新生代农民工性状况研究——基于绵阳市的调查分析

通过对绵阳市农民工的调查分析发现,农民工获取性知识主动性不强、主要通过网络媒体获取性知识、性病传播和避孕知识不足：对于婚前、婚外性行为、第一次性行为对象和可以发生性行为的情形等方面持较为开放的态度,不少人认为夫妻性方面出现问题是婚姻破裂的主要原因之一：少部分人在性需求较为强烈．由于长期性压抑导致其身心受到影响。通过性别对以上方面进行相关分析发现,男性农民工比女性农民工更倾向于：通过网络媒体途径获取性知识,选择安全期避孕,双方自愿即可发生性关系,恋爱次数更多,性压抑时难以入眠、头疼、精力减退、幻想性犯罪。     

Olivia Pope: a black post-feminist subject? Analyzing Scandal’s intersecting post-feminist and colorblind discourses

Previous analyses of Scandal have focused on how colorblind discourse in the series influences the representation of lead character Olivia Pope’s Blackness. Less has been written about how dominant discourses of race and gender intersect in the series. Correspondingly, post-feminist scholarship has overwhelmingly concentrated on discourses of gender in depictions of white women. This article seeks to bridge the gaps between scholarship on representations of race and gender on television. Situating Scandal within the context of post-feminist and colorblind discourses of gender and race that have been prominent on mainstream television since the early 2000s, this article takes an intersectional approach to interrogate how Olivia Pope, a Black woman, is incorporated into post-feminist discourse. Rhetorical analyses of episodes of Scandal’s seasons 1 through 5 uncover how colorblind and post-feminist discourses provide at their junction a restricted space for a Black post-feminist subject. Olivia Pope’s post-feminist characterization comes at the expense of obfuscating how her Blackness affects her identity as a woman, and effectively “posts” her Black womanhood. The visibility of the Black post-feminist subject in colorblind post-feminism is thus paradoxically contingent on the concurrent invisibility of Black women’s experiences and Black feminist concerns.     

Intersectionality in the Lives of LGBTQ Youth: Identifying as LGBTQ and Finding Community in Small Cities and Rural Towns

This article presents an analysis of the views of younger bisexual and lesbian women and transgender youth living in a western Canadian small city on their sexual and gender identities. Data were collected through focus groups and interviews and analyzed thematically through an intersectional lens. The purposive sample was composed of 13 youth who identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or queer (LGBTQ) and whose average age was 19.8 years. The analytical themes of (1) living in a small town, (2) identifying and being identified, and (3) talking intersectionality indicate that the sexual identities and gender identities and expressions of LGBTQ youth change across time and context and are impacted by often overlooked factors including faith, Indigenous ancestry, disability, and class. Further, the size and character of the community significantly impacts LGBTQ youth identity development and expression. This research demonstrates the uniqueness of individual youth’s experiences—opposing notions of milestone events as singularly important in queer youth identity development.     

Visibility and denial: accounts of sexual violence in race- and gender-specific magazines

Prior research on media representations of race, gender, and sexual violence has established that media emphasize women’s role in preventing their own victimization and omit Black women as victims. This study uses feminist intersectionality to build on prior research by investigating not only how social groups are portrayed, but whether and how the intended audience matters for media representations. Specifically, who are the portrayed victims of sexual violence, and how is fear of sexual violence communicated to different audiences? Content analysis of articles in race- and gender-specific magazines shows two key mechanisms of representation through which racism and sexism work together: visibility and denial. Results show that White women are hypervisible as victims while Black women as victims are relatively invisible compared to Black men’s persecution and Black children’s victimization; men’s magazines deny the importance of sexual violence as a problem, focusing on false accusations and convictions. These narratives go largely unchallenged regardless of the source’s intended audience, demonstrating that portrayals of sexual violence are both gendered and racialized across multiple media sources.     

Feminine or feminist? Women’s media leadership

This paper presents a small-scale qualitative case study of five women’s experiences of leadership roles in Irish media industries. Relational Leadership Theory is used to examine whether there is a gendered dimension to women’s leadership and to explore why women’s participation in leadership has not resulted in significant feminist gains or changes to media organisations. The article finds that: the women saw their leadership as relational and simultaneously as socially constructed in a gendered manner. Moreover, the women led organisational change towards greater gender equality in the norms of media work. However, while the women’s leadership was relational and feminine, it was not necessarily feminist; it did not aim to generate systemic changes within the gendering of the media as an institution. The changes that the women wrought incorporated women into a system of production that remained nonetheless masculinist.     

Cougars or kittens? The representation of celebrity cougars and their toyboys in gossip media

Abstract

Relationships involving a woman who is much older than her male partner have become increasingly visible in popular culture. These women are referred to as “cougars” and their partners as “toyboys.” This type of relationship has the potential to undermine elements of heteronormativity and intersectional gender/age performances, as women who are past their forties are not expected to engage in sexual relationships with (younger) men. The present study discusses the discourse found in Dutch gossip media (n = 138) on the relationships of preselected celebrity “cougars:” Demi Moore, Madonna, Patricia Paay, and Heleen van Royen. A qualitative content analysis reveals that certain aspects of heteronormativity are challenged: these women are depicted as financially and sexually empowered, whereas their partners are seen as interchangeable male suitors who are dependent on the female partner’s (financial/career) achievements. Yet, traditional understandings of intersectional performances (i.e., gender/age) are also found: a wise, caring mother, and a handsome, boyish, adventurous partner. Overall, these women are seen as both maintaining and challenging traditional roles that are typically associated with older women.     

Producing mobility: visual narratives of the rural migrant worker in Chinese television

This paper employs literatures of mobility to explore the ways which rural migrant workers in China are represented publicly via television drama. Through an analysis of the popular serial Mingong, the paper examines the underlying politics of contemporary migration in China through three themes: the territorialisation of rural and urban spaces; the embodiment of boundaries via corporeal practices and subjectivities; and the politicisation of rural migrant desires. This analysis demonstrates the significance of television in crafting discursive understandings of mobility and migrants that are suffused with contemporary governmentalities of generating but also managing and excluding migration.     

新生代农民工市民化意愿的影响因素分析——基于广东省三市的调查

通过对广州、深圳、东莞三市外出务工人员的调查数据,运用理性选择理论,分析了新生代农民工市民化意愿及其影响因素。结果发现,年龄、性别、受教育程度和月收入都对新生代农民工的市民化意愿产生了影响;是否在城市购买住房、城市融入感和自我身份认同也影响了新生代农民工的市民化决策;购买城市社会保险显著提高市民化意愿。而务农经历、婚姻状况和是否获得技术等级证书则未对其市民化意愿产生影响。     

Mad/Fat/Diary: exploring contemporary feminist thought through My Mad Fat Diary

My Mad Fat Diary profiles young people falling in and out of love, fighting with their parents, experimenting with drugs and alcohol, and testing limits. Yet the show offers a fresh look at tired tropes by ignoring dramatic conventions that suggest that ugly truths or non-normative bodies should remain out of view and instead sheds light on ignored, but common, teen experiences and identities. In doing so, this television program engages with complex feminist concepts such as intersectionality and narrative instability and renders these concepts intelligible to audiences with varying degrees of theoretical familiarity. This analysis considers how My Mad Fat Diary explores complex feminist concepts and identities. In particular, the show considers the ways that both fat and madness can be viewed as identities which are often stigmatized, but which may also morph into sites of pride through body acceptance work, aligned with fat activism, and a rejection of sanist discourses, in line with emergent work in the field of mad studies. In both its intersectional presentation of teenage experiences and identities and the multifaceted nuances of truth-telling and narrative arc, the show portrays an instance of contemporary feminist grappling with embodied identity, sanity, and complicated and intersected subjectivities.     

外来务工人员工作搜寻时间代际差异分析——兼论对收入的影响

本文利用持续期模型分析了外来务工人员“再次流动”的工作搜寻时间的代际差异，同时进一步分析了工作搜寻时间对外来务工人员流动后的工资的影响。本文发现，老一代外来务工人员“再次流动”的工作搜寻时间整体高于新生代外来务工人员。老一代外来务工人员中，女性的工作搜寻时间高于男性，而在新生代外来务工人员中。男性的工作搜寻时间高于女性。但工作搜寻时间的延长并没有增加新生代外来务工人员的工资水平。但对老一代外来务工人员的工资变动存在倒U型的影响。     

生命历程视角下农民工留城与返乡意愿研究——基于重庆和珠三角地区的调查

本研究从生命历程的视角出发,利用2010年"农民工社会适应问题研究"课题组在重庆和珠三角地区所收集的调查数据,分析了影响农民工留城与返乡意愿的影响因素。研究发现,除了个体的能动性如教育程度和收入水平会影响其留城意愿外,与生命历程相关的出生组效应、家庭所处的生命周期以及一定的空间效应都会影响农民工的留城和返乡意愿,另外,性别因素也会导致其留城意愿的差异,文化方面的适应也会极大地影响农民工的留城意愿。     

论农民工身份认同及其影响因素——对武汉市杨园社区餐饮服务员的调查分析

基于时空情境变化的背景,结合对武汉市杨园社区餐饮业农民工的566份调查问卷分析,从农民工主体角度探讨他们对农民这一强制性身份的认同程度及其影响因素。研究发现,较大比例的农民工对农民身份呈模糊认同的状态。在控制其他变量后,入城前居留意愿、大众传媒接触程度、在城从事职业数、月收入满意度、家庭支持外出务工程度、务农时间等6个变量最终影响着农民工身份认同。城市体验、进城期望、乡土记忆对农民工身份认同起着独自、不可替代的作用,且由大到小影响着农民工身份认同。     

Whose sexuality is it anyway? Women’s experiences of viewing lesbians on screen

While critical analyses of media representations of lesbians continue to grow, less attention is paid to audience responses to those representations. This paper explores women’s experiences of viewing lesbians on screen, analysing qualitative data from focus groups with audiences of a women-only film season screened in a UK cinema: “Lesbians on Screen: How Far Have We Come?” We consider how the internalisation of the “male gaze” complicates some women’s viewing of lesbian characters and how women attempt to challenge and resist that gaze through their viewing practices and strategies. We discuss audience creativity in re-signifying representations of women, as well as other strategies including choosing to view privately or in women-only spaces. These acts of resistance disrupt the dominance of the male gaze, patriarchal cinema spaces, and reception of images on screen. By examining women’s reflections on the experience of being in a women-only audience, a unique cinema space that “felt free” of conventional constraints of heteronormativity and patriarchy, this paper also examines how the gendered cinema space affects audience experiences.     

Creating a Monster

The United States Democratic primary campaign of 2007–8 witnessed widespread misogynistic and anti-feminist portrayals of Senator Hillary Clinton across all types of media. In particular, Clinton was regularly depicted as monstrous and/or cyborgian, collapsing the boundaries between male and female, human and animal, and organism and machine. Such portrayals indicate a gender crisis in contemporary American culture which intensifies when women attempt to enter positions of power in the public arena. Research has shown that television, radio and print media coverage of American political candidates has consistently relied on gender stereotypes that undermine the campaigns of women politicians. However, portrayals of female candidates in online media remain largely unexplored. This paper discusses the implications of online media for women's political campaigns and for the democratic process itself. Through an analysis of digital imagery, I argue that simulations of Clinton circulating on the Internet during the primaries sought to produce a political reality in which Clinton's bid for the White House could be rendered improper and unnatural. In so doing, I suggest the continuing potential of online media to produce detrimental representations of female politicians.     

“Come for the period comics. Stay for the cultural awareness”: reclaiming the troll identity through feminist humor on Reddit’s /r/TrollXChromosomes

/r/TrollXChromosomes is a women-focused humor subreddit on the community site Reddit.com. This essay presents the findings of a thematic content analysis of TrollX’s top-ranked postings. Several themes emerge: that TrollX is a space for networked affective content, that postings often concern women’s embodiment and sexuality, and that they suggest feminist perspectives. These themes are all linked by the image of the troll: a remixed version of the negative, antisocial identity that disrupts and often harasses communities. The TrollX troll invokes a spirit of self-deprecation to revel in the absurdities of life and collectively celebrate women’s everyday experiences. However, this research also argues that the TrollX version of the feminist troll is only partially realized, as it tends to express ambivalence in regards to systemic, intersectional oppression.     

新生代农民工市民化现状及影响因素分析

新生代农民工市民化是十二五时期推进我国城镇化发展的重要方面。首先,在已有研究的基础上,通过建立一个包括8个二级指标和9个三级指标的市民化水平分析指数,并利用等权重的办法对每个指标赋予相同的权重,复合出新生代农民工市民化水平这一变量,并计算出目前我国的新生代农民工处于中市民化阶段;进而对影响新生代农民工市民化水平的微观因素进行了探讨。回归结果表明,新生代农民工的性别、年龄、是否具有务农经验、是否是独生子女对于市民化水平有显著的影响;而家庭因素,如打工期间是否与家人同住、父亲是否在外打工对新生代农民工的市民化水平的影响并不显著;新生代农民工主观认知层面的自评经济状况好坏以及对城市的归属感是影响其市民化水平的显著变量。     

新型城镇化进程中新生代农民工职业转换能力驱动因素

新生代农民工较之老一代农民工职业流动性更强，职业转换频率更高，其职业转换既包括横向上职业间的转换，也包括纵向上职业升级导致的职业转换。新型城镇化视角下，新生代农民工为了更好地实现城市融合，就有必要强化自身的职业转换能力。本文通过设计问卷对1350名样本进行实地调研，并运用SEM模型对新型城镇化进程中新生代农民工职业转换能力提升的驱动因素进行实证检验，结果表明，性别、年龄、受教育程度等个体因素对其职业转换能力有一定的驱动影响，职业培训与受教育经历等人力资本因素对职业转换能力有正向驱动作用，工资待遇及福利、就业机会、职业升迁、新型城镇化等外部因素对职业转换能力也呈现正向驱动作用。     

The journey of Central American women migrants: engendering the mobile commons

ABSTRACT

This article delves into the concept of the ‘mobile commons’ which is articulated within the Autonomy of Migration (AoM) approach. The AoM literature focuses on migrant agency by advocating that migrants practice ‘escape’ and ‘invisibility’. However, drawing on the stories of women migrants from the Northern Triangle of Central American (NTCA) (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras) travelling through Mexico, this article aims to engender and thereby trouble the concept of the mobile commons by questioning several taken-for-granted assumptions that are based on gender-neutral knowledge and dichotomous ways of thinking. Using women’s experiences to question the assumptions made with respect to ‘migrant knowledge’, I show that the knowledge among women migrants from the NTCA is influenced by gendered power imbalances that place women in subordinate positions. The analysis will first focus on explaining the mobile commons as a theoretical concept. Following this, I discuss how conceptualizing the mobile commons through a feminist perspective challenges the ideas of invisible knowledge and trust often integral to the ways in which the concept of the mobile commons is used. Finally, I outline the survival strategies that migrant women may use given their own knowledge of the migration context in Mexico, and reflect on what this means for the scholarly understanding of the ‘mobile commons’.     

农民工非正规就业收入影响因素分析—基于山东省的调查

农民工非正规就业成为农村剩余劳动力转移的重要途径,为了了解农民工非正规就业收入的影响因素,本文对山东省17地市的农民工进行了抽样问卷调查,通过对479份有效问卷的Logistic分析,发现务工单位所在行业、单位所有制性质、单位距离、务工者的年龄和性别显著影响农民工的务工收入,而农民工的婚姻状况、学历和是否有耕地对其收入无显著影响;调查采用描述性统计的方法进一步探讨了深层原因,进而发现农民工自身竞争力不强是最主要的影响因素。基于此,建议相关部门联合社会各界力量对农民工进行必要的职业技能培训、加快农村工业化建设、搭建和完善农民工求职信息平台,以及给与农民工其他必要的创业帮助以增加农民工收入。     

Visibility That Demystifies: Gays,Gender, and Sex on Television

A content analysis of 98 episodes of primetime entertainment programs on commercial broadcast and cable television stations from the 2005–2006 season showed that gay characters on television were more likely to be shown in sexual situations than straight characters, and women were more likely to be shown in same-sex sexual situations than men. In addition, gay characters were more likely to be depicted as sexually active on cable television than they were on commercial broadcast television, and they were more likely to be relegated to guest star status on commercial broadcast television than on cable television. The study also showed that gay characters made up 7.5% of all the characters studied. This study discusses the implications of these findings for gay and straight audiences.