三元采购策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题。在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果。本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系。研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响。同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效。     

三元采策略的影响因素研究

为了更好地获取和利用供应商网络中供应商资源与能力,制造企业需要通过采购活动主动地对供应商网络进行配置与管理,由此三元采购策略成为学术界讨论的热点问题.在文献分析的基础上,本文从制造企业、组织间关系和供应商3个层面提取了三元采购策略的影响因素,并引入采购绩效来评价三元采购策略的效果.本文通过在全国不同地区调查收集的365份样本,实证研究了影响因素、三元采购策略与采购绩效间的作用关系.研究发现,采购管理技能、采购地位、高管支持、封闭式治理机制、目标一致性、制造企业与供应商间相互信任、供应商间相似性、供应商能力以及供应商意愿正向影响制造企业三元采购策略;三元采购策略对采购绩效也有显著正向影响.同时,影响因素中采购管理技能、供应商能力和采购地位还直接作用于制造企业的采购绩效.     

企业人力资源管理信息化建设初探

随着信息技术的不断发展,信息化已经成为企业管理的重要组成部分。本文探讨了信息化在企业人力资源管理中的应用。首先,分析了现代企业人力资源管理信息化的意义。其次,介绍了信息化对企业的发展和运营产生的影响。再次,剖析了当前现代企业人力资源管理信息化建设存在的问题,如员工技能结构与企业需求不符、员工流失率高、企业缺乏信息化培训机制、企业信息化绩效管理不完善。最后,提出了现代企业人力资源管理信息化建设相关对策,如提高企业与信息化建设的技能匹配度,完善企业人力资源管理制度,加大人力培训力度、提高企业信息化应用能力,完善人力资源管理系统信息化建设的流程,优化企业人力资源管理体系绩效管理。本文旨在为企业提高人力资源管理水平、推动信息化建设提供参考。     

资源异质性如何影响企业绩效:资源管理能力调节效应的检验和分析

战略理论认为,资源与能力是引致企业竞争优势和绩效差异的重要因素,但鲜有实证研究探讨异质性资源与何种企业能力组合可提升企业绩效的问题。本文通过定量研究分析了资源异质性与资源管理能力不同维度组合对企业绩效影响的效果。数据分析结果表明,资源获取、整合与释放能力维度对资源异质性正向影响企业绩效的作用关系有调节作用,但对不同的资源特质—绩效关系影响程度不同。本研究揭示了资源异质性—企业绩效关系成立的边界条件和影响因素,对企业管理实践有重要意义。     

创新网络与技术创新绩效的关系:基于技术标准联盟行为和人际关系技能北大核心CSSCI

技术标准联盟是企业打破组织边界,从外部获取所需关键性资源进行标准创新的重要途径。目前学术界关于技术标准联盟的研究并不多,相关研究主要围绕联盟特性、动因和其与绩效之间的关系展开讨论,研究视角较为单一,尚未有结合人际关系技能探究企业在创新战略中如何有效实施技术标准联盟行为的研究。基于社会网络、高层梯队理论和结构-行为-绩效研究范式,将技术标准联盟行为、高管团队人际关系技能引入企业创新网络与技术创新绩效的关系机制中,构建以技术标准联盟行为为中介变量、高管团队人际关系技能为调节变量的有调节的中介模型。通过对熟悉技术创新和市场竞争环境的中高层管理者的问卷调查,收集来自北京、广东和浙江等11个省市的电子与通信设备、汽车及轨道交通设备和生物制药等制造企业的366份有效问卷,运用Spss 21.0和Amos 24.0对理论模型进行检验分析。研究结果表明,企业创新网络对技术标准联盟行为具有显著的正向影响,技术标准联盟行为在企业创新网络与技术创新绩效之间起部分中介作用,高管团队人际关系技能在企业创新网络与技术标准联盟行为之间起正向的调节作用,企业创新网络与高管团队人际关系技能的交互作用通过技术标准联盟行为间接影响技术创新绩效。通过探究技术标准联盟行为的中介作用,丰富了企业创新网络与技术创新绩效关系路径的理论认识,拓展了技术标准联盟在创新领域的研究;引入高管团队人际关系技能作为影响因素进行分析,深化了人际关系技能与创新网络和技术标准联盟行为的微观研究。研究结果有助于指导企业如何通过创新网络、技术标准联盟和人际关系技能提高企业技术创新绩效。     

高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响

"培养和开发与战略导向匹配的高层管理者"一直是战略管理与人力资源管理领域共同关注的重要问题。本文基于权变理论,系统分析了高管胜任特征与战略导向的匹配对企业绩效的影响。研究结果显示:第一,成本导向型、创新导向型和质量导向型3种战略导向类型在我国企业确实存在,且不同类型的战略导向对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中创新导向型企业与质量导向型企业都比成本导向型企业具有较高的财务绩效和人力资源绩效。第二,单维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,其中战略意识对各战略导向型企业的绩效均有显著影响,组织建设能力对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的绩效有显著影响,品质素养对质量导向型企业的绩效和创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响,而洞察力仅对质量导向型与创新导向型企业的人力资源绩效有显著影响。第三,多维度高管胜任特征与不同战略导向匹配对企业绩效有差异性影响,高管战略意识与成本导向型和质量导向型企业匹配,高管战略意识和组织建设能力与创新导向型企业匹配。基于此,本文对研究结果进行了讨论,并对单维和多维高管胜任特征与战略导向匹配对企业绩效影响的差异进行了拓展分析,同时给出了研究结果的管理启示。通过研究,旨在丰富与扩展高管胜任特征、战略导向与企业绩效之间匹配关系的研究,为理解与解释中国企业的战略决策提供了理论依据与实证支持。     

技术管理能力对企业绩效的影响:基于TLC的实证研究

在分析技术管理能力对企业绩效的作用机理以及技术生命周期对技术管理影响的基础上,通过对5l家企业的问卷调查,在不同技术生命周期阶段对企业技术管理能力和企业绩效的关系进行了实证研究.研究表明,不同技术生命周期阶段,企业技术管理对企业绩效的影响程度不同;在每一个阶段中,技术管理能力都比技术能力更为显著地影响企业绩效.研究结果对加强我国企业技术管理能力、增强企业竞争力提供了理论参考和实践借鉴.     

浅谈绩效考核与绩效管理

绩效考核跟绩效管理并不等同，两者之间有很大区别。事实上，绩效考核仅是绩效管理的一个链条，它与绩效计划、绩效沟通、绩效反馈、绩效改进等环节构成一个完整的绩效管理过程。在企业的管理实践中，我们要认清两者之间的不同，真正将绩效考核转化为绩效管理，以提高企业的整体绩效。     

人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的实证研究——组织学习视角的分析

本文从组织学习角度分析了人力资源管理对企业绩效的作用,并且检验了组织学习导向的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.对130家企业的数据分析表明,不同维度的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明人力资源管理可以通过推动企业的组织学习而获得竞争优势.     

人力资源管理与组织绩效实证研究

论文从我国企业人力资源管理现状出发,结合相关理论,采用问卷设计和调查,对人力资源管理与组织绩效展开实证研究.论文研究发现在我国背景下,企业人力资源管理与组织绩效具有相关性,而不同的人力资源管理活动对不同分类的组织绩效指标的影响不同.同时,一些人力资源管理活动对不同分类的组织绩效指标还具有因果关系.论文研究提出我国企业在需要增强认识人力资源管理战略意义的同时,需要进一步改进和提高人力资源管理水平,以促使企业的可持续发展.     

A Review of Political Skill: Current Research Trend and Directions for Future Research

This paper reviews theoretical and empirical research on the use of political skill in organizations and proposes some agendas for future research. Although political skill is a relatively new construct in organizational politics research, a large number of theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted. Five major themes were identified in previous research. These are: (a) definition and measurement of political skill; (b) political skill and stress management; (c) political skill and career success; (d) political skill and individual performance; and (e) political skill and leadership effectiveness. This review critically examines previous empirical studies in light of this theoretical background and points out that, although previous empirical studies support the theoretically assumed effects of political skills, they fail to confirm how and why these skills bring about these effects. Based on this examination, the author suggests the examination of mediators and dimensional differences derived from theory that can lead to more effective exploration of the impact of political skill. In addition, several issues for future research are proposed, which may provide useful insights for both literature and practice.     

The Impact of Information System Personnel Skill Discrepancies on Stakeholder Satisfaction

System development efforts depend to a large degree upon how well information systems (IS) managers, IS specialists, and IS users work together in a project team structure. Yet, these individuals frequently work under different perceptions about matters of importance to development, management, and success. This paper introduces a framework for examining IS specialists' skill requirements from a multiple‐stakeholder perspective. Derived from discrepancy theory, the framework concedes that different stakeholders hold a variable set of expectations for IS personnel skill levels as well as a perception of skills held by IS personnel. We examine differences in expectation and performance expressed by each group and describe the impact of the discrepancy on user satisfaction, career satisfaction of IS specialists, and on job performance evaluations by IS managers. Results confirm that a discrepancy between an IS specialist's expectations of skill and their perceived skill self‐proficiency impacts career satisfaction. Similar relations hold for IS managers and users. Since different stakeholders may hold different perceptions, satisfaction of all parties becomes problematic unless a common frame of reference can be determined.     

Utilizing fuzzy compatibility of skill sets for team selection in multi-phase projects

In this paper, a model is developed for the selection of personnel for a multiple phase project which takes into account the match between the skills possessed by each individual, the skills needed for each phase, and rather flexible budget considerations. The algorithm uses the fuzzy construct of compatibility to measure the fit of a person’s skill set to the goal set for each project phase. Based on the individual fuzzy compatibility measures, the team is formed from combined levels of compatibility and acceptable levels of quality defined for the goal set. 1 and 2 present the background information necessary to an understanding of project management phases and compatibility of skills. The development of the model and subsequent algorithm in 3 and 4, respectively rely on fuzzy measures of compatibility. Finally, an application is presented in Section 4 with conclusions stated in Section 5.     

The importance of practical export skills: some evidence from Canadian agribusiness

This paper compares the practical export skills needed by Canadian Agribusiness for sales to the U.S. with those for Overseas markets. Seventy skills in global entrepreneurship, international marketing, international finance, and international trade logistics were ranked and used to gauge the influence of export market on practical international trade skills. The findings show that practical export skill requirements vary substantially by firm and export market. Generally, basic management, marketing, finance, and shipping skills are most important to successful agri-product exporting. Advanced skills in strategic management, export marketing, and export finance are not important to most exporters. Instead, most Canadian agribusiness exporters consider the ability to use international trade specialists to be a key export skill.     

Skill Management in Large‐Scale Service Marketplaces

Large‐scale, web‐based service marketplaces have recently emerged as a new resource for customers who need quick resolutions for their short‐term problems. Due to the temporary nature of the relations between customers and service providers (agents) in these marketplaces, customers may not have an opportunity to assess the ability of an agent before their service completion. On the other hand, the moderating firm has a more sustained relationship with agents, and thus it can provide customers with more information about the abilities of agents through skill screening mechanisms. In this study, we consider a marketplace where the moderating firm can run two skills tests on agents to assess if their skills are above certain thresholds. Our main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of skill screening as a revenue maximization tool. We, specifically, analyze how much benefit the firm obtains after each additional skill test. We find that skill screening leads to negligible revenue improvements in marketplaces where agent skills are highly compatible and the average service times are similar for all customers. As the compatibility of agent skills weakens or the customers start to vary in their processing time needs, we show that the firm starts to experience sizable improvements in revenue from skill screening. Apparently, the firm can reap the most of these substantial benefits when it runs only one test. For instance, in marketplaces where agents posses uncorrelated skills, the second skill test only brings an additional 2% improvement in revenue. Accounting for possible skill screening costs, we then show the optimality of offering only one test when the compatibility between agent skills is sufficiently low. The results of this study also have important implications in terms of the right level of intervention in the marketplaces we study.     

Green supply management and performance: a resource-based view

Abstract

This study develops and empirically tests, from the resource-based perspective, a conceptual framework linking green supply management and performance. The proposed model is tested using data from a sample of 126 automotive manufactures in China. The results suggest that both green purchasing personnel and green supplier selection have a significant positive effect on green supplier collaboration, and that building green collaboration with suppliers is significantly and positively related to both environmental and operational performance. Accordingly, knowledge and skill development of the purchasing function can be recognised as an important resource in building green supply capabilities and performance.     

Assessing Barriers to Effective Caseload Management by Practicing Behavior Analysts

ABSTRACT

In the past ten years, insurance funding has become a primary source of payment for applied behavior analytic services for individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The increased accessibility of funding has come with constraints which can make caseload management complex and difficult for clinicians. The Caseload Management Support System (CMSS) was developed to assess the barriers that might contribute to difficulties in managing a reasonable caseload. The CMSS samples areas such as time management, geographic distribution of caseload, and match of clinical skills to client needs. The CMSS was conducted as an interview with the supervisors of 12 clinicians who were consistently struggling to manage their duties and with the supervisors of 12 high performing clinicians who met the criteria for performance-based pay based on excellent caseload management. The profiles and total scores of the groups differed significantly with the greatest differences observed in the areas of time management, information and understanding of funder constraints, and understanding of consequences. A multiple regression analysis indicated that 89% of a clinician’s performance can be explained by the total area average score on the CMSS. The Information and Understanding and Consequences areas are most strongly correlated with clinician performance, explaining 86% of the variance between high and low performers.     

The role of culture in technology management research: National Character and Cultural Distance frameworks

Management research exploring the role of national culture on topics such as management style, strategy, and firm performance can broadly be divided into two categories. Studies that attempt to compare and contrast the impact of culture on organizations in different cultures have been labeled as “National Character” studies. These studies attempt to determine how specific cultural attributes affect actions, strategies and performance. The second type of culture study focuses on the interactions between two firms embedded in different national cultures. These studies look at the impact of “Cultural Distance” on the ability of organizations to successfully interact. It is this latter area which is becoming increasingly important to technology management in the “Flat World” of the 21st Century. Research propositions for technology management for each of the two frameworks are developed.     

A Note on Interpersonal and Communication Skills for IS Professionals: Evidence of Positive Influence

A recent article by Byrd and Turner (2001) reported that interpersonal skills on the part of information systems personnel had a negative influence on the success of systems as measured by competitive advantage. Several reasons were forwarded to account for this unexpected result, including lack of richness in the measure of these skills, the use of strategic success measures, the true complexity of interpersonal relations within an organization, and the sample of CIOs who may have a bias in favor of technical skills. We address these concerns by incorporating a set of communication skills into the interpersonal skills set, sampling users for a different set of stakeholders, and employing a more complex model based on theories of expectation. The results indicate that the impacts of interpersonal skills on system success is not a simple function of the perceived level of the IS staff's skill proficiency but is also determined by the understood expectations of skill requirements.     

International Joint Ventures: Partnering Skills and Cross-Cultural Issues

Cooperative activity has become an important element of strategic behaviour and, with increasing globalisation, many alliances are being formed across national boundaries, with the attendant challenges of surmounting linguistic and other cultural barriers. This article provides new perspectives on the partnering skills needed for success in such international joint ventures (IJVs). Based on the analysis of 60 personal interviews from a sample of 20 Anglo-European JVs, four categories of skills are analysed: inter-partner skills, managing the IJV managers, the “upward management” skills of IJV managers managing the ‘parent’ partners, and those of managing the IJV itself. The article presents a matrix to examine the four categories of skill in the context in which each are used. Serving both as an analytical device and a diagnostic tool, this matrix offers results that have important implications for the management of IJVs with regard to the selection and training of managers and the inculcation of the skills required for each level of operation.