分解预制角色类,以简化角色的确定过程.在此基础上,提出了层次化的流程建模框架,此框架将流程建模分解为分析、服务分解、装配和部署等步骤,通过角色的选择、配置和组合实现一定的流程建模柔性.     

Design Principles for Flexible Systems

A fundamental aspect of designing systems with dedicated servers is identifying and improving the system bottlenecks. We extend the concept of a bottleneck to networks with heterogeneous, flexible servers. In contrast with a network with dedicated servers, the bottlenecks are not a priori obvious, but can be determined by solving a number of linear programming problems. Unlike the dedicated server case, we find that a bottleneck may span several nodes in the network. We then identify some characteristics of desirable flexibility structures. In particular, the chosen flexibility structure should not only achieve the maximal possible capacity (corresponding to full server flexibility), but should also have the feature that the entire network is the (unique) system bottleneck. The reason is that it is then possible to shift capacity between arbitrary nodes in the network, allowing the network to cope with demand fluctuations. Finally, we specify when certain flexibility structures (in particular chaining, targeted flexibility, and the “N” and “W” structures from the call center literature) possess these desirable characteristics.     

Flexible Servers in Understaffed Tandem Lines

We study the dynamic assignment of cross‐trained servers to stations in understaffed lines with finite buffers. Our objective is to maximize the production rate. We identify optimal server assignment policies for systems with three stations, two servers, different flexibility structures, and either deterministic service times and arbitrary buffers or exponential service times and small buffers. We use these policies to develop server assignment heuristics for Markovian systems with larger buffer sizes that appear to yield near‐optimal throughput. In the deterministic setting, we prove that the best possible production rate with full server flexibility and infinite buffers can be attained with partial flexibility and zero buffers, and we identify the critical skills required to achieve this goal. We then present numerical results showing that these critical skills, employed with an effective server assignment policy, also yield near‐optimal throughput in the Markovian setting, even for small buffer sizes. Thus, our results suggest that partial flexibility is sufficient for near‐optimal performance, and that flexibility structures that are effective for deterministic and infinite‐buffered systems are also likely to perform well for finite‐buffered stochastic systems.     

柔性制造系统中的结构柔性

根据柔性制造系统中生产线的结构特性,本文在考虑机器具有不同生产能力的情形下,提出了生产线结构柔性定义以及测度方法.在此基础上,本文提出了处理柔性能力扩充问题的近似规则.仿真结果表明了本文提出的结构柔性的定义以及近似规则的合理性,并对处理柔性扩充能力问题提供了有效的指导,具有理论意义以及实践价值.     

Dynamic Assignment of Flexible Service Resources

Resource flexibility is an important tool for firms to better match capacity with demand so as to increase revenues and improve service levels. However, in service contexts that require dynamically deciding whether to accept incoming jobs and what resource to assign to each accepted job, harnessing the benefits of flexibility requires using effective methods for making these operational decisions. Motivated by the resource deployment decisions facing a professional service firm in the workplace training industry, we address the dynamic job acceptance and resource assignment problem for systems with general resource flexibility structure, i.e., with multiple resource types that can each perform different overlapping subsets of job types. We first show that, for systems containing specialized resources for individual job types and a versatile resource type that can perform all job types, the exact policy uses a threshold rule. With more general flexibility structures, since the associated stochastic dynamic program is intractable, we develop and test three optimization‐based approximate policies. Our extensive computational tests show that one of the methods, which we call the Bottleneck Capacity Reservation policy, is remarkably effective in generating near‐optimal solutions over a wide range of problem scenarios. We also consider a model variant that requires dynamic job acceptance decisions but permits deferring resource assignment decisions until the end of the horizon. For this model, we discuss an adaptation of our approximate policy, establish the effectiveness of this policy, and assess the value of postponing assignment decisions.     

Tardiness heuristic for scheduling Flexible Manufacturing Systems

Abstract

This paper evaluates the tardiness performance of a sampling-based adaptive heuristic in a dynamic manufacturing environment. A test bed, following a real world manufacturing system, has been developed. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in this simulated environment. After fine tuning the algorithm, it has been tested in various shop conditions. The results of these simulation studies are summarized.     

Capital Budgeting for Volume Flexible Equipment*

Recent advances in technology have created opportunities for firms to invest in expensive automated equipment designed to improve volume flexibility. Such investments are made on the basis that flexibility benefits the firm by increasing managerial control over output, reducing the risk of demand uncertainty, and improving productivity. The presumption is that these benefits will eventually translate to higher cash flows, appreciation in the firm's market value, and better return to shareholders. Yet, there is no managerially useful analytical framework for measuring this relationship. This study develops a model that uses contingent claims analysis to evaluate the effect of volume flexibility on the firm's value and to determine the optimal degree of automation that maximizes share value. The analysis is done by taking into consideration alternative demand characteristics, cost patterns, and the effectiveness of volume flexibility in increasing managerial control over output, reducing the risk of demand uncertainty, and improving productivity.