非线性协整建模研究及沪深股市实证分析

讨论了线性协整和非线性协整的涵义,指出在非线性系统中,非线性协整可以更好地刻画多个时间序列之间的均衡关系.提出了利用小波神经网络逼近非线性协整函数的方法,并给出了训练小波神经网络的变尺度算法.最后利用上海和深圳股指数据进行了实证研究,通过与BP神经网络的比较,证实了小波神经网络在非线性协整建模中的有效性,并说明沪深股市之间存在着非线性协整关系.     

基于最优支持向量机模型的经营失败预警研究

根据中国资本市场的实际和样本数据特点,设计一套从样本准备到模型参数优化、再到模型比较的集成解决方案,对上市公司经营失败进行预警,通过实验分析参数调整和核函数选择对支持向量机建模的影响,寻求最优的支持向量机模型.实证结果表明,经营失败预警应用中,参数和核函数的选择对预警模型有较大影响,基于最优支持向量机模型的预测效果优于统计方法和神经网络方法,支持向量机适合中国上市公司分行业小样本的实际.特别处理事件作为经营失败样本切分标准对模型产生一定影响.     

基于小波包和最小二乘支持向量机的短时交通流组合预测方法研究

基于小波在处理非线性、非平稳随机信号的优势以及支持向量机在解决小样本、非线性及高维模式识别问题中的优势。笔者探讨结合小波包和最小二乘支持向量机的组合预测方法在交通流短时预测中的应用。首先介绍小波包和最小二乘支持向量机的基本原理,然后提出基于小波包和最小二乘支持向量机的交通流短时组合预测方法,并以北京市快速路的实测交通流量来验证效果,结果表明其可行性和有效性。     

金融危机期间黄金价格的影响因素研究

作为一种特殊的大宗商品,黄金具有商品、货币和避险的多重属性。在2007年开始的金融危机中,黄金表现出了较强的货币和避险属性,而过去的研究很少有涉及到其避险属性。本文就当前货币体系下的黄金定价问题,综合考虑了黄金的大宗商品、货币和避险属性,将黄金价值分解为:商品基准价值、基于汇率的"隐性货币价值"、主权国家信用违约的风险溢价,并分别以大宗商品CRB指数、美元指数USDX和美国国债CDS利差等资产价格作为代理变量对其进行定价研究。基于向量自回归(VAR)模型的研究表明:美元指数USDX负向驱动黄金价格,大宗商品指数CRB、美国国债指数CDS正向驱动黄金价格;其中大宗商品指数CRB滞后一阶、美元指数USDX滞后一阶、美国国债CDS利差滞后二阶价格信息对黄金价格的影响最显著。     

混合HOGA-SVM财务风险预警模型实证研究

目前涉及遗传算法与支持向量机相结合的预测模型中,遗传算法基本上采用的是标准算法.但是在对全局函数的优化中,一般的遗传算法容易陷入局部最优,从而降低遗传算法收敛速度和搜索精度,进而影响财务风险预警模型的精度与速度.基于此,提出了基于混合全局优化正交遗传算法(HOGA)和支持向量机(SVM)的财务风险预警模型(HOGA-SVM),通过使用混合全局优化正交遗传算法连同支持向量机来改进支持向量机进行财务风险预警的效果.结果显示,提出的模型不仅提高了财务风险预警的准确率和速度,而且模型的两类分类错误率(尤其是第一类分类错误率)相对其他模型也有了明显下降.未来的工作可以把模型的应用扩大到多分类的财务风险预警问题中.     

技术指标能够预测商品期货价格吗? 来自中国的证据

基于移动价格平均、动量和移动交易量平均三类技术指标,研究了其对中国大宗商品期货价格的预测效果,并以基于宏观变量的预测为基准比较分析了其预测能力.主要结论如下,第一,技术指标能够在样本内和样本外检验中有效预测我国大宗商品期货价格,其预测效果显著超过已有文献中广泛使用的宏观经济指标.第二,对于不同的模型设定和数据频率,技术指标预测效果表现稳健.第三,从资产配置角度出发,基于技术指标的预测具有显著经济意义,能够显著提高资产配置效率,获得超额收益.相关结果能够为大宗商品投资及风险管理提供经验和策略支持.     

基于支持向量机的中国股指期货回归预测研究

本文针对股指期货预测的特点,选择对股指期货指数有重要影响的相关指标,首次提出用支持向量机(SVM)方法对其进行回归预测,并用遗传算法(GA)和粒子群算法(PSO)分别优化四种不同核函数的支持向量机,构建了八种不同的中国股指期货回归预测方案,用实证研究的方法对这八种方案的准确性和时效性进行了比较。实验结果表明粒子群算法优化的线性核函数支持向量机作为中国股指期货回归预测的模型,具有更好的预测效果。     

基于集成支持向量机的企业财务业绩分类模型研究

要想正确预测公司财务业绩,首先必须选择合适的预测方法。现有文献所采用的财务业绩预测模型普遍存在着泛化能力不强的问题。本文提出用支持向量机方法来预测我国上市公司的财务业绩。为了提高预测准确率,本文还用AdaBoost算法对支持向量机进行了改进(集成支持向量机)。在支持向量机核函数的选择上,我们采用了实验法,即对每个核函数及其相关参数的预测效果都进行了测算,以期找出最适用的预测模型。实证结果表明,径向基核函数(rbf)的效果最好,支持向量机方法预测准确率远远高于其它方法。     

大宗商品战略配置——基于国民效用与风险对冲的视角

从国民收入长期配置的战略性动机出发,本文提出基于国民效用优化和输入性通胀风险对冲的国际资产长期配置方法,在包含国际股指基金、主权债券、商品期货指数基金的风险资产池中,分析商品期货指数化投资的战略价值并导出最优配置比例。对4种主要商品期货指数、不同风险厌恶水平和跨期替代弹性的稳健性检验表明,在长期和跨期的最优组合中,商品期货指数都占有较高且稳定的投资比例;若考虑实体经济因素,偏重能源类的商品期货指数的投资比例和稳定程度有显著提高;商品资产投资能够有效对冲大宗商品价格风险。应对世界经济失衡与系统性风险的加剧,主权财富基金、养老基金及社保基金的长期国际投资应当遵从战略性原则,增加国际大宗商品的指数化投资。这是国民效用动态优化的必然选择。     

半模糊超球支持向量机多类分类方法研究

针对支持向量机在大类别模式分类中存在的问题,提出了一种基于半模糊核聚类的超球支持向量机分类方法.该方法首先利用半模糊核聚类方法对样本进行预处理,完成边缘样本的选取,进而以所选样本为训练样本进行超球支持向量机训练,从而有效提高分类器的性能.实验表明,该方法比标准支持向量机多类分类方法具有更高的速度和精度.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.