消费者绿色购买行为影响机理实证研究

绿色消费是当今社会消费的主题,了解消费者文化价值观念对于绿色消费行为的影响有着重要的理论与现实意义,基于此,文章研究了人天导向文化价值观与消费者的绿色购买行为的关系及作用机理.实证研究表明:人天导向文化价值观对消费者绿色购买行为具有正向影响,人天导向价值观通过影响消费者生态情感,进而影响消费者绿色购买意向,并最终影响消费者绿色购买行为,这一影响机理的发现为企业实施绿色营销提供了理论指导.     

区域文化差异对个人决策偏好影响的调查研究

文章基于行为经济学理论,用双曲线贴现模型和前景理论刻画人们决策中反映出来的时间偏好和风险偏好。通过在中国进行大样本的问卷调查,比较研究来自中国25个省(区)人们的文化价值观和决策偏好,并实证检验文化价值观对个人决策偏好的影响。研究发现,人们真实的决策偏好符合行为经济学理论和模型,我国地区间存在显著的价值观差异,个人主义是影响时间偏好和风险偏好的重要因素,高的个人主义文化对应着人们高的风险厌恶程度和对即刻收益的偏好,这个结论支持了"软垫假设",此外,实证结果还表明信任水平对决策偏好并不具有解释力。     

浅谈以安全文化力提升企业安全管理水平

一、企业安全文化的含义 安全文化是指安全价值观和安全行为准则的总合，安全价值观是安全文化的里层结构；安全行为准则是安全文化的表层结构；具体体现为每一个人、每一个单位、每一个群体对安全的态度、思维程度及采取的行动方式。安全文化以“人”为本，以文化为载体，通过文化的渗透来提高人的安全价值观和规范人的行为，它包含了企业的全体员工。     

中老年健康差异及其影响因素分析——基于EQ-5D健康调查数据的实证检验

为研究中国中老年群体的健康差异及其影响因素,通过引入新的健康度量法——欧洲五维健康量表法(EQ-5D),并采用1 639名中老年人的调查数据,对健康和健康差异影响因素进行实证检验。结果显示,中国城乡中老年群体均存在亲富人的健康差异,且农村健康差异程度更甚;社会经济条件不仅与中老年人的健康水平密切相关,而且是中老年群体健康差异贡献率最高的因素。其中,收入不平等是健康差异的重要影响因素,可以解释30%左右的健康不平等;养老积蓄和受教育程度均在不同程度上加剧了健康差异;就业状态对农村样本和城镇样本的健康差距分别产生了促进和减缓作用。与贡献率较小的个人特征和地区因素相比,子女数量与个体年龄进一步导致了健康差距的扩大。     

新生代女性农民工权利的阙如问题

长期以来,农民工一直是中国社会中权利贫困的群体。随着该群体内部的代际更替,计划生育政策下出生、成长的“新生代”开始登上历史舞台,并已经成为群体的中坚力量,据估计,“新生代”中至少1/3为女性,年龄多为18～25岁,大多初高中毕业。虽然新生代女性农民工接受过较其前辈较高层次的教育,接受了多元化的价值观,熟悉了市场经济,也习惯了城市     

财政支出的效率与规模——基于中国的实证分析

运用1978～2004年中国实际国内生产总值和实际政府财政支出的数据，对中国政府规模与经济增长的关系进行实证研究，利用Barro定律及Karras实证方法估计中国政府的政府支出的生产效率及最优规模。并运用Granger因果关系检验了真实GDP、实际政府支出两者之间的因果关系。结果表明：中国的政府财政支出是具有生产性的且政府最优规模为国内生产总值的28．2％（±3％）；中国经济增长是政府规模增长的Granger原因，实证结论支持了瓦格纳定律。     

共同富裕背景下中等收入群体的界定标准与合理规模研究

中国推进共同富裕的关键是“扩中提低”,即提高低收入者收入水平、使中等收入群体规模得到明显扩大。从中等收入群体的统计意义与经济意义入手，在理论层面展开关于中等收入群体界定标准的讨论。理论分析的结果表明，以居民人均可支配收入中位数为依据设定收入上下限的方法能够较为准确地界定实际生活中的中等收入群体。当收入分配格局由“金字塔型”向“橄榄型”转变时，中等收入群体的收入下限应当略高于收入分布的下四分位数，而收入上限则应略高于收入分布的上四分位数。从不同收入分配格局的结构特征来看，中等收入群体比重的合理范围应当在50%以上且不宜过高。参考部分发达国家的中等收入群体规模作为验证，当社会收入分配格局表现为比较合理的“橄榄型”结构时，中等收入群体比重大致保持在60%左右，并且低收入群体、中等收入群体以及高收入群体的规模比例接近3∶6∶1。进一步利用核密度估计方法，利用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据实证测度中等收入群体比重，并基于国际比较视角分析中国在打造合理分配格局方面存在的问题。实证结果表明，中国中等收入群体比重尚不足40%。相比一些发达国家，中国中等收入群体“规模小、水平低”,且不同地区之间存在较...     

城镇居民收入结构转型实证研究

本文通过对中国城镇居民收入、收入差距的变化及收入结构的转型进行实证研究,发现改革以来中国城镇居民收入持续增长、收入差距不断扩大,城镇居民收入结构已形成从以低收入群体为主体的“梨型”向以中等收入群体为主体的“橄榄型”转型的趋势。影响其转型的成因与对策,则在于调整收入分配的制度、经济结构的偏差,以及居民消费的抑制等因素。     

机构养老服务需求影响因素的实证研究

中国的人口老龄化与工业化的中后期高度重叠,传统的家庭养老功能急剧弱化,大量的老年群体对养老服务的需求日趋专业化、多元化,在未来的养老体系中,机构养老将扮演越来越重要的作用.文章基于中国综合社会调查CGSS的调研数据,运用定量和定性相结合的研究方法,对机构养老服务需求的影响因素进行了实证研究,并提出政策建议.     

移动社交网络的知识溢出效应——信息红利还是数字鸿沟？

知识溢出是提升人力资本进而促进经济增长的重要方式，移动社交网络的出现和广泛使用打破了信息传递的时空限制，但目前关于其是否具有知识溢出效应的研究仍十分缺乏。本文使用三次中国家庭金融调查（CHFS）采集的具有全国代表性的微观家庭和社区面板数据，以金融知识为研究对象，利用社区是否创建微信群作为准实验，采用双重差分（DID）与三重差分模型（DDD）实证考察微信群这一移动社交网络是否具有知识溢出效应。研究发现，社区建立微信群可使群内成员的金融知识水平显著提升约17.5%，且这一效应在农村地区、受教育程度较低、年龄较大的群体中更为显著，这表明移动社交网络可通过知识溢出创造信息红利并缩小数字鸿沟。进一步的机制分析发现，移动社交网络既可通过其信息源渠道激励群成员学习，也可通过交流渠道促进群成员在互动交流中提高知识水平。本文研究结论表明，在移动社交网络广泛普及的背景下，充分利用网络空间思想集聚产生的知识外溢可以为经济发展创造新动能。     

住宅产业价值链的合理价值分布研究

面对当前中国住宅产业价值链严重的价值分布不合理现象,如何系统性地研究住宅产业价值链,并有效引导产业价值合理分布显得十分迫切。站在产业层面上,根据住宅产业价值链系统结构,构建住宅产业价值链价值分布评价指标体系,并运用熵权法与多层次模糊综合评价法建立住宅产业价值链价值分布测算模型———熵权-模糊综合评价模型。再根据调研数据,剖析探讨了住宅产业价值链期望的合理价值分布,为当前各城市住宅产业价值链的价值分布比较研究提供理论依据。研究表明,合理的住宅产业价值链上各链环的价值分布顺序为：工程建设价值、营销价值、规划设计价值、投资分析价值、服务价值、资金价值及土地价值。     

Extreme value analysis of actuarial risks: estimation and model validation

We give an overview of several aspects arising in the statistical analysis of extreme risks with actuarial applications in view. In particular it is demonstrated that empirical process theory is a very powerful tool, both for the asymptotic analysis of extreme value estimators and to devise tools for the validation of the underlying model assumptions. While the focus of the paper is on univariate tail risk analysis, the basic ideas of the analysis of the extremal dependence between different risks are also outlined. Here we emphasize some of the limitations of classical multivariate extreme value theory and sketch how a different model proposed by Ledford and Tawn can help to avoid pitfalls. Finally, these theoretical results are used to analyze a data set of large claim sizes from health insurance.     

Reliability functions of bivariate distributions with second kind of beta conditionals

The purpose of this article is to study the bivariate distributions with second kind of beta conditionals, presented by Castillo and Sarabia, from a reliability point of view. The reliability functions, viz the survival function, the failure rate and mean residual life function, are derived and their monotonicity is discussed for the univariate model as well as the conditional model. Finally, Clayton’s association measure is obtained in terms of the hazard gradient and its value, in the case of our model, is derived.     

Paradoxes and Improvements in Interval Estimation

Cases where confidence sets are empty or include every possible parameter value are an embarrassment to standard theory and difficult to explain to students. To alleviate this problem, and as a convenient way of showing how each parameter value is ranked in view of the data, we propose to plot the confidence set for each possible level, called a confidence curve. Different confidence procedures then lead to different confidence curves. In standard situations involving distributions with a monotone likelihood ratio, we suggest using the confidence curve based on Spjøtvoll's acceptability function. For discrete distributions, this leads to an improvement over usual “exact” confidence intervals.     

基于新三维客户细分模型的线上会员客户价值研究

从客户的当前价值、潜在价值、忠诚度价值三个方面出发,建立适用于线上企业的会员客户价值评价指标体系。同时,在传统RFM模型的基础上构建了新三维的客户细分模型,并根据改进的客户价值细分维度进一步细分客户,利用主成分分析法计算每个客户群的价值得分。最终选取某网站的会员客户数据进行算例分析,通过识别不同客户群体、价值和状态,为企业实施精准营销提供更加细致的客户细分依据。     

Bayesian sample size calculations for binomial experiments

This paper proposes new methodology for calculating the optimal sample size when a hypothesis test between two binomial proportions is conducted. The problem is addressed from the Bayesian point of view. Following the formulation by DasGupta and Vidakovic (1997, J. Statist. Plann. Inference 65, 335–347), the posterior risk is determined and set not to exceed a prespecified bound. A second constraint deals with the likelihood of data not satisfying the bound on the risk. The cases when the two proportions are equal to a fixed or to a random value are examined.     

The Dynamic Relationship Between the Dollar and Components of U.S. Trade

The dynamic response of the nominal trade account to changes in the value of the U.S. dollar has been posited to follow a J-curve pattern. Recent experience calls this into question. The aggregate nominal trade balance is decomposed here into four components, both prices and volumes of imports and exports. Time series specification tests and Granger tests of causal priority are employed to identify the existence and nature of the response of each individual component to dollar movements. Surprisingly weak and delayed responses of both import prices and volumes are found, suggesting a new view of trade-balance evolution.     

A median loss control chart for monitoring quality loss under skewed distributions

The quality and loss of products are crucial factors separating competitive companies in global market. Firms widely employ a loss function to measure the loss caused by a deviation of the quality variable from the target value. Monitoring this deviation from the process target value is important from the view of Taguchi’s philosophy. In reality, there are many situations where the distribution of the quality variable may not be normal but skewed. This paper aims at developing a median loss (ML) control chart for monitoring quality loss under skewed distributions. Both the cases with fixed and variable sampling intervals are considered. Numerical results show that the ML chart with (optimal) variable sampling intervals performs better than the ML chart in detecting small to moderate shifts in the process loss centre or in the difference of mean and target and/or variance of a process variable. The ML chart and the ML chart with variable sampling intervals also illustrate the best performance in detection out-of-control process for a process quality variable with a left-skewed distribution. A numerical example illustrates the application of the proposed control chart.     

Extreme value index estimator using maximum likelihood and moment estimation

ABSTRACT

When a distribution function is in the max domain of attraction of an extreme value distribution, its tail can be well approximated by a generalized Pareto distribution. Based on this fact we use a moment estimation idea to propose an adapted maximum likelihood estimator for the extreme value index, which can be understood as a combination of the maximum likelihood estimation and moment estimation. Under certain regularity conditions, we derive the asymptotic normality of the new estimator and investigate its finite sample behavior by comparing with several classical or competitive estimators. A simulation study shows that the new estimator is competitive with other estimators in view of average bias, average MSE, and coefficient of variance of the new device for the optimal selection of the threshold.     

Optimal PPS Sampling with Vanishing Auxiliary Variables – with Applications in Microscopy

Recently, non‐uniform sampling has been suggested in microscopy to increase efficiency. More precisely, proportional to size (PPS) sampling has been introduced, where the probability of sampling a unit in the population is proportional to the value of an auxiliary variable. In the microscopy application, the sampling units are fields of view, and the auxiliary variables are easily observed approximations to the variables of interest. Unfortunately, often some auxiliary variables vanish, that is, are zero‐valued. Consequently, part of the population is inaccessible in PPS sampling. We propose a modification of the design based on a stratification idea, for which an optimal solution can be found, using a model‐assisted approach. The new optimal design also applies to the case where ‘vanish’ refers to missing auxiliary variables and has independent interest in sampling theory. We verify robustness of the new approach by numerical results, and we use real data to illustrate the applicability.