桂西南资源富集产业集群智溢效应分析

通过知识扩散效应、技术扩散效应、学习效应、创新效应对桂西南资源富集产业集群的智溢效应进行理论和实证分析,提出了桂西南资源富集产业集群技术创新能力提升的对策.     

环境规制影响中国产业集聚的效应分析

通过在FC模型中引入环境跨部门外部性和跨界外部性,分析了环境规制影响产业集聚的作用机理,并采用中国30个省份2001～2010年制造业的面板数据进行了实证检验。结果表明:环境规制的实施,主要通过需求效应、成本效应对产业集聚程度产生影响。在环境规制强度较低时,环境规制的成本效应超过需求效应,产业集聚水平随环境规制强度提高而下降;而当环境规制强度进一步提高时,环境规制的需求效应大于成本效应,产业集聚度水平随环境规制强度的提高而上升,环境规制强度与产业集聚水平之间呈"U"关系。     

西部民族地区旅游专业化对经济是祝福还是诅咒?

西部民族地区自然、民俗旅游资源丰富,为提升旅游专业化程度打下了坚实基础.本文对旅游专业化对经济增长的收入效应与旅游专业化提高对经济要素的资源转移效应均衡性进行分析,论证得出旅游专业化程度与西部民族地区经济增长为倒U型曲线关系,即在旅游专业化程度小于拐点值0.41时,表现为祝福效应,当大于0.41时表现为诅咒效应.     

基于西部地区自主创新的国家扶持政策研究

自主创新是实现西部地区经济发展方式转变的内在因素;在西部地区自主创新面临多重制约的条件下,国家财政、税收和金融等扶持政策因其风险分散效应、扶持效应和激励效应,是增强西部地区自主创新能力岛重要手段.     

民族地区发展生态旅游的效应分析

本文在探讨生态旅游概念和内涵的基础上,分析了民族地区发展生态旅游的经济效应、环境效应和社会效应。     

藏族、汉族大学生内外群体偏爱效应的差异研究

本文运用内隐测验与外显测验,探讨了藏族、汉族大学生对内、外群体的态度.结果表明,无论是在内隐测验上还是在外显测验上,被试均表现出对本民族较强的内群体偏爱效应,但藏族、汉族大学生在内隐测验与外显测验上的效应大小是相反的,藏族大学生在内隐测验上的内群体偏爱效应小于汉族大学生,在外显测验上的内群体偏爱效应大于汉族大学生;且内隐测验结果与外显测验结果不相关,二者是分离的.     

民族地区旅游业发展的民生效应研究——以西北5大旅游目的地为例

在不同区域和阶段,旅游业发展的民生效应及其居民认知各不相同。本研究选择西北地区为研究对象,通过描述性统计分析、因子分析和相关分析,发现西北地区民族旅游民生正面效应大于负面效应,不同个人特征居民对效应认知存在显著差异,由此提出未来民族文化旅游业发展新模式。本课题对民族地区旅游管理和未来规划具有一定参考价值。     

区域旅游资源开发极限效应研究

通过对旅游效应的概念、类型以及区域旅游资源开发对目的地系统产生的环境、经济和社会效应的分析,提出区域旅游资源开发的极限值也就是旅游目的地系统与环境两方面的正效应达到最优、负效应最大限度地被抑制的临界点的观点,为如何在区域旅游资源开发中实现经济、社会和环境三大效益的最佳均衡效益提供了新的思路.     

民族特色村寨旅游发展效应研究——以巴东县石桥坪村为例

民族特色村寨是我国少数民族在长期的历史发展中建立起来的,反映着我国少数民族的生产生活方式和民族文化,是活的"博物馆"。发展民族特色村寨旅游将民族特色村寨中的有形文化和无形文化呈现给游客,一方面满足了游客求异的心理,另一方面给民族村寨带来了不错的发展。本文就石桥坪村在发展民族特色村寨旅游过程中取得的经济效应、社会效应、生态效应和产生的问题进行分析并给出建议。     

群际接触经验对面孔识别本族效应的影响

采用学习——再认范式,以80名维汉大学生为被试,考察了群际接触经验对维吾尔族(民考民和双语)面孔识别本族效应的影响。发现:1与汉族高质量的接触(个性化经验水平)有助于维吾尔族对异族面孔的识别;2与汉族高接触的维吾尔族对维汉面孔的识别能力都更好;3汉族在维汉面孔识别中未表现出本族效应,且识别面孔的能力不受接触程度的影响。结论:汉族和维吾尔族识别本族和异族面孔依据的心理机制不同,社会结构的类别参数可能是影响维吾尔族大学生本族效应的重要因素,而汉族大学生的本族效应可能更多受到历史因素或社会结构的等级参数的影响。     

残存宗族组织对村民自治建设的负面影响

我国正在全国范围内推行村民自治制度,而各民族残存的宗族组织必然对这一制度造成千差万别的正负面影响,对农村的社会稳定和政权建设带来严重的危害。本文以永顺县羊峰乡青龙村土家族社区为例,探讨村民自治组织与残存的宗族组织在并行延续形式下的种种社会现实。希望能对残存宗族组织对村民自治制度所引发的负面效应作出全面的归纳和总结,从中找出解决抑制宗族组织负面影响的对策     

‘I grew a beard and my dad flipped out!’ Co-option of British Muslim parents in countering ‘extremism’ within their families in Bradford and Leeds

Research on the effects of counter-terrorism has argued that Muslims are constructed as a ‘suspect community’. However, there remains a paucity of research exploring divisive effects membership to a ‘suspect community’ has on relations within Muslim families. Drawing from interviews conducted in 2010–2011 with British Muslims living in Bradford or Leeds, I address this gap by examining how co-option of Muslim parents to counter extremism fractures relations within Muslim families. I show that internalising fears of their children being radicalised or indeed radicalising others, means parents judge young Muslims’ religious practices through a restrictive moderate/extremist binary. I advance the category of ‘internal suspect body’ which is materialised through two intersecting conditions: the suspected Muslim extremist to lookout for and young Muslims at risk of radicalisation. I delineate the reproductive effects of terrors of counter-terrorism on Muslims’ experiences as they traverse state, intra-group and individual levels.     

The psychosocial effects of Native American mascots: a comprehensive review of empirical research findings

ABSTRACT

Approximately 2,000 teams in the U.S. utilize Native American mascots, the majority of which are associated with schools. Across the nation there continue to be many intense conflicts over these mascots. Most conflicts focus on differences in opinion, rather than on the effects of these mascots. The purpose of this article is to provide educational decision-makers with a comprehensive review of research on the psychosocial effects of Native American mascots. This body of research suggests that these mascots generate undesirable effects. First, they are psychologically detrimental to Native American students. Second, for non-Native persons, they are associated with negative stereotypes of Native Americans. Third, these mascots undermine intergroup relations by increasing negative stereotyping of Native Americans. Lastly, supporters of these mascots are more apt to believe prejudicial ideas. We discuss these findings relative to broader societal contexts.     

Disability Status Differentials Among Asian Immigrants in the United States: The Added Dimensions of Duration and Age

The healthy immigrant and erosion effects are widely cited observations for immigrants’ health patterns in the United States. Yet, these effects are not always found in empirical studies. We examined both effects among Asians using the 2000 Census Public Microdata Sample. We examined six disability outcomes: sensory, physical, mental, mobility, work and self-care. We also investigated the moderating effect of age on years in the United States. We found substantial variation in disability status across our 13 Asian ethnic groups. Support for the healthy immigrant and erosion effects differed across the disability outcomes. For physical, sensory and mental disabilities, the healthy immigrant and erosion effects were displayed at younger ages. For work and mobility disabilities, younger immigrants displayed a higher prevalence for these outcomes than their US-born counterparts, but this pattern reversed at older ages. Self-care disability did not show any duration differences. Age also appears to be an important moderator of the healthy immigrant and erosion effects. Cohorts and question wording may also be important alternative explanations to immigrant health patterns.     

Concepts of national identity and the readiness for conflict behaviour

This article examines the process of national identity formation among ethnic minorities in the Crimea – specifically, the moderation effects of concepts of national identity on interrelations between conflict indicators and readiness for conflict or compromise for two ethnic minorities in Crimea. Based on a survey in the Crimea, results show that concepts of national identity moderate the effects of ethnic identity, ethnocentrism and economic deprivation on individual conflict behaviour. Research show that civic concept of national identity significantly reduces readiness for conflict among ethnic minorities. The position of a minority within the nation regulates impact of ethnic and multicultural concepts on readiness to fight with other groups.     

Suspect community or suspect category? The impact of counter-terrorism as ‘policed multiculturalism’

How to think about the impact of counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation on ethnic and religious accommodation? Much of the literature draws on the concept of ‘suspect community’, suggesting it has primarily alienated the Muslim community, favouring an assimilationist model of ‘muscular liberalism’. In this article, while I consider the merits of the ‘suspect community’ hypothesis, I argue that it only partially accounts for the effects of counter-terrorism and counter-radicalisation on multicultural societies. I contend that much of the literature has focused too narrowly on the discriminatory effects of counter-terrorist policies and has been unable to grasp the more insidious political effects of counter-terrorism policies based on the active participation and involvement of Muslims in their own policing. The main hypothesis of this paper is that rather than promoting ‘assimilation’, as the government would expect, or alienation, as the advocates of the ‘suspect community’ hypothesis would contend, counter-terrorist policies produce and reinforce a government of society in discrete and divided ethno-religious groups. Such ‘policed multiculturalism’—understood as the recognition and the management of diversity through a security perspective—has an important consequence in that it removes fundamental questions about pluralism from political debate, casting them instead in a depoliticised language of security.     

Race and Unemployment Amidst the New Diversity: More Evidence of a Black/Non-Black Divide

The fact that the United States is more racially and ethnically diverse now than in the past has led scholars to dismiss dichotomous—black/white—conceptions of race as antiquated. However, some others have noted the emergence of a black/non-black divide that is manifest in patterns of residential segregation and intermarriage. This study attempts to determine whether such a dichotomous conception is sufficient to capture the effects of race and ethnicity on unemployment patterns among entry-level workers in the United States. Findings suggest that more than 80% of the effects of race and ethnicity on unemployment can be captured simply by knowing who is black and who is not. The most elaborate conception tested here acknowledges 20 different racial and ethnic groups; it adds significantly but not commensurately to the explanatory power of the models. Despite the increasingly diverse racial and ethnic composition of entry-level labor markets in the United States, it is black exclusion that seems to drive the effects of race and ethnicity on unemployment.     

Gender and free movement: EU migrant women’s access to residence and social rights in the U.K.

This article examines the gendered effects of restricting EU migrants’ access to rights to residence and to social benefits in relation to work, self-sufficiency and family. It draws on the findings of qualitative research on EU migrant women’s access to social benefits in the U.K. on the basis of residence rights as an EU citizen-worker or family member of an EU citizen-worker. The research included qualitative interviews with providers of advice services on social benefits claims and with EU migrant women in the U.K. The findings point to the ways in which the status of the EU citizen-worker is defined and implemented limits women’s access to and ability to maintain that status and, at the same time, their reliance on the status of family member of an EU citizen-worker. Both have gendered effects in terms of women’s potential exclusion from access to residence and social rights as mobile EU citizens.     

外商直接投资对民族地区经济的影响及对策

目前对于民族地区吸收FD I(外商直接投资),学界尚存在着许多错误看法,这些看法片面地夸大外国直接投资给民族地区带来的好处,低估甚至根本抹煞它对民族经济的负面影响。认为FD I对民族地区的经济发展只存在正面效应,因此主张越多越好。笔者认为,对于FD I对民族经济的影响应该从正、反两方面进行考察,应客观地剖析两大利益主体之间的博弈。     

Migrant women’s economic success in Russia: objective reality and subjective assessment

This study contributes to the growing body of literature on the outcomes of labour migration by focusing on the effects of migrant legal status on the economic and perceptual measures of migration success. To study the effects of legal status, we use a sample of Central Asian migrant women who work in Russia and of their native counterparts who occupy the same positions on the labour market. Similar to the studies in the developed settings, we find that a temporary legal status is associated with an earnings penalty and that permanent legal status corrects this earning disparity. We also find that both temporary and permanent migrant status is positively associated with perceptions of pay inequality but that, irrespective of these perceptions, both types of migrants are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than natives. We interpret these findings within the legal and social context of migrant economic incorporation in Russia and relate them to the findings from other migrant-receiving settings.