基于泊松分布的钢厂备件优化模型

钢铁工业是流程型工业,重要配件对生产过程至关重要,因此在钢铁钢铁企业中备件管理问题就显得尤为突出.备件管理是钢铁钢铁企业设备管理工作中的一项重要内容,它直接影响设备的维护、检修、抢修工作,与钢铁企业的正常生产和经济效益密切相关.做好钢铁企业备件管理工作的核心是做好备件计划.本文基于泊松分布,考虑备件的订货成本、持有成本、缺货成本、特别订货成本,给出了最优备件库存量及最优成本.     

钢铁工业自动化发展状况及展望

随着经济的发展和技术的进步,我国的钢铁工业也在不断的发展和进步。钢铁工业自动化进程也在不断的加快,推动着钢铁工业的进一步发展。本文主要探讨我国钢铁工业自动化发展的情况,以及它在电子技术与人工智能等方面的未来发展趋势。     

安全生产标准化体系建设

<正>鞍钢始建于1916年,鞍山钢铁集团公司于1948年成立,是新中国第一个恢复建设的大型钢铁联合企业和最早建成的钢铁生产基地,被喻为"中国钢铁工业的摇篮"、"共和国钢铁工业的长子"。经过六十多年发展,鞍钢已形成从采矿、选矿、炼铁、炼钢到轧钢综合配套,以及焦化、耐火、动力、运输、冶金机械、建设、技术研发、设计、自动化、综合利用等49个子公司和直属单位组成的特大型钢铁企业集团,现已建成鞍山、营口鲅鱼圈和朝阳三个钢铁基地,主体生产工艺和技术装备达到国     

炼钢连铸计划调度优化系统

钢铁企业的炼钢连铸计划调度问题一直是学术界和企业界研究的热门课题.炼钢连铸生产计划调度系统是钢铁企业制造执行系统的重要组成部分,在企业的生产管理中起着承上启下的作用.本文首先简述了炼钢连铸计划调度理论的发展历程和生产工艺流程,并进一步描述了炼钢连铸计划编制的流程.针对炼钢连铸计划调度的现场要求,架构了炼钢连铸计划调度优化系统的功能模块,并较详细地说明了各功能模块的功能特点.该系统不仅能对静态调度计划应用多种优化方法进行编制,而且对复杂生产环境的各类响应事件可以做到快速响应,满足动态调度的要求,保证生产的稳定顺行.     

钢铁产业低碳化发展模式研究——以河北省为例

面临全球变暖的生态趋势,发展低碳经济,降低二氧化碳排放量已成为世界发展的共识。钢铁工业作为碳源排放的大户,减排压力尤为严重。基于此,本文选取河北省为研究范例,以其装备工艺与产品结构与碳排放间关系为微观研究基础,提出了改变钢铁产品结构,加大工业装备投入,采用优质能源与增加碳汇储备等建议。希望能使我国钢铁工业在未来产业转型中占领先机,实现跨越式发展。     

基于循环经济的钢铁企业价值创造研究

钢铁生产的流程制造性特征决定其发展循环经济具有巨大潜力,基于资源和环境对钢铁工业发展的约束,发展循环经济同时也成为钢铁工业发展的必由之路。本文在分析钢铁企业发展循环经济的基础上,通过从资源能源投入和循环利用、废弃物消纳处理、钢铁产品升级替代3个方面研究钢铁企业价值创造体系有哪些方面的新拓展,区别于以往一些对于钢铁企业发展循环经济的片面看法,提出钢铁企业在发展循环经济过程中的价值创造驱动因素,并提出为保障这些驱动因素的实现,钢铁企业发展循环经济的具体途径。     

一种面向流程企业生产计划与调度的配方管理模型

为提高ERP软件对不同流程企业计划与调度的适应性,提出了一种面向流程企业生产计划与调度的配方管理模型.本模型由四个具有继承关系的子模型组成位置配方管理模型、一般配方管理模型、主配方管理模型和控制配方管理模型.位置配方管理模型描述工厂的拓扑结构和生产能力资源;一般配方管理模型用于企业长期计划和经营决策等;主配方管理模型主要为短期计划、静态调度和动态调度提供数据和信息;控制配方管理模型管理生产批次.     

启发式算法求解等待时间受限的两阶段流水车间调度问题

等待时间受限的两阶段流水车间调度问题具有强NP难的复杂性,有必要探索问题特征来开发近似求解算法。本文分析了此问题与一般两阶段流水车间调度和无等待两阶段流水车间调度的关系,给出了两类特殊问题的多项式求解方法,探讨了最优调度的工件序列特征。在此基础上,设计了基于排列排序的启发式算法,算法应用Gilmore-Gomory启发式生成初始序列,构造调度解的可替换集合实现迭代寻优,并利用工件序列特征调整工件顺序以优化当前调度。通过对算法的求解性能进行理论分析和实验验证,进一步表明了该算法的有效性。     

寡头竞争——我国钢铁工业有效竞争的市场结构

有效竞争是实现钢铁工业规模经济与竞争活力相协调的关键，而实现我国钢铁工业有效竞争的关键在于形成寡头竞争的市场结构，大力提高钢铁工业的市场集中度，既充分发挥规模经济效应，又形成充沛的竞争活力。一方面，必须形成实力较强的有国际竞争力的钢铁企业集团，实现规模经济，     

企业生产计划与调度的实践研究述评———社会技术系统视角

生产计划与调度是企业运营管理的重要环节． 由于其重要性,科研和管理人员对其实施逻辑、实现技术及企业实践进行了大量研究,取得了丰硕成果． 然而当企业面临不确定环境和复杂调度问题时,这一问题迄今仍未有满意的解决方案． 事实上,企业的生产计划与调度过程是一个高度耦合的社会技术系统． 本文从这一视角出发,基于信息处理理论和权变理论,对企业计划与调度实践的“人”、“技术”、“组织”及三者间的交互作用研究进行了文献回顾与总结． 进一步,提出了考虑不确定性和复杂性两个维度的计划与调度研究的理论框架,并利用该框架讨论了若干重要的未来研究方向．     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Chronic stress and chronic disease in life and work: Conceptual and methodological issues

This paper argues that the lack of strong prospective evidence linking occupational and social stress to chronic disease stems from the failure of research designs to attend sufficiently to the aetiological chronicity of such diseases. Studies of both supposedly acute stress (life events) and chronic stress in life or work must increasingly be designed to distinguish between stress which is sustained or chronic over a period of yean or even decades, and hence capable of causing a serious chronic disease, and brief or transient stress, which may produce transient or brief psychological or physiological disturbances but cannot generate major chronic disease. Prospective studies are needed which collect measures of both stress and health or disease at multiple points over an extended period of time. Measures of stress should focus more on affect (for example, feelings of pressure and tension) than on cognition (for example feelings of satisfaction). Limited existing evidence is consistent with these ideals.