基于Hsiao程序的最优解释变量的选择

文章首先对Hsiao程序的理论进行了介绍:然后,以人民币行为均衡汇率模型(BEER模型)为例,使用该程序进行解释变量选择.筛选得到的解释变量与国内外大多数学者利用该模型进行研究所选择的经济变量基本一致,这说明使用Hsiao程序选择解释变量是可信的.但是,也存在一些差异,主要因为样本选择的范围不同以及所使用的数据质量本身问题.文章的创新之处在于利用运筹学的最优选择思想,借助Hsiao程序.进行解释变量的选择,这对某些经济变量(缺乏决定因素的先验理论)进行回归分析时,有很大的参考价值,同时,可避免主观臆断.     

一种简单有效的二项分布比例参数似然比置信区间的求法

对二项分布比例参数p的似然比置信区间,提出一种简便求解方法。在平均覆盖率、平均区间长度及区间长度的95%置信区间准则下与WScore、Plus4、Jeffreys置信区间进行模拟比较。试验表明,在二项分布b(n,p)的参数n≥20且p∈(0.1,0.9)时,该方法获取的似然比置信区间性能优良。当点估计p值不是接近于0或1且n≥20时,推荐使用本方法获取p的置信区间。     

有监督Group MCP方法的稳健性研究

采用模拟研究的方法,分别在回归预测和分类判别两种环境中讨论有监督Group MCP方法在不同结构错误率下进行变量选择和结果预测的稳健性,并通过实例分析讨论本研究的实用价值。研究结果显示:忽略解释变量的内部结构进行变量选择会导致很多重要解释变量被疏漏,而有监督Group MCP方法考虑了解释变量的内部结构,在结构错误率低于5%时会以不低于98%的概率选出有效解释变量,并尽量降低冗余变量被选择的可能性。此研究成果为有监督Group MCP方法的合理使用奠定了基础。     

经济模型中多重共线性引发变量的判定

一、多重共线性现象多元回归模型是进行经济预测与分析的一种常见有效的方法。但是,在实际工作中,常常只注意研究解释变量与被解释变量之间的经济联系,忽视了解释变量之间的相关性。事实上,经济变量之间关系错综复杂,一个变量的变动常常受几个变量的制约,解释变量之...     

多重共线性的解决:剔除变量的新标准

当使用剔除变量法解决线性回归模型的多重共线性问题时,根据方差膨胀因子的大小来选择被剔除变量是存在缺陷的.解释变量显著性检验的t统计量的绝对值大小反映了该解释变量对被解释变量的贡献程度的大小,因此可以将t统计量绝对值作为剔除解释变量的依据,从而得到一类多重共线性的解决办法.     

面板数据的自适应Lasso分位回归方法研究

如何在对参数进行估计的同时自动选择重要解释变量,一直是面板数据分位回归模型中讨论的热点问题之一。通过构造一种含多重随机效应的贝叶斯分层分位回归模型,在假定固定效应系数先验服从一种新的条件Laplace分布的基础上,给出了模型参数估计的Gibbs抽样算法。考虑到不同重要程度的解释变量权重系数压缩程度应该不同,所构造的先验信息具有自适应性的特点,能够准确地对模型中重要解释变量进行自动选取,且设计的切片Gibbs抽样算法能够快速有效地解决模型中各个参数的后验均值估计问题。模拟结果显示,新方法在参数估计精确度和变量选择准确度上均优于现有文献的常用方法。通过对中国各地区多个宏观经济指标的面板数据进行建模分析,演示了新方法估计参数与挑选变量的能力。     

半连续Bernoulli-Normal两部回归模型及变量选择

对于半连续两部回归模型,考虑到每个回归部分都会遇到大量的候选变量,此时就会产生变量选择问题。文章主要研究Bernoulli-Normal两部回归模型的变量选择问题。先提出一种基于Lasso惩罚函数的变量选择方法,但考虑到Lasso估计量不具有Oracle性质,又提出一种基于自适应Lasso惩罚函数的变量选择方法。模拟结果表明：两种方法都能够对Bernoulli-Normal回归模型进行变量选择,且自适应Lasso方法的变量选择性能往往优于Lasso方法。     

变量选择方法在医疗保险赔付评估中的应用

在广义线性模型假设下,采用Lin的医疗费用模型,运用LASSO和SCAD方法对影响医疗费用的因素进行选择,并对两种方法的有效性进行了对比分析,从而得出影响医疗保险赔付的重要因素,解决了高维变量带来的一系列问题。实例分析中,由于两种方法注重的统计性质不同,选择出的解释变量略微不同,但通过分析发现,两种结果都具有良好的解释性,反映了影响医疗保险赔付的重要信息。     

控制单个随机解释变量条件下被解释变量平均改变量的估计方法

文章在将两个相关随机变量中的一个适当分解为两个随机变量的基础上,对解释变量完全是随机变量的不完全多重共线问题,给出了用一个原解释变量以及与其不相关随机解释变量线性表示被解释变量的表示方法.进而研究了单独控制一个原解释变量改变一个单位条件下被解释变量的平均改变量(单控改变量),给出了估计单控改变量的方法——剔除相关变量法,证明了估计量的无偏性和一致性,并证明了估计量方差依概率收敛到有效估计量的方差.     

基于变系数模型的高维数据异同性识别方法研究

随着信息技术的发展,高维数据日益丰富。现实中,很多高维数据由多个主体各异的数据集融合而成。如何准确识别出高维数据集间的异同性成为大数据分析的目标之一。本文提出了变系数模型下的高维数据整合分析方法。该方法可以同时对多个数据集进行变量选择和系数估计,并且能 够自动识别出变量系数在数据集间的异同性。模拟结果表明本文方法在异同性识别、变量选择、系数估 计和预测等方面明显优于对比方法。在肺癌致病基因识别的应用研究中,本文方法能够识别出具有生物解释的致病基因并发现了两种亚型之间的异同性。     

The SSR Plot: A Graphical Representation for Regression

An alternative graphical method, called the SSR plot, is proposed for use with a multiple regression model. The new method uses the fact that the sum of squares for regression (SSR) of two explanatory variables can be partitioned into the SSR of one variable and the increment in SSR due to the addition of the second variable. The SSR plot represents each explanatory variable as a vector in a half circle. Our proposed SSR plot explains that the explanatory variables corresponding to the vectors located closer to the horizontal axis have stronger effects on the response variable. Furthermore, for a regression model with two explanatory variables, the magnitude of the angle between two vectors can be used to identify suppression.     

Robust regression: an inferential method for determining which independent variables are most important

Consider the usual linear regression model consisting of two or more explanatory variables. There are many methods aimed at indicating the relative importance of the explanatory variables. But in general these methods do not address a fundamental issue: when all of the explanatory variables are included in the model, how strong is the empirical evidence that the first explanatory variable is more or less important than the second explanatory variable? How strong is the empirical evidence that the first two explanatory variables are more important than the third explanatory variable? The paper suggests a robust method for dealing with these issues. The proposed technique is based on a particular version of explanatory power used in conjunction with a modification of the basic percentile method.     

Diagnostic plots in beta-regression models

Two diagnostic plots for selecting explanatory variables are introduced to assess the accuracy of a generalized beta-linear model. The added variable plot is developed to examine the need for adding a new explanatory variable to the model. The constructed variable plot is developed to identify the nonlinearity of the explanatory variable in the model. The two diagnostic procedures are also useful for detecting unusual observations that may affect the regression much. Simulation studies and analysis of two practical examples are conducted to illustrate the performances of the proposed plots.     

Categorical multiblock linear discriminant analysis

Techniques of credit scoring have been developed these last years in order to reduce the risk taken by banks and financial institutions in the loans that they are granting. Credit Scoring is a classification problem of individuals in one of the two following groups: defaulting borrowers or non-defaulting borrowers. The aim of this paper is to propose a new method of discrimination when the dependent variable is categorical and when a large number of categorical explanatory variables are retained. This method, Categorical Multiblock Linear Discriminant Analysis, computes components which take into account both relationships between explanatory categorical variables and canonical correlation between each explanatory categorical variable and the dependent variable. A comparison with three other techniques and an application on credit scoring data are provided.     

Box–Cox power transformation unconditional quantile regressions with an application on wage inequality

This study proposes a semi-parametric estimation method, Box–Cox power transformation unconditional quantile regression, to estimate the impact of changes in the distribution of the explanatory variables on the unconditional quantile of the outcome variable. The proposed method consists of running a nonlinear regression of the recentered influence function (RIF) of the outcome variable on the explanatory variables. We also show the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and apply the estimation method to address an existing puzzle in labor economics–why the 50th/10th percentile wage gap has been falling in the USA since the late 1980s. Our results show that declining unionization can explain approximately 10% of the decline in the 50/10 wage gap in 1990–2000 and 23% in 2000–2010.     

Analysis of rounded data in measurement error regression

The measurement error model (MEM) is an important model in statistics because in a regression problem, the measurement error of the explanatory variable will seriously affect the statistical inferences if measurement errors are ignored. In this paper, we revisit the MEM when both the response and explanatory variables are further involved with rounding errors. Additionally, the use of a normal mixture distribution to increase the robustness of model misspecification for the distribution of the explanatory variables in measurement error regression is in line with recent developments. This paper proposes a new method for estimating the model parameters. It can be proved that the estimates obtained by the new method possess the properties of consistency and asymptotic normality.     

Likelihood estimation for a longitudinal negative binomial regression model with missing outcomes

Joint damage in psoriatic arthritis can be measured by clinical and radiological methods, the former being done more frequently during longitudinal follow-up of patients. Motivated by the need to compare findings based on the different methods with different observation patterns, we consider longitudinal data where the outcome variable is a cumulative total of counts that can be unobserved when other, informative, explanatory variables are recorded. We demonstrate how to calculate the likelihood for such data when it is assumed that the increment in the cumulative total follows a discrete distribution with a location parameter that depends on a linear function of explanatory variables. An approach to the incorporation of informative observation is suggested. We present analyses based on an observational database from a psoriatic arthritis clinic. Although the use of the new statistical methodology has relatively little effect in this example, simulation studies indicate that the method can provide substantial improvements in bias and coverage in some situations where there is an important time varying explanatory variable.     

Identification of the Direction of a Causal Effect by Instrumental Variables

This article provides a strategy to identify the existence and direction of a causal effect in a generalized nonparametric and nonseparable model identified by instrumental variables. The causal effect concerns how the outcome depends on the endogenous treatment variable. The outcome variable, treatment variable, other explanatory variables, and the instrumental variable can be essentially any combination of continuous, discrete, or “other” variables. In particular, it is not necessary to have any continuous variables, none of the variables need to have large support, and the instrument can be binary even if the corresponding endogenous treatment variable and/or outcome is continuous. The outcome can be mismeasured or interval-measured, and the endogenous treatment variable need not even be observed. The identification results are constructive, and can be empirically implemented using standard estimation results.     

A distance based regression model for prediction with mixed data

A multiple regression method based on distance analysis and metric scaling is proposed and studied. This method allow us to predict a continuous response variable from several explanatory variables, is compatible with the general linear model and is found to be useful when the predictor variables are both continuous and categorical. Real data examples are given to illustrate the results obtained.     

Regression of area mortality rates on explanatory variables: what weighting is appropriate?

"One can often gain insight into the aetiology of a disease by relating mortality rates in different areas to explanatory variables. Multiple regression techniques are usually employed, but unweighted least squares may be inappropriate if the areas vary in population size. Also, a fully weighted regression, with weights inversely proportional to binomial sampling variances, is usually too extreme. This paper proposes an intermediate solution via maximum likelihood which takes account of three sources of variation in death rates: sampling error, explanatory variables and unexplained differences between areas. The method is also adapted for logit (death rates), standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) and log (SMRs). Two [United Kingdom] examples are presented."