On the Globalization of the Economy

Somepeopletracetheglobalizationoftheeconomybacktothe15thcentury,whencapitalismwasinitsembryonicstageinEuropeandEuropeanmerchantsbegantodobusinesswithothercontinents.However,thistradeofapIunderingnaturewasonlyapreludetomoderncapitalistlarge-scaleproductionandworldmarkets,apreparationforthelaterinternationalizationofproductionandtheglobalizationoftheeconomyweseetoday.Inthemid-l8thcentury,thefirstscientificandtechnologicalandindustrialrevolutionsoccurred,resultinginthetransformationofhandicraftp…     

Sustainable Development of the Population,the Economy and the Environment

TheconceptofsustainabledevelopmentwasofficiallyproposedattheWorldEnvironmentConferenceinStockholmin1972.Inl987,itwasdefinedbytheWorldEnvironmentandDevelopmentCommitteeinOurCommonFutureas"developmentthatbothsatisfiestheneedsofthemodernmananddoesnotconstitu…     

On the Historic Evolution of the Tibetan Policy of the American Government

The Tibet policy of the American government is part of its China policy.From     

Walking the Museum – Performing the Museum

The article examines the performative aspects of the exhibition Olafur Eliasson: Riverbed (2014) in order to qualify and evaluate participatory modes of curating, doing research, and learning from art in museums. The article develops a theoretical approach to exhibitions as spaces for social and corporeal practices, where affectivity is enacted and social relations may be transformed. The article examines how the participatory design of Riverbed produces affects that are inherently performative, relational and political. The article analyses how the visitors are affected and moved by the exhibition to put into operation alternative ways of knowing, connecting and being together in museums.     

On the System of Lot-Drawing from the Golden Urn in the Qing Dynasty

InTibetthereincarnationsystemofLivingBuddhasofTibetanBuddhismisauniquemodeofsuccessionforreligiousleaders,whichoriginallycoordinatedthebasicdoctrineandritualsofBuddhismwiththecomplexpoliticalandreligiousfactorsoftheupper-classclique,settlingthequestionofsuccessionandcontinuityofthestatusandthePoliticalandeconomicpowerofreligiousleaders.ThereincarnationsystemoftheLivingBuddhaswaslongperpetuatedanditresultedinquiteafewcorruptpractices.lnordertoputanendtothissituation,theQingImperialCourtdrew…     

Relations among the United States, the Soviet Union,the Guomindang and the CPC:1945-1949

抗日战争结束前后,围绕中国政局的发展,在美苏国共三国四方之间形成了独特复杂的互动关系,深刻地影响着中国政局的演变,包括国共和谈、全面内战爆发、中共取得全国政权及其对外政策的制定等等。美苏国共关系的每一次变动,都严重地冲击着东亚的国际形势,并对塑造战后东亚国际格局产生了至关重要的影响。     

On the Etymological Origin of the Term Hutong (胡桐) and the Eco-logical Environment of the Loulan Area

The term hutong(胡桐)first appearedin Ban Gu’S History ofthe Han Dynasty,inthe“Records of Xiyu”(1iterally,the western     

On the Moral Dimension of the Market Economy

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‘We the People’ versus ‘We the Heads of States’: the debate on the democratic deficit of the European Union

The Eurozone crisis has rekindled the debate on the democratic deficit of the European Union (EU). In this paper, the debate is reconsidered by contrasting the modus vivendi of ‘We the People’ in the USA with the modus vivendi of ‘We the Heads of States’ in the EU. It is demonstrated that many of the solutions to the alleged democratic deficit focus on how more voice can be given to ‘We the People’ on the input side, but that this goes against the functional logic of the EU system, thereby undermining its ability to govern. Instead, we argue that more attention should be given to how to increase output legitimacy, and a number of proposals are put forward. Such a reshuffling of the analytical focus is the best way forward to escape the current impasse in the debate on how to ‘fix’ democracy in the EU.     

Viewing the Socialist Market Economy in the Light of the Dual Nature of Labor

Thesocialistmarketeconomyisaneweconomicforminthehistoryofmankind.Inordertounderstandthecomplexrelationshipswithinthesocialistmarketeconomy,IbelieveonemustgraspthemostbasicandimPortantprincipleofhistoricalmaterialism,thatis,Marx'sconceptofthedualnatureoflabor.Anydiscussionofthistopicmuststartwiththesocializationofman'slabor.Inthedifferenthistoricalstagesofthedevelopmentofsocialproductionforces,thesocialnatureoflabormanifestsindifferentforms.Inanaturaleconomy,sociallaboristobefoundwithinthenar…     

The Shun Culture Is the Origin of the Moral Culture of the Chinese Nation

According to the 1atest findings of the“Xia—Shang—Zhou Dynasties Dating Project,     

Thoughts on the Innovations of the Chinese Securities Market

ＴｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｅｃｕｒｉｔｉｅｓｍａｒｋｅｔｈａｓｇｒｏｗｎｔｏａｎｅｗｌｅｖｅｌａｆｔｅｒａｄｅｃａｄｅｏｆｒａｐｉｄｅｘｐａｎｓｉｏｎａｎｄｈａｓｒｅａｃｈｅｄａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔ.Ａｓｗｅｌｌ,ｔｈｅｉｎｈｅｒ ｅｎｔｃｏｎｔｒａｄｉｃｔｉｏｎｓａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｇｒｏｗｔｈｈａｖｅｃｏｍｅｔｏｔｈｅｆｏｒｅ .ＡｓＣｈｉｎａｗｉｌｌｓｏｏｎａｃｃｅｄｅｔｏｔｈｅＷＴＯ ,ｗｈｉｌｅｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｉｚａ…     

Zhang Xueliang and the Solution to the Xi'an Incident

ThesixtyyearsthathavepassedsincetheXi'anIncidenthavewitnessedagradualincreaseinknowledgeabouttheevent-However,anenormousbodyofbiographicalliteraturehasdivertedattentionfromfirsthand,archivalinformation,whichhaswidenedratherthannarrowedthegapbetweenhistoricaltruthandthosewhopursueitinrelationtoseveralissues.Forexample,theviewsofsomescholarsonGeneralZhangXueliang'soriginalpurpose,thechangeinhisattitudeduringtheperiod,andtherealprocessandresultsoftheincidentareincorrect,aswillbeshowninthisessay…     

the Theme for Literary Study in the New Centenary

ＷｉｔｈｔｈｅｐａｓｓｉｎｇｏｆｔｈｅｌａｓｔｃｅｎｔｕｒｙＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｌｉｔｅｒａｔｕｒｅｂａｄｅｆａｒｅｗｅｌｌｔｏｔｈｅｏｌｄｅｒａａｎｄｓｔｏｏｄｏｎｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｓｈｏｌｄｏｆａｎｅｗｈｏｒｉｚｏｎ .Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｔｅ 19ｔｈｃｅｎｔｕｒｙｔｈｅｒｅｗａｓａｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｒｅｆｏｒｍｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｈｅｗａｋｅｏｆｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｆｏｒｍ-ｔｈｅｔｗｏｗｅｒｅｍｕｔｕａｌｌｙｄｙｎａｍｉｃ .Ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅｐｏｌｉｔｉｃａｌｒｅｆｏｒｍｆａｉｌｅｄ ,ｔｈｅｌｉｔｅｒａｒｙｒ…     

Early Religious Taoism and the Re-understanding of History of the Han through the Three Kingdoms

原始道教是道教史和两汉史研究中的重点和难点之一。本文采用历史文献、考古资料和道教经典互相契证的方法,通过对史料和思想的深入发掘,对汉代灾异论与原始道教思想的形成、两汉诸多社会危机与原始道经预言之间的关系、原始道教对汉魏政治的重大影响等诸多方面问题,进行系统考证和还原分析,力图从纷繁复杂的两汉历史中剥离出原始道教思想及其在汉魏政治秩序变迁中的作用,探考道教兴起的历史轨迹。     

Reflections on Solving the NationalityProblem in the New Situation

Thenationalityproblemispartofanoverallsocialproblem.InChina,nationalcharacteristicsanddifferenceswillexistforalongtimetocome,andsowillthenationalityproblem.DengXiaoping'stheoryofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsisascientificguidingprincipleforsolvingtheoverallproblemsofsociety,andthereforeitwillalsosolvethenationalityproblem.Intheirlong-termengagementinrevolutionandconstruction,DengXiaopingandtheoldergenerationofrevolutionarieshaveopenedupacorrectroadwithChinesecharacteristicsforso…     

Social Transformation and the Reformation of the Working Class

Eyal, Szelenyi and Townsley discussed in Making Capitalism without Capitalists:The New Ruling Elites in Eastern Europe one of the basic social issues in market transformation: with the elimination in the socialist revolution of the industrial capitalist class embracing the Protestant ethic on which Max Weber set such store,     

On the Theoretical Positioning of the Philosophy of Culture

The philosophy of culture became aprominent school of thought in Chinese philo-sophical circles in the 1980s and 1990s.However, one of the major problems con-fronted by studies of the philosophy of cul-ture is its indistinct theoretical boundaries,largely due to the uncertainty of the categoryof culture.     

On the Character of Universality:A Comparative Study on the Mor-phology of the Traditional Phi-losophies of China and the West

Since the era of Plato and Aristotle,Western philosophy has defined the pursuitof universal knowledge as its final goal, lead-ing to the rise of the absolute concept ofuniversality and the world of absolute prin-ciples composed of universal concepts. Tra-ditional philosophy in the West is a learningin search of universal knowledge while thehighest aim for traditional Chinese philoso-phy is to acquire the realm of Tao. This isthe demarcation line dividing the morphol-ogy of the traditional ph…     

The Ownership of Tibet During the Ming and the Evolution of the Feudal Lord System

ThispaperwillfocusonadiscussionoftherelationshipbetweentheMingcourtandthegreatandminorfeudallordsofTibetcenteredaroundthePhag-druPoliticalauthority,andthechangesandcharacteristicsoftheTibetanfeudallordeconomyduringtheMingperiod.Ⅰ.MingPolicyforRulingTibet…