发展循环经济实现社会经济可持续发展

循环经济是一种新型的经济发展模式,是我国可持续发展战略的必然选择。探讨了循环经济的概念内涵,循环经济在我国发展的必然性,并提出了我国发展循环经济的基本途径及对策。     

上海循环产业的运营与管理的对策

本文阐述了循环经济的含义、目前上海市循环产业运营与管理的现状和发展循环经济产业的优势,指出把发展循环经济确立为上海经济发展的基本战略目标,才能有效克服在经济发展过程中出现的环境与资源危机,实现上海的可持续发展。     

中国循环经济发展的若干理论与实践探索

循环经济是针对经济增长对资源和环境压力而提出的一种新的经济发展模式,也是指一种新的技术经济模式。发展循环经济涉及经济增长、就业与环境之间的深层次矛盾问题。涉及对污染治理的经济学问题、经济发展阶段与循环经济、循环经济与效率、循环经济与生态经济、循环经济与社会公平、循环经济伦理与环境伦理等问题的研究。中国发展循环经济面临的主要问题是企业规模小,缺乏规模支撑和尚未形成适合区域性循环经济网络发展需要的经济机制和政策体系等问题。应该加快进行适合循环经济发展的制度创新,选择优先发展循环经济的领域,治理污染,保护环境。     

循环经济：实现可持续发展的重要途径

循环经济是按自然生态物质循环方式运行的体现可持续发展特征的现代经济模式。发展循环经济是实施可持续发展战略的需要,是实现我国新型工业化的重要途径,是应对经济全球化的重要举措。国内外循环经济实践为发展循环经济提供了借鉴,经济结构调整为循环经济发展提供了契机,人类自身发展的内在需要为循环经济发展提供了动力。要树立发展循环经济新理念,加快循环经济立法,开发并建立绿色技术体系,因地制宜实施循环经济发展模式,为发展循环经济创造良好环境。大力发展循环经济,实现国民经济全面、协调、可持续发展。     

日本发展循环经济的法律规制保障及启示

日本之所以成为世界循环经济发展水平最高的国家之一,是因为其完善的发展循环经济的法律规制体系起到了决定性作用.日本循环经济的法律规制是从其经济发展过程中不断吸取和总结经验教训基础上逐步建立和完善的,也是在没有"循环经济"概念之前就已经开始的.到目前为止,日本已经形成了由基础法、综合法和专门法等组成的完备的法律规制体系.我国在发展循环经济进程中,应借鉴日本经验,加强循环经济立法,建立和完善促进循环经济发展的法律规制体系,使循环经济的发展有法可依,有章可循.     

我国循环经济立法模式探讨

循环经济是在经济发展与资源的短缺、环境不断遭到破坏的矛盾日益尖锐的形势下而提出的一种新型经济发展模式.发展循环经济是我国社会可持续发展的最佳模式选择.循环经济立法是促进循环经济发展的内在要求和不可或缺的重要因素.我国应借鉴发达国家的有益经验,选择适合我国国情的循环经济型立法模式,制定循环经济促进法为基本法,同时在实践和技术水平相对成熟的领域制定专项法,构建有中国特色的循环经济法律体系.     

甘肃省循环经济的法律支撑问题论析

随着甘肃经济的高速增长,经济发展与环境、资源的矛盾越来越突出,已经成为甘肃经济进一步发展的制约因素。甘肃省省情、资源状况及当前经济发展所面临的严峻形势,都表明发展循环经济是甘肃实现可持续发展的必然选择。循环经济的发展需要法律制度的支撑,如果没有完善有效的制度作为基础,循环经济根本不可能实现。所以,进行循环经济的法律制度建设与创新是甘肃省发展循环经济的重中之重。本文对甘肃省循环经济的法律支撑问题进行了初步的论析。     

发展循环经济实现可持续发展

循环经济成为综合国力竞争和争夺国际发展制高点的一场新竞赛.发展循环经济是从根本上减轻环境污染的有效途径,也是提高经济效益的重要途径.根据我国的实际情况,应提高人们对发展循环经济的认识,加强政府引导与市场推进相结合,加紧制定促进循环经济发展的政策、法律法规,在经济结构战略性调整中大力推进循环经济,以绿色消费推动循环经济发展,建立绿色国民经济核算制度.     

循环经济发展的国际比较及其启示

通过发展循环经济,世界一些国家经济发展取得了显著成效。借鉴不同国家的循环经济发展经验,我国应建立健全法律体系,加强科技进步,谋求可行的循环经济发展模式,强化循环经济运行的市场化机制,制定相应的经济政策,发挥非政府组织的作用,提高公众的参与意识,促进循环经济发展。     

循环经济发展的人本思考

人是经济发展的最终归宿与目的,经济发展应是人本的发展。人本发展观包括三个方面的基本内容,即以人为发展的根本目的,以人的能力为发展的基本途径,以制度为发展的基本保障。循环经济是按自然生态物质循环方式运行的经济模式,其核心是通过节约资源的生产方式来促进经济发展。要实现经济与环境双赢的可持续发展目标,使经济发展服从人是目的的原则,就必须改变传统的经济增长模式,实行循环经济的发展模式。发展循环经济的核心是资源的节约与高效利用,节约、高效利用资源的关键在于人的能力提升,发展循环经济必须以发展人为基本途径。制度是经济行为的规范,其基本功能是通过理顺人们之间的相互关系,提供激励动力,发展循环经济的基本保障就是加强相关制度建设以规范人和激励人。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Feminist Criticism in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter written by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a great book. Through feminist criticism we can get how The Scarlet Letter may be read as dramatizing Hester Prynne's spiritual and physical struggle to survive as an individual in a society whose values authorize the privileged power of men.     

循环经济与可持续发展刍议

发展循环经济已经成为当今世界的潮流和趋势,循环经济将经济活动组织成为"资源-产品-消费-再生资源"的物质反复循环的闭环式流程,从上世纪90年代确定可持续发展战略以来,发达国家正在把发展循环经济、建立循环型社会看作是实施可持续发展战略的重要途径和实现方式.循环经济是集经济、技术、社会于一体的系统工程,其启动和推广不仅需要政府、企业、科学界和公众等社会各界的不懈努力和共同参与,而且需要资金、技术以及法规、制度等软硬环境的强力支撑.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Youth‐oriented active labour market policies and economic crisis: Explaining policy effort in Greece and Portugal

The starting point of this study is the implementation of seemingly similar youth‐oriented labour market policies in Greece and Portugal. Both countries have suffered high youth unemployment rates and have been pressured to restructure their labour market as part of the rescue programmes adopted during the European sovereign debt crisis. Despite convergence in terms of policy trajectories, there is a significant divergence in employment outcomes. In Portugal, youth‐oriented policies were better‐targeted and structured. Their implementation has been more effective and has involved the social partners from the outset of the crisis. In Greece, policy design failures, administrative weaknesses and unfavourable macroeconomic conditions have limited the dynamics of youth‐oriented policies thus increasing youth insecurity. Τhe analysis suggests that convergence in policy content can be compatible with divergence in terms of outcomes.