北京市高学历青年流动人口社会生活压力与工作压力相关研究

本文在文献分析基础上,以高学历青年北漂为研究对象,研究其工作压力与社会生活压力之间的相关性。结论如下:社会生活压力与外源性压力显著相关;工作挑战倾向与内源性压力显著相关。     

管理人员工作压力源及其影响--国有企业与私营企业的比较

本文探讨了现阶段中国国有企业和私营企业管理人员的工作压力源的现状和特征,并对管理人员工作压力源与工作满意度进行了相关分析。研究结果显示,两类企业管理人员的工作压力源各自呈现出二维模式:国有企业为组织结构与倾向—工作条件和要求,而私营企业则为职业发展—组织中的角色。而且,影响国有企业管理人员工作满意度的工作压力源是“组织的结构与倾向”和“工作条件和要求”两因素;影响私营企业管理人员工作满意度的工作压力源是“职业发展”和“组织中的角色”。其他的工作压力源对目前中国国有与私营企业管理人员不产生压力感。     

内源性和外源性时间压力对员工创新行为的影响

本文以34家企业的60名主管和366名员工为研究对象,讨论内源性和外源性时间压力对员工创新行为的影响,并探讨心理距离的中介作用和敌意归因偏差的调节作用。研究结果表明:内源性时间压力正向影响员工创新行为,外源性时间压力负向影响员工创新行为;心理距离中介了时间压力和员工创新行为之间的关系;敌意归因偏差调节了外源性时间压力与心理距离之间的关系,并调节了外源性时间压力通过心理距离影响员工创新行为的间接效应,但对内源性时间压力和心理距离以及员工创新行为之间关系的调节效应不显著。本文从调节员工时间压力、重视员工与组织间心理距离和有效利用敌意归因偏差三方面提出相应的管理建议。     

挑战-阻碍性压力源与工作投入和满意度的关系

工作压力一直受到实践者和研究者关注,是组织行为和人力资源管理等学科研究的重要问题.以中国企业员工为样本,采用探索性和验证性因子分析法对挑战性压力源和阻碍性压力源的二维结构观点进行检验,运用层级回归分析方法分析这两类压力源与员工工作投入和整体工作满意度的关系.研究结果表明,压力源的二维结构同样适合于中国企业员工样本,并不是所有的压力源都会带来消极影响,挑战性压力源与员工的工作投入和整体工作满意度显著正相关,而阻碍性压力源与员工工作投入和整体满意度显著负相关.最后对研究结果和未来研究方向进行讨论和说明,该结果不仅在一定程度上丰富了压力管理研究内容,也为企业的管理实践提供指导思想.     

信息性与控制性:工作压力源的性质研究

本研究在自我决定理论(self-determination theory,SDT)的框架指导下,对264名企业员工所感受的压力源的性质进行了分析.结果发现,根据作用方式或者个体评价方式的不同,同一个压力源可以再分为信息性或控制性;信息性压力源所产生的压力感受显著地低于控制性的压力源所产生的压力感受;人际与角色压力、工作特征压力、组织结构和氛围压力均可以再分为信息性与控制性,两种性质的压力源产生的压力感受均存在显著性的差异;对不同代际的员工而言,两种性质的压力源所产生的压力感受存在显著性的差异.研究结论启发管理者应关注员工对压力源的个人评价,同时注意不同年龄的员工所感受到的压力特点,在压力源无法改变的前提下,为员工创造信息性的环境,可以显著缓解员工的压力感受.     

高层管理者的工作压力、社会支持及二者关系研究

本研究编制了“经理人工作压力源”量表,并以此对全国21个省的303名高层管理者进行了调查。结果表明,该量表具有良好的信度和效度;高层管理者各类工作压力总体上均处于“轻度”和“中度”之间,位居前两位的是“企业发展”和“下属滞后”;高层管理者的社会支持系统呈现出“支持系统良好,但利用程度较低”的特点;年龄、学历、所有制性质对工作压力和社会支持均有显著的主效应,民营企业、低学历者、中青年高层管理者是工作压力最大的亚群体;“支持利用”能够显著缓解各类工作压力,它和主观支持均对工作压力有显著的直接效应,而组织支持和客观支持则对工作压力仅具有间接效应。     

工作压力管理研究综述

压力是常见的社会心理现象,各领域的学者从不同角度都进行工作压力方面的研究。在当今快节奏的工作世界里,这种心理反应常常会失去控制,不但严重影响员工的工作效率、扰乱员工内心的平静,而且还会损害员工的身体健康。对员工工作压力源的深度认识与了解是寻求有效压力管理方法的基础和前提,本文旨在通过对以往压力管理的研究成果进行整理与简单分析,为工作压力管理者提供借鉴。     

基于人际关系压力源视角的领导干部压力管理探析

<正>领导干部作为一个特殊且非常重要的角色群体,面临着多重压力源,如工作负荷压力源、竞争加剧压力源、人际关系压力源、机制滞后压力源以及来自社会舆论、社会监督、社会评价等方面的无形压力源等。在这些压力源中,人际关系压力源的问题显得比较突出。所谓人际关系压力源,顾名思义,即指在处理人际关系方面所带来的心理压力。在现实生活中,许多领导干部感叹:"现在做官太累。有时候并不是因为工作有多忙,而是各种人际关系太复杂,处理起来太伤脑筋。"人是社会     

管理人员工作压力与工作效率的影响研究——以国有企业与民营企业为例

本文对我国国有与民营企业管理人员工作压力对工作效率的影响进行了研究。结果显示,民营企业管理人员工作压力对工作效率的影响值明显高于国有企业管理人员。通过对两类企业管理人员工作压力对工作效率影响比较发现,国有企业管理人员由于工作压力较低,从而导致工作效率也较低;民营企业管理人员工作压力较高,而且带来的工作效率也较高。进一步研究发现,民营企业管理人员的工作压力相对于国有企业管理人员来说比较高,但是也没有达到“临界值”,从而使管理人员工作效率没有得到最大程度的发挥。因此,在目前的状况下,为了提高管理人员的工作效率,两类企业完全有增加其工作压力的必要。     

高压力工作情境下伦理型领导提升员工工作绩效和满意感的过程机制研究

本研究基于资源保存理论,旨在探讨高压力工作情境下,伦理型领导影响员工工作绩效和满意感的过程机制。研究采用两轮问卷调查的方式,以来自40个媒体节目团队的152名媒体从业人员作为研究对象。研究结果显示:(1)伦理型领导能够显著减少员工的挑战性和阻断性压力源;(2)挑战性和阻断性压力源对伦理型领导与心理授权、压力感知、公正感知间关系起到显著的中介效应;(3)心理授权、压力感知和公正感知对挑战性和阻断性压力源与员工工作绩效和满意度间关系起到显著的中介效应。文章最后讨论了本研究的理论意义和实践启示。     

The differential role of job demands in relation to nonwork domain outcomes based on the challenge-hindrance framework

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to meta-analytically test a novel theoretical model examining a dual stressor and dual process model relating demands in the work domain to outcomes in the nonwork domain. The foundation for this model rested upon the challenge-hindrance framework and the role depletion and role enhancement perspectives derived from role theory as applied to the work-nonwork interface. The results show mixed support for the proposed model. In line with the challenge-hindrance framework the effects of challenge stressors were less detrimental than hindrance stressors. However, contrary to what has been reported for work domain outcomes, the net effect of both challenges and hindrances on nonwork domain outcomes was negative. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

Identifying the causes of nurses' stress: A survey of New Zealand nurses

Abstract

A nationwide survey of 2500 general and obstetric nurses identified five potential sources of stress. These included work overload, difficulties relating to other staff, the difficulties involved in nursing the critically ill, concerns over the treatment of patients, and dealing with difficulty or helplessly ill patients. These findings support earlier work which suggested that a number of stressful situations are commonly encountered by all nurses. In terms of intervention strategies these results point to a number of important issues which are discussed in this paper. They include the difficulties and conflicts inherent in the nurses' role, the multidimensional nature of the different stressors, aspects of the work environment which give rise to different stressors and the relationship between stressors.     

New Zealand ministers of religion: Identifying sources of stress and coping strategies

Because the primary focus in occupational stress research has been on refining our understanding of the relationship between stressors and stress responses, relatively few attempts have been made to examine the nature and structure of the different constructs involved in that relationship. One reason for this has been die apparent acceptance that current measures adequately describe work role stressors or that constructs such as coping can be researched by simply selecting and devising measures on an a priori basis. This paper considers the stressors reported by ministers of religion in New Zealand and the strategies may use to cope with those problems. The results draw attention to die fact that while existing scales provide a good measure of general perceptions they are not useful or designed for evaluating specific role relationships or their nature and structure. The implications of these findings arc discussed in terms of measurement issues and future research.     

Negative affectivity and gender as moderators of the relationship between work-related stressors and depressed mood at work

The present study provided further evidence on the role of negative affectivity (NA) and gender as moderators of stressor-strain relations. Based on theoretical and empirical research, it was hypothesized that the moderating effects of NA would moderate the relationship between stressors (role ambiguity, workload, role conflict and interpersonal conflict) and work-related depression. Questionnaires were returned form 442 subjects of whom 74% were recruited from external degree courses and the rest were full-time employees. Results revealed significant three-way interactions for two of the four stressors (workload and role ambiguity) in predicting work-related depression. NA moderated the relationship between these stressors and work-related depression for females but not for males. These effects were modest, however. No significant interactions were found for role conflict and interpersonal conflict. The implications of these results are discssed.     

The recovery paradox: Portraying the complex interplay between job stressors,lack of recovery,and poor well-being

Job stressors such as time pressure, organizational constraints, and interpersonal conflicts matter for individual well-being within organizations, both at the day level and over longer periods of time. Recovery-enhancing processes such as psychological detachment from work during nonwork time, physical exercise, and sleep have the potential to protect well-being. Although the experience of job stressors calls for effective recovery processes, empirical research shows that recovery processes actually are impaired when job stressors are high (recovery paradox). This article presents explanations for the recovery paradox, discusses moderating factors, and suggests avenues for future research.     

The relationship between newcomer expectations of job stressors and adjustment to the new job

This study examined the relationship between unrealistic expectations of organizational newcomers regarding job stressors and subsequent adjustment to the new job. Using a sample of 91 new employees, measures of expected stressors (gathered prior to the first day of work) were compared with stressors reported after six months on the job. The study examined the relationship between the accuracy of expected stressors (demands) and three indicators of job adjustment: job satisfaction; job involvement; and distress symptoms. The results provided partial support for the hypothesis that newcomers who underestimate job stressors have more difficulty adjusting on the new job than do newcomers who overestimate job stressors.     

Charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour: examining the role of stressors and strain

This study analyses the impact of followers' stress on the relationship between charismatic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). Stressors are distinguished as the objective component of work-stress, and strain as the subjective component of work-stress. It is assumed that stressors will moderate the relationship between charismatic leadership and OCB (Hypothesis 1). In addition, it is hypothesized that followers' strain will mediate the relationship between charismatic leadership and OCB (Hypothesis 2). Results from a study interviewing 142 nurses from three German hospitals confirmed the second hypothesis: followers' strain fully mediated the relationship between charismatic leadership and followers' OCB.     

Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments

In assessing environmental health risks, the risk characterization step synthesizes information gathered in evaluating exposures to stressors together with dose–response relationships, characteristics of the exposed population, and external environmental conditions. This article summarizes key steps of a cumulative risk assessment (CRA) followed by a discussion of considerations for characterizing cumulative risks. Cumulative risk characterizations differ considerably from single chemical‐ or single source‐based risk characterization. CRAs typically focus on a specific population instead of a pollutant or pollutant source and should include an evaluation of all relevant sources contributing to the exposures in the population and other factors that influence dose–response relationships. Second, CRAs may include influential environmental and population‐specific conditions, involving multiple chemical and nonchemical stressors. Third, a CRA could examine multiple health effects, reflecting joint toxicity and the potential for toxicological interactions. Fourth, the complexities often necessitate simplifying methods, including judgment‐based and semi‐quantitative indices that collapse disparate data into numerical scores. Fifth, because of the higher dimensionality and potentially large number of interactions, information needed to quantify risk is typically incomplete, necessitating an uncertainty analysis. Three approaches that could be used for characterizing risks in a CRA are presented: the multiroute hazard index, stressor grouping by exposure and toxicity, and indices for screening multiple factors and conditions. Other key roles of the risk characterization in CRAs are also described, mainly the translational aspect of including a characterization summary for lay readers (in addition to the technical analysis), and placing the results in the context of the likely risk‐based decisions.     

Occupational overuse syndrome and the effects of psychosocial stressors on keyboard users in the newspaper industry

There is continuing concern about the incidence of occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) among workers using keyboards. Following results from research showing positive correlations between psychosocial factors in the workplace and the incidence of OOS symptoms, it was hypothesizcd that differences in rates of pain reporting by keyboard workers are related to job stress caused by different levels in thc quality of the psychosocial work environment. An interaction between autonomy and the impact of work pressure on pain reporting was also predicted. Data were used from a sample of 550 keyboard users in several different types of job, working in eight different newspaper offices of the same newspaper company. The results confirmed the hypotheses. Post hoc analysis showed that there were important differences between the types of stressors that predicted the reporting of pain between offices, and those that predicted pain reporting between types of job. These results confirm the importance of considering psychosocial factors in work and workplace design in connection with the prevention of OOS. Conclusions are also drawn about the situation specificity of such empirical research, and the need for more theoretical work in the search for the aetiology of OOS.