族群依赖与冲突的共生模式——客家族群生存策略研究系列之三

宗族是广东客家应付环境的第一种有效组织形式 ,这个形式没有完结 ,村落是第二种有效组织形式 ;族群认同的实质为族群边界 ,共同的语言、共同的心理意识 (对客家人的起源、习俗、信仰的相同看法 )、共同的体质特征使客家人不容易丧失自己的文化边界 ;客家与其他族群、客家族群内部既有冲突 ,也有融合。冲突具有双重功能 ,它使客家人清晰地认识到己方与他方的族群边界 ,展现出客家的生存能力 ,融合则使他们以模糊族群边界的代价吸收外族群的先进文化发展了自己     

武陵山片区明代金石碑刻所见土家族土司的“中华情结”

本文在明代湖广、四川、贵州行省毗邻区民族分布格局基础上,对目前发现的由明代皇帝、“客家”知识精英、“客家”官员与土司及其代办和土舍分别书写的60块金石碑刻的内容进行系统梳理,认为这是生者的自由书写和对死者的盖棺论定,客观地反映了土家族土司观念、情感和意象世界在明早中晚期及南明时期的形成发展与变化,展示了土家族各土司与我国传统政治文化有机关连的“中华情结”的聚积及变化过程.在明清易代之际,它对旧朝是“情结”,对新朝却是“症结”.基于土司学所做的此项研究,对于客观地评价我国土司及英文化具有启迪意义.     

客家界定中的概念操控:民系、族群、文化、认同

作者认为 ,客家界定之“民系”概念有别于“民族”的概念。“族群”概念的引入 ,使得客家研究更具学术自主性与操作性。而“族裔实体”即为“文化的承载单位”理论的介入 ,人们更注重客家文化的研究 ,族群认同—客家认同 ,实为一种文化认同。“民系—文化”论与“族群—认同”论成为客家界定中两个基本的方法和理论框架     

论客家族群与近代基督教的互动关系

客家族群是一个特殊的社会群体 ,在由中原迁徙南方、港台和海外的过程中 ,历史培育了客家人朴实、勤劳和善良的民族性格。由于历史原因 ,客家人与土著居民曾发生过误解 ,甚至冲突。1 9世纪中叶以后 ,基督教新教大举传入中国 ,恪守中国优秀文化传统的客家族群 ,对中国文化与基督教的冲突做出了独特回应 ,引起了基督教传教士的高度重视 ,促进了客家文化与基督教文化的互动与整合 ,提高了客家人的民族精神 ,并锤炼了它的一批重要精英。     

关于客家移民与文化认同若干问题的思考

认为过去关于客家的形成与发展史的研究太过单一,指出应当关注迁徙中、迁徙后北方移民与原住民的互动,同时注意各地移民的不同情况。鉴于此研究取向,就客家移民与文化认同提出三点看法:一是南宋时期汀州的客家移民与文化认同体现在"颇类中州"上;二是明清时期赣闽粤边的流民归化及其文化认同受"汉化、儒化、王化"影响;三是清代以来客家精英与民众呈现不同的文化认同观。     

澳门客家源流及其族群认同

利用史料论述澳门客家的形成过程,并简要分析澳门客家认同的特点.澳门客家的形成主要有四个来源,首先是一批客家人在清咸丰、同治年间因土客大械斗及同时的苦力贸易流落到澳门;其次是国难时期,大量华南人避难澳门,其中不乏客家人士;再次是20世纪60、70年代,因为东南亚国家的排华浪潮,一批海外客家人迁居澳门;与此同时,就是改革开放后的内地客家人移居澳门.由于澳门客家构成的多元性,由此决定了他们认同的多层次性.     

民族旅游文献中的文化认同研究

文章对近年来国内外民族旅游与文化认同的研究进行了详细的梳理,发现国外对于民族旅游与文化认同的研究主要集中在民族国家的文化认同、地方族群的文化认同、地方族群的文化变迁以及民族艺术品的转化与复兴等四个方面.而国内对民族旅游与文化认同的研究主要集中在族群身份与文化认同、现代化与民族文化复兴等两个方面.文化认同既有来自主流社会的建构,也有地方族群的自我认知.在旅游发展这样一个特定的历史场景中,频繁的人员流动和文化之间的交往接触引起地方民族对我者和他者的文化判别,进而形成了对本民族文化认同的考量.     

明清柳州“城-郭”民族空间的分布与演化

通过分析明清时期柳州外来移民与土著民族在空间上的分布特点、对立与融合状态,揭示明清外来移民在柳州不断向附郭西南扩展其生活、生产空间的历史演化过程.柳州城郭的民族空间分布经历了两个历史阶段:明代民族的“城-郭”对立阶段和清乾嘉后“民-夷”融合的混居阶段.清中叶后的马平县基本消除民族矛盾,形成以汉族为主体、各民族融合的社会结构,其中广东客家移民因具有聚族而居的文化特征,适应了清初马平县的民族对立,推进了移民与土著的文化融合,其客家民居反映了清中叶以来客家人为主的外来移民与土著民族相互交流、影响的历史印记.     

多重的认同,共赢的汇融──壮汉族群互动模式及其对消解民族矛盾的启示

中国第一大民族汉族和第二大民族壮族之间，千百年来相互间发生了密切的互动关系，经历了由对立冲突到和谐共生的复杂演化历程，形成了多重的文化认同和共赢的族群汇融的独特模式。南迁西徙的中原人、湖广人、广府人、客家人、闽南人等汉族族群在壮族居住地寻见了新的生活空间，而壮族在同上述诸族群的交融过程中，吸收了汉民族的先进文化，提升了壮族文化的层位，推动了壮族社会文化的发展。在许多地方的民族矛盾日趋激化、纷争此伏彼起的当今时势，深入阐发壮汉两大民族之间互补互利，共生共赢的族群互动模式的深层蕴涵，将对减缓民族冲突，促进各族群和睦相处，具有重要的启迪价值和现实意义。     

广东客家人的围龙屋

客家人原世居中原，属古代汉族的一支，后因战乱、饥荒等原因逐渐南迁，定居于南方各省。因在异地为客，绝少和外界来往，保留了较多的古代汉族风俗和语言，自成一家，所以称为客家人。勤劳能干的广东客家人在颠沛流离的艰苦环境中，创造了灿烂的客家文化。作为客家民居代表的“围龙屋”，正是其中一颗夺目的明珠。 客家先民多为中原仕宦之家、书香门第，虽经过历代迁徙，但那种上层精英文化意识却始终情结于心；迁至南方后、居住在山区，地潮多雨，湿瘴弥漫。客家先民将中原文化与当地环境相结合，不断摸索总结，终于发展为今天布局合理、…     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

Refugees,migrants, neither,both: categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis’

The use of the categories ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ to differentiate between those on the move and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of their claims to international protection has featured strongly during Europe’s ‘migration crisis’ and has been used to justify policies of exclusion and containment. Drawing on interviews with 215 people who crossed the Mediterranean to Greece in 2015, our paper challenges this ‘categorical fetishism’, arguing that the dominant categories fail to capture adequately the complex relationship between political, social and economic drivers of migration or their shifting significance for individuals over time and space. As such it builds upon a substantial body of academic literature demonstrating a disjuncture between conceptual and policy categories and the lived experiences of those on the move. However, the paper is also critical of efforts to foreground or privilege ‘refugees’ over ‘migrants’ arguing that this reinforces rather than challenges the dichotomy’s faulty foundations. Rather those concerned about the use of categories to marginalise and exclude should explicitly engage with the politics of bounding, that is to say, the process by which categories are constructed, the purpose they serve and their consequences, in order to denaturalise their use as a mechanism to distinguish, divide and discriminate.     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

Im/possible lives: gender,class, self-fashioning,and affinal solidarity in modern South Asia

Drawing on ethnographic research and employing a micro-historical approach that recognizes not only the transnational but also the culturally specific manifestations of modernity, this article centers on the efforts of a young woman to negotiate shifting and conflicting discourses about what a good life might consist of for a highly educated and high caste Hindu woman living at the margins of a nonetheless globalized world. Newly imaginable worlds in contemporary Mithila, South Asia, structure feeling and action in particularly gendered and classed ways, even as the capacity of individuals to actualize those worlds and the ‘modern’ selves envisioned within them are constrained by both overt and subtle means. In the context of shifting cultural anchors, new practices of silence, literacy, and even behaviors interpreted as ‘mental illness’ may become tactics in an individual's negotiation of conflicting self-representations. The confluence of forces at play in contemporary Mithila, moreover, is creating new structures of feeling that may begin to reverse long-standing locally held assumptions about strong solidarities between natal families and daughters, on the one hand, and weak solidarities between affinal families and new daughters-in-law, on the other.