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1.
The current crisis of neoliberalism is calling into question the relevance of key international institutions. We analyze the
origins, nature, and possible impacts of the crisis through comparing two such institutions: the International Monetary Fund
(IMF) and the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both originated in the post-World War II U.S.-led hegemonic order and were transformed
as part of the transition to global neoliberalism. We show that while the IMF and the WTO have been part of the same hegemonic
project, their distinct institutional features have put them on significantly different trajectories. Historical differences
in the two institutions’ systems of rules have placed the IMF in a more vulnerable position than the WTO, which provides clues
to the future contours of global economic governance.
Nitsan Chorev is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Brown University. She is the author of Remaking U.S. Trade Policy: from Protectionism to Globalization (Cornell University Press, 2007), and is now working on a book on the global politics of health. Sarah Babb is Associate Professor of Sociology at Boston College. She is the author of Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 2009), which explores the impact of American politics on the World Bank and regional development institutions. 相似文献
Nitsan Chorev (Corresponding author)Email: |
Sarah BabbEmail: |
Nitsan Chorev is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Brown University. She is the author of Remaking U.S. Trade Policy: from Protectionism to Globalization (Cornell University Press, 2007), and is now working on a book on the global politics of health. Sarah Babb is Associate Professor of Sociology at Boston College. She is the author of Behind the Development Banks: Washington Politics, World Poverty, and the Wealth of Nations (University of Chicago Press, 2009), which explores the impact of American politics on the World Bank and regional development institutions. 相似文献
2.
Tammy Smith 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(3):317-333
This article considers the problem of fostering confidence in institutions in a post-war context. Situated in post-war Bosnia,
this article examines interactions between citizens and representatives of municipal governments on newly established local
planning committees to demonstrate that an individual's confidence in an institution and his/her trust in a social intimate
who works in that institution are sociologically different phenomena with correspondingly different outcomes for institution
building. Contrary to the assumption that increased social capital and interpersonal trust positively affect democratic institutions,
this article shows that interpersonal trust may actually undermine the development of institutional confidence.
相似文献
Tammy SmithEmail: |
3.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
The inverse plurality rule—an axiomatization 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Under the ‘inverse plurality rule’, voters specify only their least preferred alternative. Our first result establishes that
this rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies the minimal veto condition (MV). We then prove that the inverse plurality
rule is characterized by MV and the four well known conditions that characterize scoring rules; namely, Anonymity (A), Neutrality
(N), Reinforcement (RE) and Continuity (CO). Our new characterization result is related to the characterizations of approval
voting and of the widely used plurality rule. We finally show how the axiomatization of the inverse plurality rule can be
extended to the axiomatization of elementary scoring rules (vote for t-alternatives scoring rules).
We are indebted to two anonymous referees for their most useful comments.
相似文献
Eyal Baharad (Corresponding author)Email: |
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
5.
This paper provides a multilayered analysis of how lesbian mothers and gay fathers construct their families in a social context
that has been described by Steven Seidman (2004) as “beyond the closet.” We stress how our participants’ family-building experiences are comparable to other non-biologically
related families, but distinct due to heterosexual dominance. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with 18 lesbian birth
mothers and 22 gay fathers, the authors discuss how participants navigate heterosexual dominance in institutions and in personal
interactions.
相似文献
Dana BerkowitzEmail: |
6.
The proceeding of privatization is a tradeoff between short-term equality and long-term efficiency. Under the existing structures
of enterprise management and government powers, enterprise managers are likely to conspire with government officials to decide
the way of ownership transformation and share the benefits from there. The transformation of ownership will enhance the efficiency
of the company. Corruption indeed presses ahead the transformation of company ownership, whereas inequality is also aggravated
during the process. Case studies are provided to demonstrate the relationship between corruption and privatization in China.
Corruption and inequality are what the country pays for their dream of public ownership in 1950s. Equality, efficiency and
maintaining current social and political structure cannot be achieved simultaneously during enterprise restructuring.
相似文献
Shuang Zhang (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |
8.
We study the general class of two-player public-policy contests and specify the asymmetry condition under which a more restrained government intervention that reduces the contestants’ prizes has the “perverse” effect of increasing their aggregate lobbying efforts.
相似文献
Shmuel NitzanEmail: |
9.
Ana Bal 《Transition Studies Review》2008,15(3):499-510
The current account deficit of Romania, both significant in size and persistent, has been a worrying issue affecting the country’s
economic and financial macro-stability also in the medium and long term. This paper sets out to review the causes of that
phenomenon and its coverage resources during the last 2 years, 2006 and 2007, while the final part deals with the potential
developments of said parameters during the post European Union accession period, as well as of their respective influential
factors.
相似文献
Ana BalEmail: |
10.
“Alienation,” in the sense of disenchantment with core institutions of society, increased after the mid-1960s. Most accounts hold that the rise in alienation was uniform across all groups. This paper evaluates the hypothesis of uniform change using data from the Harris Polls. We find evidence of both short-term and long-term shifts in patterns of alienation. Blacks and low-income people are less alienated under Democratic than under Republican administrations. Over the long term, increases in alienation have been larger among women and people without a college degree.
相似文献
David L. WeakliemEmail: |
11.
Margaret S. Sherraden Benjamin Lough Amanda Moore McBride 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(4):395-421
Despite unprecedented recent expansion of international volunteering and service (IVS), there has been relatively little research
on impacts. This paper proposes a conceptual model for impact research based on existing research evidence published in English.
The model suggests that outcomes for host communities, volunteers, and sending communities vary depending on individual and
institutional attributes and capacity. How institutions structure and leverage individual capacity influences who participates
and how they serve, and shapes the impact of volunteer action. The conceptual model provides directions for future research.
相似文献
Margaret S. SherradenEmail: |
12.
Daniel Sieber 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2008,36(4):333-340
Absent fathers are often excluded from the treatment of their children for various reasons. They are often marginalized by
mothers, and unintentionally excluded by clinicians. Absent fathers are also excluded from treatment in fear that their presence
might undermine the competencies of single mothers, which social service agencies serve to empower. This article will discuss
the potential benefits of including absent fathers in family therapy, and how to work with them once engaged in treatment.
相似文献
Daniel SieberEmail: |
13.
We study and compare equilibrium platforms in models of unidimensional electoral competition with two and four policy motivated
parties. We first analyze the plurality game, where the party getting the most votes is elected and implements its proposed
platform. Restrictions on the set of credible announcements are needed to get existence of equilibria. Comparing equilibria
with two and four parties, we obtain that moderate parties react to the introduction of extreme parties by proposing the same
or more extreme equilibrium platforms. We then study the proportional system, where the policy implemented is a weighted sum
of the proposals, with the voting shares as weights. Here, the existence of extreme parties leads moderate ones to choose
more centrist platforms. We finally test the robustness of our results with respect to, first, the enlargement of the strategy
space to entry decisions and, second, to asymmetric distributions of voters' blisspoints.
相似文献
Georges Casamatta (Corresponding author)Email: |
Philippe De DonderEmail: |
14.
This paper analyzes nature protection by a social planner under different ‘utilitarian’ social welfare functions. For that purpose we construct an integrated model of the economy and the ecosystem with explicit consideration of nonhuman species and with competition between human and nonhuman species for land and prey biomass. We characterize and compare the efficient allocations when social welfare is anthropocentric (only consumers have positive welfare weights), when social welfare is biocentric (only nonhuman species have positive welfare weights) and when social welfare is nonanthropocentric (all species have positive welfare weights). Not surprisingly, biocentric social welfare calls for suspending all economic activities. It is more important, however, that both anthropocentrism and nonanthropocentrism make the case for nature protection through different channels, though. Our analysis suggests that one may dispense with the concept of nonanthropocentric social welfare provided that in the anthropocentric framework the consumers' intrinsic valuation of nature is properly accounted for.
相似文献
Thomas Eichner (Corresponding author)Email: |
Rüdiger PethigEmail: |
15.
The dynamic effects from EU membership are crucial for the new member states to catch up with the average income level in
the old member states. To gauge the dynamic effects we follow a two-step procedure in which a gravity equation for bilateral
trade shows the trade effect of EU membership and a growth regression yields the income effect of trade. Shared EU membership
is found to increase trade between two of its member states with about 27%. EU membership may contribute to trade by inducing
countries to improve the quality of their institutions. Trade increases by another 23% if institutions improve, yielding a
total trade increase of 50%. Improved openness increases income by 38% according to our estimates. Adding a small direct effect
of improved institutions on income, the total income effect of EU membership is 40% for the 12 new members and Turkey. This
implies that EU membership, or its effect on trade and institutions, could lead to large economic gains for the new member
states, but does not bring them economically on par with the old member states.
相似文献
Paul J. G. TangEmail: |
16.
Do Reservation Wages Really Decline? Some International Evidence on the Determinants of Reservation Wages 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using cross-country data, we investigate the determinants of reservation wages and their course over the jobless spell. Higher
unemployment benefits lead to higher reservation wages. Further, again consistent with the basic search model, repeated observations
on the same individual provide scant evidence of declining reservation wages.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: |
17.
Yugang Chen 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(1):8-19
Based on the current global financial crisis, the article introduces two recent typical perspectives on international order
from the angle of discussion on the decline of the US, pointing out that the real trend of the development of international
political economic order is flatenization. International power will be distributed in a flat model. In this kind of order
big powers, main regional nation groups and important international organizations and institutions will share power in an
increasingly equal way. The demands for reform of the international financial system against this financial crisis also reflect
the trend of flatenization of the international political economic order.
相似文献
Yugang ChenEmail: |
18.
Winston T. H. Koh 《Social Choice and Welfare》2005,25(1):207-220
We present a general framework to study the project selection problem in an organization of fallible decision-makers. We show
that when the organizational size and the majority rule for project acceptance are optimized simultaneously, the optimal quality of decision-making, as determined by the decision criterion, is invariant, and depends only on the expertise of decision-makers. This result clarifies that the circumstances under which the decision-making
quality varies with the organizational structure are situations where the organizational size or majority rule is restricted
from reaching the optimal level. Moreover, in contrast to earlier findings in the literature that the hierarchy and the polyarchy
are generally sub-optimal structures, we show that when the size, structure and decision criterion are simultaneously optimized,
the hierarchy and the polyarchy are in fact the only possible optimal organizational structures when decision-making costs are present.
相似文献
Winston T. H. KohEmail: |
19.
Improvement of economic policies and institutions and reduced exchange rate volatility are two expected effects arising when
candidates develop prerequisites needed to qualify for EU membership. In this paper, we evaluate whether these two effects
occurred in the Eastern European accession countries by inspecting exchange rate volatility and the evolution of different
indicators of the quality of institutions before and after the start of the negotiation period. We then evaluate the impact
of both effects on growth of real per capita GDP. By comparing the effects on accession countries to a group of control countries,
including transition non candidates, we find that the prospect of accession has a significant effect on output growth, which
starts materializing much before accession and even before the beginning of the negotiations with the EU.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
相似文献
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Paul WachtelEmail: |
20.
This work investigates the robustness of optimal decision rules under a changing size of a decision group where the competence of one member is outstanding while the others possess an identical competence. More specifically, we focus on the expert rule, the almost expert rule and the tie-breaking chairperson rule. We first establish criteria for the optimality of each of these rules and then use it to investigate their robustness. Robustness is an important property of decision rules, especially when cost of adjustment to a new rule is high. Our findings are that the expert rule and the chairperson rule are robust while the almost expert rule is not.
相似文献
Drora KarotkinEmail: |