知识接收方视角下社会资本对知识转移的影响研究

已有关于知识转移的研究大多集中于如何激励知识源促使其进行知识转移,并假定知识接收方能够接收来自于知识源的知识.为克服此种偏见,基于知识接收方视角,在分析社会资本对知识转移作用的基础上,以6家广东省企业的7个研发团队为样本,运用多层线性回归分析方法实证研究知识接收方社会资本、知识接收方与知识源间的对偶关系对于知识转移的影响,检验知识接收方社会资本在对偶关系与知识转移间的调节作用.研究结果表明,知识接收方社会资本3个维度中信任水平显著促进知识转移,公司任期对知识转移存在负向影响,而网络中心性对知识转移的作用不显著;对偶关系方面,知识源专业知识感知和关系强度对知识转移都存在显著正向影响,知识接收方网络中心性在对偶关系与知识转移之间起调节作用.     

战略联盟伙伴间特征与联盟管理实践转移

为了探究联盟管理方法、流程和技能如何在联盟伙伴之间转移,引入联盟管理实践,并对其进行界定。基于知识基础理论,探讨战略联盟伙伴间的行为要素（共同行动）、文化要素（文化相似性）和关系要素（关系团结）3个特征对联盟管理实践获取的影响,研究联盟管理实践转移的3个阶段（即联盟管理实践获取、联盟管理实践应用和联盟管理实践内化）之间的关系。通过对205家联盟企业进行问卷调研获得研究样本,每个企业包括2个关键信息提供者,运用逐步层级回归对假设进行检验。研究结果表明,共同行动和文化相似性均会促进联盟管理实践获取,关系团结与联盟管理实践获取的倒U形相关关系不显著,联盟管理实践应用在联盟管理实践获取与联盟管理实践内化之间起部分中介作用。     

基于结构方程模型的知识联盟激励协同序参量关系研究

基于全国多家知识联盟企业数据,探讨了知识联盟激励协同序参量关系的问题,提出了激励协同序参量的4个维度,并使用结构方程模型对其关系进行了检验。研究表明,活性激励对显性激励、隐性激励、涌现激励都有显著直接正向影响;显性激励对隐性激励有显著的影响;隐性激励对涌现激励有显著的直接正向影响;显性激励对涌现激励没有显著的直接影响,但通过隐性激励对涌现激励有显著的间接影响。由此,进一步拓展了知识联盟激励协同的相关理论,对维持知识联盟的有序发展有重要的指导意义。     

第四方物流努力水平影响的物流分包激励机制研究

本文考虑了第四方物流在整合物流资源时所付出的努力水平对第三方物流产出的影响,运用委托代理理论,研究了第四方物流分包时对多个第三方物流的激励问题,得出了第四方物流能力越强,付出的努力水平越高;第三方物流能力越强,越会更努力的工作;第四方物流给予能力强的第三方物流更多的激励的结论。     

软件外包中社会资本对知识共享的影响研究

基于已有文献提出软件外包中结构资本、认知资本、关系资本与知识共享之间相关关系的概念模型,并提出假设。通过对西安软件园14家软件外包企业中管理者的访谈及相关员工的问卷调查,用结构方程模型方法、SPSS 16.0等软件对数据进行验证,实证结果表明:结构资本与知识共享没有显著关系;认知资本与知识共享有正相关关系,但并不显著;关系资本与知识共享有正相关关系,也不显著。对结构方程模型进行简化后,社会资本对知识共享有着显著的正向影响。     

发展中国家企业技术能力提升因素的实证研究

企业技术能力提升是内外部诸多因素协同作用的结果.对发展中国家企业技术能力内涵加以界定,以产业环境驱动、技术合作网络、外部技术转移和内部技术努力4个维度的各因素为基础.构建发展中国家企业技术能力提升因素的理论模型,并利用191家中国技术密集型制造企业的调研数据对理论模型和相关假设进行验证.研究表明,产业环境驱动维度的因素都对技术能力提升有显著影响,其中政策支持和产业协同对能力提升呈正向影响,市场压力对能力提升呈负向影响;技术合作网络维度的纵向和横向技术合作关系对技术能力提升没有显著影响;外部技术转移对技术能力提升呈现出显著负向影响;内部技术努力中的技术投入对技术能力提升有显著正向影响,创新氛围对技术能力提升没有显著影响.在结合实际对实证结果进行分析和讨论的基础上,提出提升中国企业技术能力的对策.     

基于多任务委托代理的业主与承包商激励模型

基于多任务委托代理并结合工程项目特点,以拓展型Cobb-Douglas生产函数反映工期、成本和质量多任务努力投入情况下工程项目的产出,构建了业主与承包商激励模型.结果表明,承包商在工期、成本和质量任务上的最优努力水平与综合技术水平正相关,与各自任务的边际努力成本变化率负相关;业主对承包商的最优激励系数一方面受承包商自身因素影响,包括承包商的综合技术水平、绝对风险规避度以及边际努力成本变化率,另一方面取决于项目不同任务的重要性及所处环境的不确定性.研究结果有助于业主选择适当的激励强度并实现合理的风险分担.     

研发联盟中的初始信任与控制战略:基于中国制药产业的研究

在技术存在高度不确定性的研究开发联盟中,信任与控制关系的处理方式是决定联盟绩效的关键因素。本研究以中国制药产业研发联盟为对象,对联盟达成前的初始信任与控制战略的关系进行了系统的考察,发现能力信任与过程控制、自我保护控制正相关;善意信任与结果控制、自我保护控制负相关;而技术不确定性对信任与控制战略的选择影响的相关性具有调节作用。     

不同团队类型研发人员知识共享意愿激励的实证研究

构建了基于2种团队类型的企业研发人员知识共享意愿激励模型,并采用问卷调查法,运用相关分析和层级逐步回归分析对回收的339份有效问卷数据进行假设验证。研究发现:影响研发人员知识共享意愿的最大因素是属于内在激励的助人所得乐趣;无论是在职能团队还是在跨职能团队中,内在激励对研发人员知识共享意愿均有显著正向影响;团队类型对外在激励因素(组织报酬因素)与知识共享意愿关系具有显著调节作用,即在跨职能团队中外在激励对研发人员知识共享意愿有显著正向影响,而在职能团队中外在激励对知识共享意愿则呈现弱的负向影响。     

我国中小企业策略联盟绩效及其影响因素的实证研究

探讨并提出了中小企业策略联盟绩效衡量指标、策略联盟绩效影响因素,对于策略联盟绩效和影响因素的关系提出相关假设,并在此基础上建立了中小企业策略联盟绩效及其影响因素的关系模型。运用问卷调查、访谈所获得的统计数据和Lisrel模型与软件,通过实证研究手段具体分析了我国中小企业现阶段策略联盟绩效影响因素对策略联盟绩效的影响关系与影响程度,进而检验了策略联盟绩效影响因素模型中的各项假设。     

采用监督信号的供应链内部知识转移激励机制

目前,一些与激励机制有关的研究开始在供应链内部知识转移中展开,但通常仅考虑对知识供给方的激励而忽略了对知识供给方的监督,致使激励效果受到限制。为解决此问题,采用数学建模与计算机仿真分析方法,通过引入监督信号,在供应链内部成员间知识转移基本激励模型的基础上,分别建立供应链上下级和同级成员间知识转移激励模型。研究发现,采用监督信号后,无论是上下级还是同级成员之间,供应链内部知识转移的收益水平和转移效率均得到了提升,但相比同级成员,供应链上下级成员间知识转移的收益水平和转移效率更高,收益更大。研究成果能为供应链企业有效开展知识转移活动和提升供应链竞争能力提供实践指导。     

Knowledge Management in Strategic Alliances: A Review of Empirical Evidence

Knowledge‐related and organizational learning processes in alliances have received much attention throughout the last 25 years. The field has generated a rapidly growing body of empirical evidence on how knowledge is managed in alliances. However, the sphere is highly complex, fragmented, incoherent, and heterogeneous in terms of the theoretical approaches applied. This paper presents an integrative and organizing framework for the empirical literature on knowledge management in strategic alliances. It illustrates how the knowledge management outcomes of knowledge creation, transfer and application are determined by four distinct sets of factors: knowledge characteristics, partner characteristics, partner interaction, and active knowledge management. Based on this framework, this review analyses and integrates empirical evidence in order to identify where findings converge and where results conflict. So far, research has focused strongly on singular interrelations between these four sets of factors and the transfer of knowledge. Conversely, the questions of how knowledge is created, retained, retrieved and applied and how the interplay of the different factors affects knowledge management in strategic alliances remain widely unexplored. The review concludes with a summary of the current state of the art in empirical research and discusses some promising avenues for future investigation.     

Cooperation and Knowledge Transfer within Buyer–Supplier Relationships: The Moderating Properties of Trust,Relationship Duration and Supplier Performance*

This paper examines the effect of relational factors on knowledge transfer within strategic buyer–supplier exchange. Prior research examining inter‐firm knowledge transfer has focused almost exclusively on horizontal forms of governance such as strategic alliances and joint ventures, whilst research on vertical forms, such as buyer–supplier relationships, is limited. We test the effect of four important relational properties: cooperation, trust, relationship duration and supplier performance. Quantitative data, gathered from 104 UK manufacturing firms in eight industry sectors, are used to analyse the hypothesized relationships through a moderated hierarchical regression model. Our study provides support for the importance of considering relational factors in the transfer of knowledge at the inter‐organizational level. In particular, the results indicate that knowledge transfer is positively influenced by the extent of cooperation, but that this relationship is moderated by the level of trust and the performance of the supplier firm. Managerial implications for these findings and future directions for research are then offered.     

Coping with Diversity in Alliances for Innovation: The Role of Relational Social Capital and Knowledge Codifiability

Alliances are increasingly considered a key element for innovation, especially in knowledge‐intensive firms. While this is true, the mere membership to alliances does not explain innovation performance, and thus the alliance's characteristics that determine high performance must be examined. This research address the question of how the diversity of partners in a certain alliance for innovation affects innovation performance, and how this influence can be moderated by certain characteristics, such as the relational dimension of social capital and the type of knowledge shared among partners. The empirical analysis of a sample of 90 biotech companies shows that there is an inverted U‐shaped relationship between alliance partner diversity and innovation performance and confirms the positive moderating effects of relational social capital and knowledge codifiability. These findings contribute to the current research on alliances for innovation by providing empirical evidence on why some alliances perform better than others. Also, the results suggest that the study of alliance partner diversity, as a determinant of alliance performance, should not be addressed in isolation.     

A Resource-based View of Strategic Alliances and Firm Value in the Electronic Marketplace

This study relies on the resource-based view to examine how alliances of e-commerce firms affect firm value in an emerging business sector. Using an event study method, we investigate 272 alliances of 69 e-commerce firms. Our findings show that alliances of e-commerce firms in general have a positive effect on firm value. Unlike previous studies of alliances, we find that marketing alliances generate significantly greater firm value than technology alliances. Our results also show that alliances with other e-commerce partners do not have a significantly different effect on firm value than alliances with bricks-and-mortar partners. Implications and avenues for future research are discussed.     

Knowledge Accession and Knowledge Acquisition in Strategic Alliances: The Impact of Supplementary and Complementary Dimensions

This paper advances the concepts of knowledge accession and knowledge acquisition in strategic alliances by identifying supplementary and complementary dimensions to these knowledge transfer modes. Complementary knowledge transfer reflects the similarity of knowledge that the partners have and is conducted in pursuit of higher efficiency and productivity to enhance partner firms' existing competitiveness. Supplementary knowledge transfer occurs when partners each possess distinctive core competences and the information that is acquired or accessed increases the business scope of partners. As knowledge accession entails knowledge amalgamation that does not involve organizational learning, costs associated with the transfer process are lower and trust is easier to establish than in the case of knowledge acquisition. The paper reviews the implications of these transfer modes on trust building in alliances and their costs implications and presents a number of propositions for further exploration.     

Can a Previous Alliance Between an Acquirer and a Target Affect Acquisition Performance?

Throughout the 1990s, organizations have been combining resources through acquisitions and alliances in record numbers. An acquirer’s previous alliance with a target may give an acquirer target-specific information and experience that may be an advantage-producing resource in selection, valuation and integration of the target. This study investigates whether a previous alliance between an acquirer and a target affects post-acquisition performance and finds that a previous alliance between an acquirer and a target correlates positively with acquisition performance. Acquirers’ previous R&D, technology transfer, manufacturing and marketing alliances with targets benefit acquisition performance more than their previous licensing alliances with targets. Furthermore, target-specific learning effects are strongest and most beneficial to acquisition performance in acquirers’ previous technology transfer and manufacturing alliances with targets.     

The Impacts of Alliance Purpose and Partner Similarity on Alliance Governance

It is generally recognized that the governance structure of an alliance has an impact on its probability of success. In this study, we examine the choice between two alternative alliance governance structures: equity and non-equity. Drawing from transaction cost economics, two sets of factors, namely alliance purpose (R&D or marketing) and cultural distance between partners, are hypothesized to influence the above choice. We further hypothesize that collaborative R&D alliances, where both parties contribute technical knowledge, are more likely to lead to the formation of equity alliances than non-collaborative research agreements, where only one partner may be doing the research work. Based on a sample of 2407 alliances formed in the global biotechnology industry, we find partial support for the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, we find that collaborative R&D alliances are more likely to be equity alliances, whereas non-collaborative R&D alliances do not have any impact on the choice of the governance form. We also find that alliances formed with a marketing purpose are less likely to be equity alliances. We did not find any relationship between cultural distance and the choice of equity alliances.     

Alliance formation issues for knowledge-based enterprises

Inter-firm collaboration among knowledge-intensive firms is increasing as a result of accelerating competition, falling regulatory barriers and rising customer expectations. Resource dependency theory is used to position knowledge as the key resource for the knowledge-based enterprise and to examine the suitability of alliances as a mode of knowledge acquisition and exchange, contrasted particularly with merger and acquisition. The alliance and knowledge literatures are reviewed, and particular attention is paid to the critical alliance formation stage. This stage is reviewed against a research model that posits firm performance in knowledge creation arises from a number of factors, including the motivation for an alliance, partner firm characteristics (the ability to develop and sustain valuable resources; absorptive capacity; combinative capability; experience with alliances; and appropriate design for knowledge exchange), the development of operating structures and norms, and the choice of alliance structure. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research..     

Entrepreneurial orientation in vertical alliances: joint product innovation and learning from allies

This paper clarifies how a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO) affects joint product innovation within a vertical alliance and how this is influenced by increasing technological uncertainty and the absorption of knowledge from the alliance partners. The results of a structural equation model with latent interactions on 171 firms in the manufacturing industry indicate that the focal firm’s EO increases joint innovation, although this positive effect declines when a high level of uncertainty increases. On the other hand, the ability to absorb partners’ knowledge increases joint product innovation. As such, this study’s results contribute to research in the field of vertical alliances, EO, and the theoretical foundation of a dynamic capability perspective.