西南农村妇女东迁婚配态势探析

随着中舀的笠济毕制改革、农衬商品经济迅速发展,封闭式人口逐渐向开放式人口转变。在人口移动的大潮流中,位于我国西南地区(包括四川、云南、贵州、广西等省区)的农村女性人口东迂婚配现象,日渐引起人们的关注。本文试就此作一初步的分析和探讨。一、农村女性人口省际婚迁中的特殊现象 1.婚迂规挺日越庞大,流势逐渐增强。 省际婚姻迁移是指与居住外省的异性结婚而进行的迁移。这种迁移活动的主体以女性居多。解放以来,省际婚姻迁移一直存在,但数量和规模郁不大,没有形成迁移流。党的十一届三中全会以来省际婚姻迁移,尤其是农村女性入口jL…     

八十年代中国女性省际婚姻迁入的逐步回归分析

一、问题的提出众所周知，自从改革开放政策实施以来，中国省内和省际迁移（包括城乡间、城市间及乡村间）日益频繁，学术界对迁移和流动的讨论也十分活跃。有关迁移动机、迁移的选择性、迁移人口的特征以及迁移、流动对城乡社会、经济发展的影响等问题的研究已多有论及。但是，以往的研究比较重视男、女劳动力以务工经商为动机的迁移和流动。相对而言，对以婚姻为动机的迁移（本文简称为“婚姻迁移”）的研究则稍嫌不足。以婚姻为动机的迁移者多为女性，与其它迁移不同的是，婚姻迁移是一种与自然性别关系（ｓｅｘｒａｔｉｏ）和社会性别关…     

四川盆地农村人口婚姻迁移空间演变分析及对策探讨

婚姻迁移是我国农村人口迁移的重要方面,在不同的经济社会背景下,农村人口的婚姻迁移具有不同的空间特征,并随着时代的发展而演变。根据实地调研资料分析四川盆地农村人口六十余年来婚姻迁移的空间演变情况,发现婚迁距离总体呈逐年增大的趋势,受教育程度和婚前从业状况对其婚迁距离有较明显的影响,经济动因在婚迁地域选择中的作用越来越突出。农村人口婚迁空间演变带来的影响中积极性与消极性并存,从宣传引导、政策调整、经济扶持、教育培训等方面提出相应对策措施。     

中国人口迁移流动的变化特点和影响因素——基于第六次人口普查

本文以第六次全国人口普查汇总数据为基础,就中国人口迁移流动的选择性、区域性以及人口迁移流动的影响因素进行了系统分析。研究发现:中国的人口迁移流动主要是受经济和家庭因素的驱动;中国的人口迁移流动具有非常明显的向东部沿海地区聚集的地理空间特点,空间距离虽然与人口迁移流动有一定的关联,但在选择空间距离的测量指标时,应该充分考虑到交通时间缩短的影响;省际人口迁移流动的影响因素中,迁移流动信息、收入水平差、人口数量差是影响省际人口迁移流动的正向指标,而城乡分布和空间距离是影响人口迁移流动的负向指标。研究结果对于正确理解我国人口形势的过去和现在,科学地预见和适应未来具有重要的意义。     

考虑人口省际和乡城迁移因素的陕西省城镇人口发展趋势预测

人口省际迁移与乡城迁移对城镇人口发展有重要影响。本文构建了包含人口省际和乡城迁移因素的动态预测模型,对2010-2060年陕西省城镇人口发展趋势进行预测。结果表明：第一,省际迁移和乡城迁移人口在年龄结构上呈倒V型分布,以劳动年龄人口为主,随时间推移,人口省际和乡城迁移趋势减缓。第二,在人口省际和乡城迁移的影响下,2047年陕西省城镇劳动年龄人口规模将达到峰值,之后回落,而少年儿童和老年人口规模在预测期内始终呈现增长趋势。第三,人口省际迁移和乡城迁移因素使陕西省城镇老龄化趋势得到显著改善。     

我国外出劳动力省际回流特征及其个体影响效应研究

非户籍地省际回流是回流返迁的重要构成,为了更加深入了解劳动力回流特征及其返迁后生活状况的变化,利用2017年全国流动人口监测调查数据（CMDS）,探究我国外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的特征,并使用倾向值得分匹配法（PSM）从经济收入与消费、家庭团聚、社会保障、社会归属感四个维度对其省际回流的个体影响效应进行评估。主要结果发现：第一,城镇地区是外出劳动力非户籍地省际回流的优先选择,其中县级城市的回流比例相对较低,非省会的地级市回流比例高于省会城市;中西部与东部地区的双向流动模式已初步显现;回流的家庭化特征明显,实现家庭团聚和寻求家庭稳定发展是流动人口的终极目标。第二,与跨省流动相比,省际回流后的劳动力收入水平显著降低,与配偶、子女居住的家庭化流动程度更高,社会医疗保险参与度和社会归属感得到明显的提升。此外,协变量中年龄、受教育年限与省际回流均呈现“倒U型”的关系;已婚、少数民族人口更容易回流;跨省流动时间越长和跨省时子女随迁的劳动力回流可能性越小。总体来看,家庭因素是整个回流决策中重要的影响因素,流动人口政策的制定要更多地考虑流动人口及其家庭成员的发展和福利保障;同时回流地区也要重视回流劳...     

浙江省迁入女性人口婚姻生育调查

改革开放以来,随着农村商品经济的发展,浙江省人口迁移流动十分活跃。在迁移流动行列中出现了一个引人注目的迁移人群——外省婚迁女性,数量很大。她们给浙江省人口的婚姻、生育等方面带来了很大影响。 一、迁入浙江女性人群的现状与特点 外省籍女性迁入浙江的婚姻迁移,是指外省女性以婚嫁方式、以在浙江农村择偶落户为目的而进行的迁移。改革开放以前,这     

农村妇女婚迁涉及的法律问题

本文所谓“农村妇女婚迁”,是指农村妇女因婚姻关系迁移外省外地落户而形成的人口流动。新中国成立后,为维护社会秩序,稳定和管理农村、市郊、城市之间的人口,实行了一整套控制人口流动的户籍管理制度。但农村人口之间因通婚而迁移,政策还是允许的。因此,婚迁现象历来有之。如灾区农村妇女为躲避自然灾害离乡婚配等。近几年,外省农村妇女来浙婚配的人数越来越多,据不完全调查统计,仅1985年以来,     

北京郊区农村人口的婚姻迁移

北京市农村人口因婚姻向心迁移的问题,近几年比较突出,人数逐年增加。在农村人口迁移变动的诸因素中,婚姻迁移占很大比重,它从一个侧面反映了郊区人口向心迁移流动的状况。这个问题的存在,一方面反映了当前农村经济发展的不平衡状况;另一方面,又对不同地区农村人口的总量、增长速度、分布状况、男女性别比、出生率等产生直接影响。为了加深对这个问题的了解,我们调查了北京郊区一些公社的婚姻迁移情况,就此谈几点粗浅看法。     

中国乡城人口流动与城镇出生人口性别比——基于“五普”数据的分析

本文利用中国第五次人口普查1‰抽样数据,以城镇区域人口为重点,定量分析了农村人口流动对城镇地区人口出生性别比,以及农村流入城镇人口子女性别的影响。研究发现,中国农村未流动人口、农村流入城镇人口和城镇非农村流入人口的出生性别比均偏离了出生性别比的正常水平,农村人口流动影响了城镇地区生育性别,农村流入城镇人口相对较强的男孩偏好观念加剧了城镇地区出生性别比偏高。     

关于打工妹婚姻逆迁移的调查

由于制度与自身的原因 ,很多在城相恋的农民工婚后回到了农村 ,文章根据打工妹的婚后生活状况把打工妹的婚姻逆迁移分为四种类型 :安居乐业型、外出型、女方外逃型、女方自杀型。通过对这四种类型的描述从宏观和微观两个层面对婚姻逆迁移进行理论探讨。从宏观上看 ,城市化、工业化是不可逆的现代化趋势 ,在此背景下 ,与城市化、工业化相悖的婚姻逆迁移必然整体上充满被动和凄凉。从微观的角度来看 ,男女双方婚前信息交换的完全性、婚姻迁移和社区迁移的同步性也是影响这些婚姻迁移者婚姻质量的关键变项。     

A study of internal migration in England and Wales

Abstract The main trend in urban/rural migration is a continuous gain, in net terms, of towns from villages and large cities. But this is a result of two distinct migration streams associated with the process of family formation. While before marriage there is positive net migration from villages to both large cities and towns (and from large cities towards towns), after marriage there is a tendency for couples to move towards villages. This is explained by the desire of families, particularly those belonging to the middle class to move out of the urban centres to better accommodation in smaller communities. Considerable variations in migrations within and into regions are observed. These reflect the continuation oflong-term trends in internal migration (as described in Part I of this paper) in particular, population dispersal from Greater London and larger distance migration into the Southern and Eastern regions. Some social characteristics of migrants and non-migrants are compared. Associations between the intensity of internal migration on the one hand, and occupational status, education, social mobility and family size on the other are observed. An attempt is made to assess the extent of migration associated with the marriage process. Although this process increases mobility, its relative contribution to total adult mobility appears to be only slight.     

地区发展、经济机会、收入回报与省际人口流动

利用最新的第六次全国人口普查数据,本文考察了省际人口流动的空间模式,发现省际人口流动呈现明显的空间聚集态势.并进一步分析地区差异对省际人口流动的影响,结果表明：作为流出地,一个地区的经济发展水平对于人口流出具有显著的阻力效应,但经济机会的多寡和经济回报的高低并无显著的影响;作为流入地,一个地区的经济发展水平对于吸引人口流入并不具有显著的影响,其“拉力”主要表现为经济机会的多寡和经济回报的高低.因地区发展不平衡短期内难以改变、经济开放性会继续增强、收入地区分化仍将存在,加上更加自由的流动环境和不断改善的交通和通讯条件,省级人口流动在局部地区集中的趋势将会进一步被强化.     

劳动力流动对城镇失业的影响研究

文章探讨了家庭决策下农村劳动力流动对城镇失业的影响,认为劳动力回流会降低流入者的现存失业率进而拉低城镇总体失业率。基于2005年全国1%人口抽样调查数据,作者对城镇失业与其相关因素进行了回归分析。结果发现,就失业概率而言,农村流入人口远低于城镇居民;镇居民低于市居民;女性高于男性;年轻组远高于其他年龄组;受过高等教育的人口总体最低,但高校新近毕业生却较高。另外,区域发展模式影响其失业模式。失业水平在东北、武汉、重庆老工业基地出现了本地居民、农民工和总体均高的三高模式,在京、津、沪和珠三角地区出现了本地居民高、农民工低和总体居中的高低中模式,仅在国有、私营、和三资企业平衡发展的华东沿海地区出现了本地居民低、农民工低和总体低的三低模式。     

婚姻挤压下农村流动人口的生育性别偏好——基于相对剥夺感视角的分析

中国的出生性别比偏高持续了三十年,婚姻挤压问题日益凸现,大规模的城乡人口流动则加剧了婚姻挤压问题及其社会影响的严重性与复杂性。受制度与非制度因素影响,农村流动人口在城市处于社会底层,易遭遇成婚困难、诱发相对剥夺感,可能对生育偏好产生重要影响。本文基于相对剥夺感视角,对2009年福建省X市外来农村流动人口调查数据的分析发现,婚姻挤压对农村流动人口的生育性别偏好的观念与行为均无显著影响,但相对剥夺感对生育性别偏好行为有显著影响。本研究有助于理解婚姻挤压与相对剥夺感对农村流动人口生育性别偏好演化的特殊作用,对国家调整生育政策、提高流动人口计生服务与管理、促进性别平等有一定借鉴意义。     

基于logistic模型的外来人口婚姻迁移的影响因素分析——以珠三角某地区为例

婚姻迁移是人口迁移的一个方面,且增多趋势愈见明显。动机研究是人口迁移相对集中的关注问题。但是关于以迁入地为基点对婚姻迁移的影响因素分析相对较少。本文试图以某地区为例,研究其外来人口中婚姻迁移行为发生的影响因素,主要包括个人、户籍、经济、就业和城市适应五大因素,并引入logistic模型对测量变量进行统计分析。结果表明,个人因素对婚姻迁移的贡献最大,除了就业因素外,其他因素的贡献相似。尤其指出的是随着外来人口的城市适应程度提高,婚姻迁移的可能性将会增加。由此说明,外来人口城市生活的再社会化程度将为他们的社会融合奠定基础。     

A study of urban population migration and urbanization in China]

Under the auspices of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and UN funding, a study was undertaken to assess Chinese urban migration and urbanization. A 2% random sample was taken of 74 cities of varying densities (divided into 5 categories ranging from "especially large city" to "town") from 16 provinces. This encompassed 23,895 households, 1,643 collectives and 100,167 people. Major data include: 38% of the subjects had migrated at least once; 7.58% lived away from home for at least 1 year; 23.98% were temporarily away from home at the time of the study; 3.6% were at home. With the exception of the "especially large city," which absorbed 46.5% of urban migrants, more migrants entered "towns" than they did "large city." Migration to the "especially large city" fell from 56.6% in the 1950s to 32.5% between 1981-86, whereas migration into the other categories increased. For example, population movement into towns jumped from 12.3% in the 1950s to 28.6% in 1981-86. In all 5 categories, intra-province migration was larger than inter-province migration. Over half of the urban migrants moved from villages to towns. More men migrated to cities than women, but slightly more women than men migrated from villages to cities (due to marriage customs). 56.6% of migrants were between 15-30 years; 23.34% were workers; 21.54% were farmers. Reasons given for moving were many, but the most often cited was work related. Work related moves often meant that such migration was dictated, rather than voluntary. Also, social, economic and political upheavals directly affected the pattern of urban migration from 1949-86. Current government policy is to develop smaller cities and to limit the growth of already densely populated areas. Until cities can provide adequate housing, food and jobs for its inhabitants, governmental intervention in some areas will continue to be necessary.     

Causes of Urban Migration in Bangladesh: Evidence from the Urban Health Survey

Mass migration is increasing urban populations globally. One country where urban migration is significantly increasing is Bangladesh, where systematic research will explore the reasons for urban migration in order to devise policies in this area, including maintaining the balance of urban–rural developments. This study used the Urban Health Survey (UHS) 2013 to ascertain the reasons for urban migration in large divisional cities in Bangladesh. The 2013 survey examined the differences between male and female migration, alongside any significant sociodemographic factors that might contribute to their motivation for moving to the city. The survey revealed that a majority of women (64.8%) migrated for family purposes, for example, joining husbands or in-laws, or parents/children. However, in recent years, female migrants have been involved in income-generating activities mostly due to a recent garment-making boom in Dhaka and its suburbs. A higher proportion of men (85.3%) moved to urban areas for work-related reasons: searching for new jobs, better income, or transfer in services. Among the sample in this study, 77% of the respondents (79.3% female and 73.5% male) migrated from villages. This migration mostly centered on Dhaka, the capital city of Bangladesh, where 68.1% of the total study sample migrated followed by 15.7% who went to Chittagong. The results indicate that the contemporary urban-centered economic policy in Bangladesh might require revision to accommodate the increased migrants from rural areas.

     

Determinants of rural-urban migration in Ghana

Abstract In the 39 years between the 1921 and 1960 censuses, urban population in Ghana multiplied by nine while the population of the whole country only trebled. The major factor in urban growth was rural-urban migration and the reproduction of the migrants. In 1963 a survey consisting of a systematic sample of households in 45 rural centres, randomly chosen in Local Authority Areas selected in accord with the regional rural population distribution, reconstituted the rural population so as to include current migrants in the towns as well as those remaining in rural areas. For analysis 13,748 respondents were divided into 14 categories by ruralurban migration behaviour. At the same time a survey of urban population provided a check on rural-urban migration data. study of the propensity to migrate from rural to urban areas shows that this increases with the closeness of the rural area to a large town, the population size of the rural centre, the economic well-being of the rural household, the number of relatives already in the urban area, the individual's level of education, larger family size and probably lower birth rank, as well as exhibiting specific age and sex patterns. It is shown that only a minor role is played by occupation, conjugal condition and number of dependants. Various interrelations between these factors are discussed, and attention is given to the special importance of education in partially or wholly determining some of the other factors. Census data are used to demonstrate the effect of rural-urban migration in concentrating persons with certain characteristics in the urban areas.     

代际差异视角下的农民工城市适应——基于重庆和珠三角地区的调查

本研究从代际差异视角出发,利用重庆和珠三角地区调查数据,分析了影响两代农民工城市适应水平差异的因素,研究发现,老一代农民工和新生代农民工在城市适应水平方面存在着显著差异,新生代农民工的城市适应水平更低。仅对第一代农民工造成显著影响的因素有教育程度、配偶是否随迁和打工地生活时间长短,而对新生代农民工造成显著影响的因素为收入和找工作途径,对两代农民工城市适应水平均有影响的因素为是否会讲当地话、住房状况和与当地人交往情况,但住房状况和与当地人交往情况对两代农民工的影响程度存在差异。