共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Marcella Gemelli 《Gender Issues》2008,25(2):101-113
This article explores the ideas of low-income single mothers on certain aspects of welfare reform, namely the Marriage Promotion
Act, which uses funds for the formation and maintenance of two parent families. Drawing on research with former and current
welfare recipients, the author explores how the mothers felt about certain welfare reform policies while trying to understand
their current work and family arrangements. Two main ideas behind welfare reform were to encourage paid work and two parent
families. While the mothers acknowledged that having access to a second wage earner would help themselves and their children
realize a life less complicated by monetary issues, they expressed anger and frustration at being encouraged to marry. Welfare
reform dictates that families receiving assistance take personal responsibility for their low-income lives and that paid work
is essential to moving a family out of poverty. The stories from the mothers interviewed for this study suggest that while
they valued work and wanted to work, to combine work with being a “good mother” was difficult to accomplish. Ultimately, what
these mothers suggest through their experiences is the contradiction of welfare reform—paid work does not necessarily provide
independence and marriage to another wage earner also undermines independence.
相似文献
Marcella GemelliEmail: |
2.
Though surveys repeatedly demonstrate that most women who are homeless alone have minor children living apart from them, there
is little information on the circumstances of their separations or whether and how they remain involved with their children.
Analysis of data from in-depth interviews with mothers, relatives caring for their children, and shelter and child welfare
staff highlights a tension between perspectives and aspirations of mothers and the agendas and social processes through which
institutional systems manage the family life of women marginalized by homelessness and disability. Though women’s agency is
evident in their efforts to maintain parenting roles, without facilitating resources and supportive structures, agency is
often reduced to unpalatable choices among constraining alternatives. We consider how service systems might mitigate barriers
to mothering as well as broader changes needed to genuinely support women’s aspirations for themselves and their families.
相似文献
Susan M. BarrowEmail: |
3.
Investigations with homeless populations have focused on those living on the streets or in shelters; few have examined phenomena
based on respondents’ self-definitions as homeless or not. This investigation examined similarities and differences among
risk factors (including mental health, substance abuse, religion/spirituality, social support, and risky sexual behaviors)
using two definitions of homelessness: one where place of residence defined individuals as homeless (the ‘objective’ or traditional,
definition) and another where respondents defined themselves as homeless (the ‘subjective’ definition). Data come from the
baseline survey of the NIAAA-funded “Sister-to-Sister” study (n = 339) of heavy-drinking women. Subjectively defined homelessness was associated with higher rates of mental health and substance
use disorders, lower rates of condom use, higher rates of trading sex for food, and less social support. Objectively defined
homelessness was associated with higher rates of drinking in abandoned buildings, on the streets, and in public restrooms,
more new sexual partners, and higher rates of trading sex for heroin and speedballs. Investigations failing to ask for subjective
information may misattribute some factors to homelessness which may overestimate the effect of various factors on homelessness.
Investigators should ask respondents to define their homelessness, or they lose an important dimension of the concept of homelessness.
相似文献
Linda B. CottlerEmail: |
4.
Jennifer Tomlinson 《Gender Issues》2008,25(4):246-266
The paper aims to develop a framework to understand the variant use of part-time work by employed mothers in the UK and US.
In particular, this paper seeks to explore how diversity in the use of part-time work can be explained when both countries
are associated with a neo-liberal form of capitalism (Hall and Soskice, Varieties of Capitalism: the institutional foundations
of comparative advantage, 2001) and welfare regime (Esping-Andersen, The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990). It is
argued here that by combining aspects of the Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and welfare regimes literatures with Gender Regime
theory (Walby, Social Politics, 11(1):4–29, 2004), a gender centred analysis of both the causes and consequences of divergent
working-time patterns can be more adequately achieved.
相似文献
Jennifer TomlinsonEmail: |
5.
Using technology domestication theory as the analytical framework, this paper discusses the findings of ethnographic interviews
with middle class families in China and South Korea, comparing how they incorporate information and communication technologies
(ICTs) into their lives. It analyses how family priorities, cultural values and social pressures influence the ways in which
ICT use is woven into their lives, in the process invigorating traditional forms and networks of communication like guanxi for the Chinese and Cheong for the Koreans. It also pays special attention to supervision of ICT use and considers how the societal valorisation of
academic excellence influences parental strategies in this regard.
Sun Sun LIM (PhD, LSE) is Assistant Professor at the Communications and New Media Programme, National University of Singapore. She studies new media literacy and technology domestication by families in Asia, having conducted research in China, South Korea and Singapore. 相似文献
Sun Sun LimEmail: |
Sun Sun LIM (PhD, LSE) is Assistant Professor at the Communications and New Media Programme, National University of Singapore. She studies new media literacy and technology domestication by families in Asia, having conducted research in China, South Korea and Singapore. 相似文献
6.
Keri Weber Sikich 《Gender Issues》2008,25(3):147-156
International female homelessness is a difficult subject to address for a number of reasons. First, understanding what defines
homelessness poses a problem because female homelessness often takes on a different form than that of male homelessness. Also,
homelessness in industrialized countries looks different from that of developing nations where women are more likely to have
inadequate housing in temporary shelters or live as squatters. Both of these factors affect the visibility of female homelessness
as well as the ability to garner an accurate account of the number of homeless women around the world. Understanding the causes
of female homelessness from a global perspective is no less difficult to comprehend because it encompasses so many other multifaceted
issues. Women in developing nations face a different set of issues than their counterparts in the industrialized world because
of differences in property rights, women’s rights generally, access to education, and access to social services. Finally,
immigrant women face a unique set of circumstances of being a foreigner without an adequate social support network.
Keri Weber Sikich is a Ph.D. student at American University in the Justice, Law and Society Department. She has a Master’s Degree in International Relations from the University of Chicago. 相似文献
Keri Weber SikichEmail: |
Keri Weber Sikich is a Ph.D. student at American University in the Justice, Law and Society Department. She has a Master’s Degree in International Relations from the University of Chicago. 相似文献
7.
Julie A. Winterich 《Gender Issues》2007,24(3):51-69
In this article, I analyze interviews with a diverse group of 30 women aged 46–71 to understand how they experience signs
of aging, such as weight gain, gray hair, and facial hair, in everyday life. I find that some women’s responses are in line
with normative femininity and appearance norms. Others, however, focus on different gendered meanings of the body that are
connected to care-taking, work, ageist treatment, and past abuse. I argue that feminists should apply the theoretical concept
of femininity more broadly than appearance and attraction issues to gain a deeper understanding of the multiple meanings of
living in an aging female body in a gendered society. In the conclusion, I discuss the implications of this study for public
health policies as well as future research on gender and the body.
相似文献
Julie A. WinterichEmail: |
8.
Women and minorities have consistently experienced marginalization and inequality in the United States, with low-income, immigrant
and refugee women experiencing the most severe forms. This paper explores how we can restructure one area in which disparities
exist, the primary healthcare system, to provide respectful, compassionate, accessible and adequate care to refugee and low-income
women who are medically at-risk during pregnancy. This will be done by reviewing the Priscilla Project, an inner-city program
that serves at-risk pregnant women in Buffalo, NY, including the history and persistence of disparities in healthcare, activities
and impact of the program, and the uniquely contextualized program paradigm.
相似文献
Jimmy RoweEmail: |
9.
Jan M. Hoem Dora Kostova Aiva Jasilioniene Cornelia Mureşan 《Revue europeenne de demographie》2009,25(3):239-255
Using data from the first round of the national Gender and Generations Surveys of Russia, Romania, and Bulgaria, and from
a similar survey of Hungary, which were all collected in recent years, we study rates of entry into marital and non-marital
unions. We have used elements from the narrative of the Second Demographic Transition (SDT) as a vehicle to give our analysis
of the data from the four countries some coherence, and find what can be traces of the SDT in these countries. The details
vary by country; in particular, latter-day developments in union formation patterns did not start at the same time in all
the countries, but in our assessment it began everywhere before communism fell, that is, before the societal transition to
a market economy got underway in 1990.
相似文献
Jan M. HoemEmail: |
10.
Adele E. Clarke 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):303-326
This special issue of EASTS examines reproductive technoscience, gender, and the formation of East Asian modernities across the twentieth and into the
twenty-first century. We begin our introduction with a brief overview of social science scholarship to date on reproductive
topics. We then turn to emergent trends: going to and coming from beyond the West, complicating the issues, and intensive
localizing and comparative research. Next, we discuss themes that cut across considerations of gender, reproductive technologies,
and related issues in East Asia: issues of imperialisms and colonialisms as roots and contexts, postcolonial and nationalist
forms of embeddedness, feminist theories of gender and transnationalism, and relations of gender and reproductive technologies
to biological citizenship. Last is an introduction to the articles in this special issue.
相似文献
Adele E. ClarkeEmail: |
11.
Race-Class-Gender Theory: An Image(ry) Problem 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Ivy Ken 《Gender Issues》2007,24(2):1-20
For over 100 years, but particularly since the 1980s, scholars have heavily relied on images of race, class, and gender as
“intersecting” and “interlocking” forms of oppression and disempowerment. This imagery has helped feminists develop the empirically
grounded theoretical premises that (1) race, class, and gender are social structural locations, (2) structural locations shape
perspectives, (3) no individual is all-oppressed or all-oppressing, (4) the meanings of race, class, and gender are localized,
and (5) race, class, and gender depend on and (6) mutually constitute each other. In this article I synthesize these premises
to reveal some opportunities for theoretical development that may inspire a new generation of race-class-gender scholarship.
I argue that while intersection is fairly limited as a conceptual image, the interlocking imagery can help us identify how
the relationships among these structures of oppression have become institutionalized.
相似文献
Ivy KenEmail: |
12.
Mareile Flitsch 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(2):265-288
Knowledge organisation, embodiment of knowledge and knowledge representation are important issues for an anthropology of technology,
which seeks to explore the ways in which people find and shape everyday solutions to social and technical challenges. This
article discusses the impact of skill and of risk prevention on women’s decision-making, as well as on the domestication and
appropriation of new technologies. Particular attention is paid to non-synchronicity as a retarding factor and to the obsolescence
of skills as a critical moment in the transformation of socio-technical systems in twentieth century rural northern China
as elsewhere.
相似文献
Mareile FlitschEmail: |
13.
This article examines birth control as practice and discourse in 1920s and 1930s Korea under Japanese colonial rule and explores
links with family planning and reproductive practices in post-1945 South Korea. The control of women’s reproduction held critical
implications for meanings of domesticity, marriage, sexual relations, and new womanhood. While a woman-centered position did
emerge regarding birth control, the parameters of the discourse, concerns of gynecology, and the material culture of birth
control ultimately tied the bodies and health of women to their biological and social roles as mothers.
相似文献
Sonja KimEmail: |
14.
Emma Bayne 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):130-140
Sweden is often hailed as a pioneering country regarding gender equity, but it still has gender equity issues to deal with,
and gender stereotyping is sometimes mentioned as one of them. Since the 1990s, Sweden has seen the emergence of many gender
pedagogy projects, not least in pre-schools. With gender equity projects among adults yielding limited results, the focus
has shifted to children to see if gender stereotypes can be countered in childhood. This article aims to provide an overview
of the gender pedagogy projects that have been carried out in Swedish pre-schools. The article covers background, methods
and insights gained.
相似文献
Emma BayneEmail: |
15.
In Korea, scientific excellence has been perceived as one of the key elements of modern nation-building. Moreover, from the
late 1990s to the early 2000s, the government represented biotechnology as the future engine of the economy. Hwang succeeded
in representing himself as the hero of Korean science by appropriating the public eagerness for scientific achievement. However,
he relied on nationalist rhetoric too often against criticisms, which eventually made a considerable part of the public turn
skeptical about his integrity. Although various forms of techno-nationalism are still pervasive in Korea, Hwang’s scandal
has given a valuable chance for reflection on the relationship of science and nationalism.
相似文献
Tae-Ho KimEmail: |
16.
John P. DiMoia 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(3):361-379
This paper looks at the formation of a South Korean national health network by focusing on the introduction of an ambitious
National Family Planning (FP) Program under President Park Chung Hee (1961–1968). The program, influenced in part by the model
of its neighbor, Taiwan (Taichung), saw two pilot studies carried out in Koyang (rural, beginning in 1963) and Sundong-gu
(Seoul metropolitan area, 1964–1966), before being carried to rural areas nationwide. If the program began with numerous echoes
of Japanese colonial practice, it was mobilized specifically in terms of the emerging “modern” South Korean story and the
state’s relationship to the welfare of the individual family unit. Using a range of Korean and English-language sources, the
paper illustrates how the FP effort took: (1) the Koyang study of the effects of mass communication in rural areas as a tentative
blueprint for expanding its national agenda; (2) subsequently enlisted mobile transportation (1966) to expand the scope of
its reach; and finally, mobilized “Mothers’ Clubs” (1968) to penetrate the very fabric of rural society, making women both
the target as well as the primary means of distribution. Ultimately, this strategy of enlisting the active participation of
South Korean women on behalf of the program asked rural women in particular to submit their bodies to the state’s scrutiny,
even as they formed the core of the distribution network. In this respect, FP anticipated the mass mobilization of rural South
Korea in the New Village movement of the 1970s and leaves behind an ambiguous legacy of state control that is only just beginning
to be re-examined.
相似文献
John P. DiMoiaEmail: |
17.
Marshall H. Medoff 《Gender Issues》2008,25(1):1-10
Prior research has consistently found that state laws which restrict the access and the availability of abortion services
directly reduce abortion demand. This study examines whether these laws also have a spillover effect on abortion demand due
to the increase in the price of an abortion that may result from the higher costs imposed on abortion providers as a result
of complying with these laws. The empirical results find that the enforcement of a parental notification law and a mandatory
counseling law causes an increase in the price charged by abortion providers by over 13% and 9%, respectively. Based on previous
estimates of the price elasticity of abortion demand, this implies that the spillover effect of a parental notification law
and a mandatory counseling law is to reduce the demand for abortion, through their increase on the price of an abortion, by
between 9.4% and 13.6% for a parental notification law and between 6.5% and 9.4% for a mandatory counseling law.
相似文献
Marshall H. MedoffEmail: |
18.
Judith Kleinfeld 《Gender Issues》2009,26(2):113-129
The existence of a “boy crisis” in the United States is a topic of public policy debate. This study examines the state of
American boyhood, using not only the commonly reviewed indicators of school achievement but also mental health, premature
death, injury, delinquency, and arrests. Boys are in trouble in many areas: low rates of literacy, low grades and engagement
in school, high dropout from school, and dramatically higher rates of placement in special education, suicide, premature death,
injuries, and arrests. Girls, however, suffer from other problems, especially depression, suicidal ideation and attempts,
and eating disorders, and are less likely to achieve at the very highest levels in mathematics and science. This study argues
that both boys and girls suffer from characteristic problems, but the issues affecting boys are serious and neglected.
相似文献
Judith KleinfeldEmail: |
19.
Melinda Cooper 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2008,2(1):73-92
The State Food and Drug Administration of China has reported a dramatic increase in multicentre, multinational clinical trials
over the past several years. This is in keeping with a growing trend towards the off-shore outsourcing of clinical trials
from North America and Western Europe to ‘nontraditional locations’ such as Eastern Europe, China, and India. Within China,
the post-socialist reform of health care, internal divisions of labour and the politicization of the healthcare system have
all created the conditions under which contract clinical trial work is becoming an imperative both for hospitals and the growing
number of working uninsured. The paper brings together a critical insight into current theories of bioeconomic innovation
with new political economies of informal labour and offshoring. It argues that the clinical trial phase in the production
of bioeconomic value is routinely overlooked in scholarly accounts but is key to understanding the speculative overinvestment
and translational difficulties of the pharmaceutical industries today. As a way of reformulating the problem, the paper suggests
that human subject experimentation would be more fruitfully reconfigured as a form of labour—experimental or clinical labour.
The research hospital clinic therefore emerges as an export labour zone in ‘experimental body work.’
相似文献
Melinda CooperEmail: |
20.
Theresa MacPhail 《East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal》2009,3(1):27-50
The overall ‘problem’ in early accounts of science and/or medicine in China seemed to center upon whether or not China possessed
or could acquire modern Western science. However, in the twenty-first century there is now little debate over whether or not
China has science. Yet, questions and concerns about science in China linger. The ‘problem’ of science in China has moved
away from a paradigm focused on possession or capability, to that of the correct or ethical application of Chinese science
and technology. In this essay, I will argue that the shifting of the so-called problem of Chinese science reflects larger
Western concerns about the definition and control of science itself, the rise of China as an international power, and the
ability to 'compete' in a global market predicated on the creation and application of new science and technologies.
相似文献
Theresa MacPhailEmail: |