Trade liberalization and industry performance in Bangladesh

This paper analyzes trade liberalization's impact on Bangladesh's manufacturing sector performance. Using firm level input and output data and employing a nonparametric data envelopment analysis (DEA), we calculate technical, pure technical and allocative efficiencies for a sample of 82 firms collected over two periods of time: 1993 and 1998. Then, applying a Malmquist index method, we calculate indices of total factor productivity change and decompose them into technological change, technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change. Our results show that the majority of Bangladeshi manufacturing firms experienced a positive total factor productivity growth between 1993 and 1998, averaging 29% over a five-year period. Export-oriented firms have performed better than import-oriented firms in improving their technical efficiency relative to the best-practice firms in their own sub-group. When these results are compared with the official statistics on the output performance of manufacturing firms, we can conclude that trade liberalization in the 1990s did not adversely affect the Bangladeshi manufacturing industry.     

China's energy inefficiency: A cross-country comparison

This paper constructs a total-factor energy technical efficiency index using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) method following the total factor productivity framework. We then compare energy technical efficiency across 156 countries from 1980 to 2007. The results show that China's energy efficiency considerably trails other countries’ although it has made significant gains within the last 28 years. Further analysis indicates that scale inefficiency rather than pure technical efficiency contributes to China's energy inefficiency.     

互联网金融对商业银行盈利的影响研究

运用中国2003－2014年145家商业银行的数据,实证检验了互联网金融发展对商业银行盈利的影响。研究表明,互联网金融发展显著降低了商业银行的盈利能力,且对城市商业银行影响较大,对大型商业银行和农村商业银行影响较小,股份制商业银行因为能够抓住互联网金融机遇,盈利能力反而得到提升;互联网金融发展对商业银行非利息收入占比、盈利多元化水平的提升具有显著的正效应,对股份制商业银行的作用尤为突出。总之,互联网金融的发展虽然给商业银行盈利能力带来了不利影响,但也倒逼其积极调整盈利模式,推动盈利结构向多元化发展。     

后WTO时期外资银行对中资银行影响分析及其路径选择

后WTO时期,我国金融业开放程度不断加深,外资银行正以前所未有的深度融入我国金融体系。外资银行的进入,将从总体上提升我国银行系统效率,但同时也不可避免地带来客户资源、银行业务、服务手段、人力资源等方面的冲击,为此,应通过完善金融体系、提高整体实力、培育新生力量及加强合作等策略增强中资银行抗击外资银行的实力,引导中资银行健康发展。     

The efficiency of government spending on health: Evidence from Europe and Central Asia

This paper uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to evaluate health expenditures to demonstrate how productivity has changed over time for 46 selected countries in Europe and Central Asia. Our results show that countries could have increased output by 1.2% given the existing level of inputs. The patterns of efficiency change for the observed countries are further analyzed using the Malmquist productivity index (MPI). Decreased productivity growth is related to technical change. Finally, we regress efficiency scores on a set of environmental variables using a Tobit model. The positive influence of hospital beds and primary schooling on efficiency scores demonstrates that countries with better medical environments and a greater number of educational years may enjoy increased efficiency. In addition, there exists a regional effect between Europe and Central Asia.     

试论国有商业银行外部组织结构重组

现阶段我国国有商业银行面临严峻的经营形势 ,外部组织机构设置的不合理已成为阻碍国有商业银行发展的重要因素 ,直接导致了国有商业银行缺乏效率与规模经济、无法提供有效的激励、行政干预过多等问题。要不断完善与发展国有商业银行总分行制度 ,必须明确市场定位、对省级分行和地市级分行的管理关系进行重组、以业务流程为主进行结构调整、在组织管理中要实行职责与职权对应的原则。     

加入WTO对我国商业银行的影响分析

随着中国加入WTO和全球经济一体化 ,我国对外资金融机构的限制将极大地放开 ,商业银行正面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战 ,如何全面分析、认识商业银行将经受的冲击和影响 ,转变经营理念 ,抓住机遇 ,积极应对 ,已成为当前亟待研究的问题。为此 ,通过与外资银行经营现状比较 ,分析我国当前商业银行存在的粗放经营、不良资产比重过高、行政化机构设置和人力资源管理机制滞后的弊端 ,以及外资银行将来对中资银行在区域竞争、经营业务、人才资源等方面的影响。面对加入WTO ,我国商业银行必须及时转变经营观念 ,强化内部管理 ,化解不良资产 ,准确市场定位 ,走集约化经营之路。     

Do Painless Environmental Policies Exist?

This paper reports an experimental test of the Porter Hypothesis that environmental regulations create innovation offsets that would not otherwise be undertaken. Using a process analysis framework to consistently account for non-separabilities in production and pollution abatement practices, the findings suggest productivity gains can appear to be greater with environmental regulations than without even though they are not. This result which would seem to support the Porter argument, is the result of inadequacies in the methods used to decompose the influences to productivity change. Thus, the experiments offer one explanation for why it has been difficult in practice to reject the hypothesis.     

中国商业银行的现状分析

国有商业银行是我国金融体系的主体，但由于长期受计划经济的影响，国有商业银行远远不能适应市场经济，特别是金融全球化发展趋势的需要。作者针对我国四大国有商业银行在机构设置、业务经营、管理手段以及金融创新等方面存在的问题，提出收缩管理半径，减员增效；实行本币与外币业务经营及管理一体化；强化商业银行市场营销；提高金融电子化水平，开展和完善网上银行业务；加强国有商业银行内部风险控制等有效对策，完善网上银行的运行机制，加强国有商业银行的竞争力。     

资本体现式技术进步及其对经济增长的贡献率(1981—2007)(英文)

本文将资本分为建筑资本和设备资本两类,利用内生经济增长模型阐释资本体现式技术进步对经济增长的作用,并利用资本质量指数调整设备资本存量,考察资本即期服务效率调整后的资本体现式技术进步对我国经济增长的贡献率,结果显示:设备资本投资中的体现式技术进步年均增长率为4.78%,对经济增长的贡献率为10.6%,占资本贡献的14.8%。技术进步贡献呈阶段性变化,且不同类型技术进步贡献出现分化。相对于20世纪80年代,90年代后资本体现式技术进步贡献呈下降趋势,而中性技术进步贡献呈现先降后升的变化特征,但降幅大、升幅小。     

中国银行业直面世界金融业新发展的探索

金融机构的并购重组和商业银行的混业经营是经济发展的内在规律所决定的 ,是国际金融业发展的必然趋势。加入WTO后 ,中国银行业尤其是四大国有商业银行需要在正确判断世界金融业未来发展趋势的基础上 ,制定相应的发展战略 ,加快银行实践结构创新 ,对国有商业银行进行流程再造 ,以提升竞争力和抗风险能力。     

北京地区商业银行绩效因子分析

国内学术界常有对各个银行总行的绩效分析研究,但对省级分行的研究却不多见。本文使用因子分析方法结合各家银行北京分行的相关数据进行绩效实证分析,分离出各家分行在银行规模因子、银行安全性因子、银行人均效益因子、银行经营效益及安全性因子、盈利性因子诸方面的表现,并按照贡献率加权给出了各家分行的绩效排序。这对科学认识北京地区商业银行绩效会有所帮助。     

我国产业结构变迁中的生产率增长效应分析

分阶段考察产业结构变迁效应对生产率增长的贡献。首先利用传统的份额—转换法对劳动生产率增长进行分解,考察劳动要素转移对生产率增长的贡献;接着引入资本要素对全要素生产率增长进行分解,充分考察资本要素以及劳动要素转移对生产率增长的影响,又进一步考察在Verdoorn效应下产业结构变迁对全要素生产率增长的影响。结论表明劳动转移和资本转移存在明显的阶段特征,劳动转移一直存在＂结构红利＂现象,资本转移效应在近些年才开始出现＂结构红利＂现象;与结构效应相比,产业内部增长效应是生产率增长的主要源泉。     

中国企业技术创新问题探讨

许多中国企业在迎接新经济挑战中陷入"不搞技术创新等死,搞技术创新找死"的怪圈.企业技术创新跳出这个怪圈的路径应从宏观管理角度建立国家创新体系,营造有利于技术创新的法律、法规和政策环境,建立有效的风险投资制度模式;从微观管理角度讲,应从管理方式创新、构建技术创新开发模式两大方面入手,努力塑造企业技术创新的微观体系.     

The pharmaceutical industry of Puerto Rico: Ramifications of global competition

This paper utilizes a non-homogeneous production function to estimate the efficiency of the pharmaceutical industry of Puerto Rico using data from 1980 to 2008. Global competition in recent years has resulted in job loss and plant closures requiring strategies to profitably use the industry's excess capacity. The estimated results indicate operation at decreasing returns to scale mainly due to the decreasing output elasticity of the number of plants; labor productivity, however, is positive and increasing. Shifting production to generic drugs as a challenge to foreign competition is a top policy consideration.     

Efficiency of the Greek banking system in view of the EMU: a heteroscedastic stochastic frontier approach

The paper estimates empirically cost efficiency of the Greek banking system for the period 1993–1998. The beginning of the examination period coincides with the acceleration of liberalization and deregulation of the Greek financial system, in view of the country joining the EMU. The study uses a multi-input, multi-output technology and adopts a heteroscedastic frontier model instead of a commonly used homoscedastic one to measure cost efficiency in the banking system. The empirical results show that larger banks are less efficient than smaller ones. Also, it is found that economic performance, bank loans and investments are positive related to the cost efficiency of the Greek commercial banking sector.     

The effect of incentive regulation on productive efficiency in telecommunications

Incentive regulation is now an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the United States. The issue explored here is whether incentive regulation has resulted in an increase in productive efficiency. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, one methodology for measuring the effects of incentive regulation on productive efficiency is reviewed. This methodology is data envelopment analysis (DEA) and allows for the measurement of both scale efficiency and technical efficiency of individual local exchange carriers (LECs). The results indicate that most LECs were technically efficient over the 1988–1998 period. Four LECs, however, consistently demonstrate scale inefficiency. In the aggregate, however, based on the DEA results there was no identifiable improvement in aggregate LECs' technical efficiency between 1988 and 1998. Subsequently, an alternative methodology, a stochastic frontier production function approach, is considered. The results from this methodology confirm that there was no change in technical efficiency over the period of study, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to enhance.     

Internal Drivers and the Specialization Status of Under-developed Countries： Evidence from China＇s High-tech Industry

将增加值率和生产率作为跨国可比的国际分工地位度量指标,引入产品内分工分析框架中,刻画发展中国家产业的国际分工地位受国内技术创新、劳动力投入、资本投入,以及FDI溢出效应等因素的影响机理,并以中国高技术产业和企业的数据进行实证检验,结果表明：国内的技术创新以及物质资本和人力资本等要素的协同性提升,是提高中国高技术产业国际分工地位的关键性内部动力,而FDI溢出效应的作用相对有限。因而中国产业升级的关键,是要挖掘和培育内部动力,而非依赖于FDI的溢出效应。     

Efficiency of financial market intermediation in Kenya: A comparative analysis

Wide interest margins as witnessed in Kenya are a sign of a repressed and inefficient financial sector. This paper carries out a cross-country analysis of the determinants of financial market efficiency using panel cointegration with a view to recommending policy options for improving the efficiency of the financial sector intermediation process in Kenya. The study finds that the major contributors to the differences in financial sector inefficiency in Kenya compared to the other countries in the study are high bank operating costs, default risk and financial market structure. The study recommends, among other measures, that the government through the Central Bank need to collaborate with the commercial banks and establish a working credit reference bureau to enable easy identification of credit worthy customers in order to reduce default risk; there is also need by the central bank to license more new banks to increase competition and reduce bank concentration. The study also recommends increased use of technology including phone-banking and e-banking to reduce operation costs of the banks. The paper concludes that contrary to the findings from other cross-country analysis, the factors that lead to financial market in/efficiency varies from one country to the other.     

论中国先进生产力和先进文化的世界历史性

从先进生产力“世界历史性”的一般逻辑规定性、先进生产力的同构性、中国社会内部先进生产力与落后生产力的关系的角度阐释中国先进生产力的世界历史性问题 ,并进而从“世界普遍交往”、中国先进文化的构成和发展规律的角度探讨中国先进文化的世界历史性问题 ,是当前全面、深入地认识和把握“三个代表”思想的一个关键性环节。