融资融券制度对尾部系统风险的非对称影响——基于A股市场极值相关性的研究

融资融券交易制度的推出能否有效降低个股随市场暴涨暴跌的概率是广泛关注的问题.文章利用Patton提出的SJC Copula函数, 估计了个股与大市尾部相关性, 并使用双重差分法分析了融资融券交易制度推出的政策处置效应, 发现融资融券制度降低了标的个股左尾 (下跌) 极值相关性, 但加剧了右尾 (上涨) 极值相关性.进一步分析表明, 上述结果来源于融资融券交易对极值相关性的非对称影响.具体而言, 融资交易对左尾极值相关性影响不显著, 但加剧了右尾极值相关性, 融券交易则同时显著降低了左尾和右尾极值相关性.由于融券交易规模远小于融资交易, 融资融券交易对左尾极值相关性的总体影响为负, 对右尾总体影响为正.研究结论认为, 融资交易追涨模式导致个股跟随大盘暴涨, 而融券交易将悲观交易者信息纳入股价, 有利于抑制股价过度上涨, 而逆向平仓也适当降低了个股暴跌概率.因此, 监管者应灵活控制融资交易杠杆, 完善融券交易机制以发挥其股价稳定器功能.     

涨跌停之前的市场微观结构特征分析——基于股灾期间的研究

2015年6月至9月中国股市经历了急速下跌，期间多次出现“千股涨停”或“千股跌停”现象。以股灾期间深市A股允许融资融券股票发生的涨跌停为事件样本，按照事件股票的融资余额占比和市值规模严格匹配对照样本，实证分析涨跌停之前股票的交易活跃度、流动性、波动性和信息不对称程度等市场微观结构的变化特征，采用Logit模型回归分析这些市场微观结构特征与是否发生涨跌停之间的关系。 研究结果表明，交易笔数、已实现波动率和知情交易概率在涨跌停之前显著提升，对发生涨跌停具有较强且显著的正向影响。然而，市场微观结构特征对涨停和跌停的影响存在不对称性，对涨停的影响力度大于对跌停的影响。进一步，选取股灾期间非融资融券股票、股市正常时期和股灾不同阶段的涨跌停为事件样本，同样发现交易笔数、股价波动和信息不对称程度在涨跌停触发前显著提升以及对发生涨跌停具有显著正向影响。除此之外，股灾不同阶段的对比分析结果表明，杠杆交易削弱了市场微观结构特征对发生跌停的影响力。 研究结果还表明交易笔数在市场异常时将成为更好的信号传递指标，这对市场参与者来说具有较强的现实意义，即监管者可以更多关注股票交易账户的日内交易频率，重点监测存在多次小额交易行为的交易账户；投资者在选择交易时机时也应将交易笔数纳入参考指标，以获得更好的交易优势。     

中国股票市场波动性与交易量关系的实证分析

本文运用GARCH-M模型实证检验了中国股票市场波动性与交易量之间的关系.与其他人的研究结论一致,中国股票市场波动性与交易量存在正相关关系.我们将交易量分解为预期交易量和非预期交易量进行检验表明,非预期交易量对股市波动的解释能力要比预期交易量的解释能力更重要,即中国股票市场的短期波动主要由非预期交易量所隐含的新信息的冲击产生的.另外,中国股票市场符合国际上研究量价关系的混合分布假说(MDH)理论,交易量所替代的信息流是引起股市波动的根源.     

融资融券与金融市场的波动性——基于我国A股的实证检验

研究融资融券机制与资本市场波动性之间的相互影响,使用方差齐性检验法,发现融资融券并未影响市场稳定,不存在助涨助跌效应。反过来,波动率的高低也不会影响融资融券的开放时机,不存在监管者相机抉择的成分。     

融资融券约束与股市波动

本文从融资约束和融券约束的视角出发，研究我国股票市场融资机制和融券机制对标的股票波动率的影响。相比于融资融券交易量，约束可以更好地识别融资融券机制的作用，因为它可以从交易渠道、信息渠道、公司治理渠道对股价产生影响。我们利用融资融券机制推进过程中标的证券名单的变化识别融资融券约束放松后的总体效果，然后合理构造子样本识别融资约束的作用，最后利用转融通的实施识别融券约束的作用。研究结果显示融资约束和融券约束的放松显著降低了标的股票的波动率，表明融资融券机制可以发挥稳定股票市场的作用。     

基于信息非对称模型的交易行为与波动性关系研究——交易规模和交易频率

本文基于信息非对称模型研究了上海股市的交易行为与股价波动的关系.实证研究发现:平均每笔交易量比交易频率包含更多的波动性持续信息,对波动性具有更好的解释能力,而且不同规模的交易对波动性冲击不同,其中最大笔交易对波动性的冲击最大.上述结果表明,我国股市中的量价关系是与信息非对称模型一致,而私有信息交易(大笔交易)可能是我国股市中个股过度波动的主要原因之一.     

融资融券对我国A股市场标的证券波动性的影响分析

本文检验了2010年3月~2014年9月前后5个批次纳入两融标的证券波动性受融资融券业务的影响。基于面板模型的研究发现,标的融资交易对其波动性有显著的增强效应,而标的融券交易对其波动性影响不稳健,由于标的证券融资额占据两融业务绝大比重,两融交易整体呈现出增强个股波动性的效果。此外,估值指标不能区分融资融券对标的证券波动率的影响。     

融资融券对上市公司治理影响的研究

以融资融券机制推出为背景, 运用我国内地A股市场上市公司为样本, 研究了融资融券对上市公司治理水平的影响.回归结果显示, 成为融资融券标的后, 上市公司高管离职与高管薪酬对于公司绩效的黏性均有提高, 表明融资融券可以作为外部公司治理机制.机制检验显示融资融券是通过促进公司信息释放而提升公司治理水平的.进一步分析显示, 当公司面临行业竞争压力较小或面临财务约束时, 融资融券对于公司治理的促进作用更加明显.最后, 将融资和融券分开分析, 发现融资机制和融券机制均对公司治理有提升作用.证明了融资融券机制可以提高资本市场对企业的监督, 促进企业信息释放, 从而提高上市公司治理水平.     

我国融资融券制度的模式设计

在业已加入WTO、市场国际化迅速推进、机构投资者不断壮大、混业经营已成国际新潮流的大背景下,拓展融资融券交易,完善市场机制,及时对融资融券制度的国际经验予以系统的概括和总结,结合我国的实际情况,尽早实施融资融券交易,具有十分重大的理论和现实意义。(一)通过证券金融公司实现货币市场与资本市场合规对接现有的融资融券模式可分为两大类:一种是以美国为代表的市场化融资融券模式(分散式授信模式),另一种是以日本和我国台湾地区为代表的专业化融资融券模式(集中式授信模式)。我国的资本市场发展较晚、规模较小、市场各参与方自律性…     

融资融券与机构投资者交易占比北大核心CSCDCSSCI

我国股市中机构投资者的交易占比远低于世界其他主要证券市场。本文通过分析2009年~2015年期间沪深两市个股的高频交易数据,考察了融资融券交易机制对机构投资者交易参与度的影响.结果显示,标的股票在加入融资融券交易后,其机构投资者的交易占比显著上升.进一步的分析发现,融资融券交易能有效缓解企业的信息不对称并加强外部治理;而由于机构投资者比散户更为关注这两个方面,因而融资融券的实施有助于提高标的股的机构交易占比.随后区分了融资交易和融券交易并发现,融券卖空交易是更为主要的影响因素.最后,本文还发现机构交易占比的上升对降低股价协同性和崩盘风险有积极作用.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.