地下燃气管道计算应力的分析

该文根据土体弹性等理论建立了管理应力的数学模型,并编制程序,用于分析地下燃气管道的计算应力与管道的管径、壁厚、埋深及燃气压力之间的关系     

定向穿越技术优化的探讨

该文就燃气管道定向穿越工程中,当穿越出、入点和深度确定后,如何进一步优化该技术,着重分析穿越管的实际综合应力和钻机回拖力、探讨穿越过程对不同材质管道防腐蚀层的影响以及穿越过程中对泥浆质量的控制。     

GIS在燃气管道风险评估中的应用

风险评估是燃气管道管理信息系统的重点之一。该文建立了燃气管道风险评估模型,将GIS用于埋地燃气管道风险分析中,采用GIS软件做出管道风险评估图,并指出风险评估可成为燃气行业中一种新型的管理手段。     

利用管道摩擦减阻剂进行节能

通过在燃气空调的密闭循环水系统中添加管道摩擦减阻剂,降低空调水输送系统水泵的能耗,达到节能效果。     

燃气管道抗震措施

针对地震中不同燃气管道所受破坏情况的不同,提出了室内外燃气输配管道抗震的不同措施以及管材方面的选择。     

高压天然气计量器具实标装置——德国高压天然气国家标准检测中心简介

一般的燃气计量表均采用在常压条件下进行标定,而高压燃气表应在规定的燃气管道运行条件下进行标定。根据我国目前天然气的应用和实流标定装置缺乏的现状,提出了我国必须建立多个不同级别、不同压力等级的天然气计量器具实流标定装置,并介绍了德国高压天然气国家标准检测中心的检测系统。     

城市燃气输配管道风险评价指数体系的建立

该文结合上海市燃气输配管网的特点,分析了影响其运行安全性的各种危险因素,建立了城市燃气输配管道的风险评价指数体系,为预防事故提供了依据。     

燃气闸阀壳体有限元优化设计方法

提出对燃气闸阀壳体进行有限元电算分析并经电测验证的新设计方法。该法可在设计阶段就能掌握结构位移与应力情况,改进设计,优化结构。     

城市燃气埋地钢管的防腐蚀

分析了地下燃气管道遭受腐蚀的现状及原因,提出应根据不同的管道敷设环境采用不同的管道防腐蚀方法,介绍了绝缘层防腐蚀法、电保护法及采用新材料、新技术保护法等防腐蚀技术。     

枝状燃气管道水力计算简易程序的编制

该文介绍了一个基于《城镇燃气设计规范》(GB50028—93)的燃气管道水力计算公式、利用Delphi语言编制出适用于低压和中高压枝状燃气管道的水力计算简易程序及其特点和用途。     

Emerging methods for the physiological assessment of occupational stress

Occupational stress is implicated as an etiology for a variety of diseases. Many of the etiological theories surrounding these associations incriminate some deviation of autonomic nervous system activity. New methods of analyzing cardiovascular data obtained from a Holter monitor provide a window into a worker's autonomic nervous system throughout the day, in many cases for two days. These methods allow a variety of comparisons, for example, between workers of varying job stress levels, between work days and rest days, day and night, and between high stress and low stress periods. Identifying altered autonomic nervous system activity patterns throughout the day may: 1. provide insight into the etiology of stress related pathologies; 2. allow quantification of exposure; 3. investigate possible interaction effects of different exposures; 4. lead to monitoring methods capable of identifying whether an employee's job stress is increasing his or her risk for disease.     

Work–family conflict and stress: indications of the distinctiveness of role combination stress for Belgian working mothers

Research on the relation between work-family conflict (WFC) and stress focuses either on domain/role-specific stress (e.g. work stress), which is by definition and, operationalisation attributed to the respective role, or it focuses on ‘general’ stress, which can be a too broad or too general concept to measure stress related to WFC. This study introduces the concept of ‘role combination stress’ to indicate a stress that is more specifically related to the work-family role system and WFC than general and role-specific stress. The analysis of data on 429 Flemish working mothers shows that role combination stress is indeed a distinct type of stress.     

The participatory design of a performance oriented monitoring and evaluation system in an international development environment

This article illustrates the application of the impact monitoring and evaluation process for the design and development of a performance monitoring and evaluation framework in the context of human and institutional capacity development. This participative process facilitated stakeholder ownership in several areas including the design, development, and use of a new monitoring and evaluation system, as well their targeted results and accomplishments through the use of timely performance data gathered through ongoing monitoring and evaluation. The process produced a performance indicator map, a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework, and data collection templates to promote the development, implementation, and sustainability of the monitoring and evaluation system of a farmer's trade union in an African country.     

Avenues for Future Minority Stress and Substance Use Research among Sexual and Gender Minority Populations

Sexual and gender minority individuals (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer [LGBTQ]) experience elevated rates of minority stress and associated substance use relative to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. Although the minority stress–substance use relationship is well documented, less is currently known regarding day-to-day minority stress and substance use risk processes. Rather than criticize existing literature, this review highlights future directions and advocates for the use of experience sampling methodology as a valuable research tool regarding real-time data capture. Greater utilization of this methodology is encouraged and expected to improve understanding of daily minority stress processes, and provide insight into real-time risk monitoring and intervention strategies.     

基于组态软件和可编程逻辑控制器的活毒废水处理自动监控系统

目的在满足活毒废水处理系统连续、安全、稳定的前提下,实现处理系统的自动监控。方法采用集工业控制计算机、通用监控系统（MCGS）组态软件、可编程逻辑控制器（PLC）于一体的自动监控技术。结果自动监控系统图形表现和数据处理能力及抗干扰能力强,实现了数据的集中管理、自动控制、故障检测等多方面功能。结论基于组态软件和PLC的活毒废水处理自动监控系统,具有可靠性高、维护简单等特点,为活毒废水处理系统运行的连续性、稳定性和安全性提供了保证。     

Parenting and the association between maternal criminal justice involvement and adolescent delinquency

The high rate of adult criminal justice involvement in the United States has resulted in many unintended consequences for families of offenders. Families involved with the criminal justice system are disproportionately involved with the child welfare system, and adolescents involved in both systems (i.e., dual system involvement) exhibit higher levels of delinquency. Yet, a lack of research exists on dual system involvement and the effects on youth. The current study leveraged nationally representative and longitudinal data of families involved in the child welfare system to examine whether maternal criminal justice involvement predicted increases in youth delinquency. An ecological model tested the effects of maternal justice involvement beyond cumulative risks as well as the potential buffer of parental monitoring and non-violent discipline on system involvement. Results suggested child welfare-involved youth exhibited similar levels of delinquency over time, regardless of maternal justice involvement. Although youth with maternal justice involvement reported more parental monitoring, the level of monitoring mattered more for youth without maternal justice involvement who exhibited decreased delinquency in the presence of high parental monitoring compared to low monitoring. The differential pattern of association between parental monitoring and youth delinquency for dual-system involved families suggests they are distinct and may carry implications for treatment response aimed at delinquency reduction through parent training. These findings underscore the importance of interagency coordination around policy and interventions to identify these high risk families at risk of slipping through the cracks of multiple service involvement.     

Using a participatory evaluation design to create an online data collection and monitoring system for New Mexico's Community Health Councils

We present the collaborative development of a web-based data collection and monitoring plan for thirty-two county councils within New Mexico's health council system. The monitoring plan, a key component in our multiyear participatory statewide evaluation process, was co-developed with the end users: representatives of the health councils. Guided by the Institute of Medicine's Community, Health Improvement Process framework, we first developed a logic model that delineated processes and intermediate systems-level outcomes in council development, planning, and community action. Through the online system, health councils reported data on intermediate outcomes, including policy changes and funds leveraged. The system captured data that were common across the health council system, yet was also flexible so that councils could report their unique accomplishments at the county level. A main benefit of the online system was that it provided the ability to assess intermediate, outcomes across the health council system. Developing the system was not without challenges, including creating processes to ensure participation across a large rural state; creating shared understanding of intermediate outcomes and indicators; and overcoming technological issues. Even through the challenges, however, the benefits of committing to using participatory processes far outweighed the challenges.     

Psychophysiological Reactivity in Child Sexual Abuse

Sexual abuse has physiological and emotional implications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the neurobiological sequels of childhood sexual trauma by monitoring physiological variables among sexually abused girls and women compared to controls. We assessed posttrauma and traumatic life events of 35 females sexually abused in their childhood (age range 7–51 years) and 25 control females (age range 7–54 years). Electroencephalography, frontalis electromyography, electrodermal activity, and heart rate parameters were recorded while watching sets of pictures representing neutral and trauma-suggestive stimuli. A minority of participants met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Abused females displayed significant elevations in heart rate, electromyography, and electroencephalography while viewing allusive stimuli and elevated heart rate while viewing neutral stimuli. The dysfunctional regulation of the physiological stress system associated with child sexual abuse may endanger the victims with various stress and anxiety disorders.     

Design of a collaborative monitoring and evaluation system for a community-based nutrition project in rural Bangladesh

Poor diet and undernutrition are common among children living in Bangladesh. To promote appropriate complementary feeding of young children, an economic development (ED) program involving income-generating asset transfer was implemented alongside a social and behavior change (SBC) program. This paper introduces a collaborative monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system in which diverse collaborators (“research group”, “implementation team”, and “coordinators”) facilitate M&E data acquisition by leveraging their comparative advantages. The implementation team built a monitoring system to track the ED (n = 2960) and SBC participants (n=∼10,000) over 12 months. Based on the baseline design and the monitoring records, the collaborators planned an impact evaluation introducing a quasi-experimental design using two cross-sectional surveys and a prospective cohort survey of child feeding and nutritional status. Using various data sources generated from the M&E system, the collaborators will also reveal the program impact pathway through which each intervention component is delivered, received, and utilized alongside the context-specific facilitators and barriers, including the programs’ uptake. The collaborative M&E system enables the sharing of program goals, strengthens collaborators' commitment to the program, and extends the understanding of the program's progress and evaluation activities.