推进我国“全民阅读”的几点思考

全民阅读率和阅读水平在一定程度上决定一个民族的创造能力和发展潜力,是衡量一个国家社会文明程度的重要标志。因此,应根据阅读本身规律、国内外全民阅读经验和国家战略需要,采取适当的策略,推进我国全民阅读活动,构建全民阅读体系。     

解读的衰落:美国汉学的"哲学转向"

陈汉生和安乐哲对中国思想的哲学解释,尤其是对庄子的解释,其特点在于解读上的显著不足。陈汉生从分析哲学,安乐哲从后现代主义的先入为主的理论假设出发,对庄子进行了不恰当的解释。为了理解一个特定的中国思想家,我们必须在每种情况下对应于特定的思想家而开发出一种解读方式。以庄子的情况为例,我们的任务是发展出一种能够理解庄子的非理解的诠释学。我们的解读方式应该顺着一个特定的文本给我们提供的线索,它不应该被一个一般的理论所规定。     

交际教学法在英语阅读教学中的运用

通过列举英语阅读教学中可采用的一系列课堂活动，探讨了如何改变传统的以教师为中心的教学法为更注重培养学生语言交际能力的以学生为中心的教学法，旨在探索语言阅读教学的最佳途径。     

新诗解读方法说略

若想建构新诗解读理论,使自发阅读上升为自觉鉴赏,应该确立历史主义的态度与立场;把握新诗的艺术个性,破译其隐显适度的意象密码,品味其体现情绪律动的自由化语言,掌握其诗情哲思化的艺术趋势,进行有针对性的阅读;同时要多向拓展研究方法,如引进比较法、整体阅读与细读统一、进行创造性的“悟”读等,从而贴近文本实质。     

从社区居民读书状况看社区图书馆的建设模式

南昌居民读书特点为：家庭藏书不能满足居民的读书需求；读书的主观能动性不足，属于“要用才读书”；在读书方面投入的时间和资金不大。因此，社区图书馆在社区将有着极大的功能发挥空间。社区图书馆的建设必须与时俱进，采用依靠政府支持、创办图书银行、挖掘物业潜力、共享学校与公共图书馆的资源等多元化模式进行建设。     

Foster carers' experiences of a paired reading literacy intervention with looked‐after children

Previous studies have shown that paired reading, a structured literacy intervention, is a promising method for improving looked‐after children's literacy skills. The aim of this study was to explore variations in foster carers' experiences of conducting the intervention. Interviews were carried out with 15 Swedish foster carers with varying experiences in programme compliance and of practicing the method. Findings suggest that the intervention process starts with getting carers involved, which seems to be dependent on a positive carer attitude. Integrating the reading training in the everyday life is another important aspect, which evolves around motivating the child and prioritizing the reading sessions. Furthermore, the results emphasize the need of having a flexible approach when delivering the intervention. The results suggest that it is possible to engage foster carers in literacy training for looked‐after children and that paired reading can provide a model for competent reading and also result in improved child/carer relations. However, participants need support, and in some cases adjustments in the day‐to‐day delivery of the intervention are required.     

'Reading' in Professional Practice: How Social Work Practice Assessors Access Knowledge and Information

This paper presents the results of a survey of the reading habitsof 184 social work practice teachers/assessors in 2005. Newtechnology has transformed the availability of information,but in the UK, social workers, from whom Practice Assessorsare drawn, have been found to have relatively poor access toelectronic resources. The literature also highlights deficitsin social workers’ reading, but suggests that there isa strong oral tradition which may compensate for this. The surveyaimed to show the choices this group of staff makes betweendifferent media and different types of knowledge. It was foundthat oral sources were the most used resource, but that habitsof internet use were also very well developed. Respondents’reading, and particularly their use of the internet, appearedto be strongly influenced by organizational priorities and statutoryroles. Clinical and therapeutic texts and specialist knowledgewere also important to respondents. Books and journals werehighly valued but cost was in many cases a barrier to access.Findings from this survey suggest that Practice Assessors area relatively well resourced group and that the internet is ofgreat importance as a source of information for them.     

Literary reading in the context of media culture

1980年代中国曾掀起文学阅读的高潮,但从1990年代始,文学阅读则进入一个缓慢的衰退期,新世纪以来,其衰退步伐进一步加快。在文学阅读式微的过程中,新媒介扮演着重要角色,其影响主要体现在：因文字转换成图像,接受者的感知结构得以重塑;因读屏代替了读书,阅读过程的沉思冥想无法启动。同时,新媒介还破坏了“孤独”的阅读状态,削平了接受的深度模式。从媒介文化角度看,文学阅读的式微是印刷文化遭到视觉文化重创后的结果,但由于新一代人已生活在视觉文化的环境中,他们游离于文学阅读将变得在所难免。此种阅读状况既会影响文学生产也会波及文学研究。而守护文学阅读并抵制新媒介的人,其私人记忆、感知结构甚至身体习惯恰恰是被印刷文化建构而成的。因此,游离或守护文学阅读的背后,其实隐含的是一种媒介文化的冲突。     

Towards a social history of suffering: Dignity,misery and disrespect

ABSTRACT

This article examines the working-class audience in Soviet Ukraine and the changes in its reading appetites during the 1920s. Under the Soviet nationalities policy of korenizatsiia introduced in 1923, the print-runs of Ukrainian-language literary products increased significantly. Nonetheless, as this article argues, those numerous publications often did not reach Ukrainian readers and if they did, they could hardly satisfy the interest appetites of an ever-growing Ukrainian audience. As the book reviews collected in the second half of the 1920s showed, the worker readers were interested in a certain type of literature – entertaining, easy to comprehend, dealing with contemporary issues and characters – that was not yet available in Ukrainian. Nevertheless, once that literature began to emerge in the late 1920s, the interest in contemporary books in Ukrainian increased. By examining every aspect of reading in Ukrainian – production, dissemination and consumption of the printed word – this article highlights the decisive role of Soviet readership in determining future official Soviet Ukrainian literature. The case of Soviet Ukraine emphasizes regional specifics and introduces an important language component to the Bolshevik reading revolution of the 1920s to early 1930s, largely ignored in the scholarship.     

国际政治学中“区域”概念重构及现实考量

准确界定区域、区域化、区域主义以及区域性等概念,对于中国区域化研究是很有必要的。基于此,本文尝试从国际政治学的角度,对当代区域化研究的概念进行重点分析,希望厘清其准确含义,并以亚欧会议为例,对＂由区域构成的世界＂进行现实考量和解读,从而为中国当前及未来的区域合作理论与实践研究提供一个清晰而准确的概念框架。     

引领农民进书屋策论

农家书屋建成后,后续发展的任务将更加艰巨,有的地方屋空书闲,作用打折。这一瓶颈必须突破。具体举措为:开展阅读演讲、书刊朗读、知识竞赛、读书征文、时事点评、信息发布、书屋讲座等系列化活动,点燃农民的阅读欲望;通过地方媒体开办专栏、权威媒体强势引领、深度报道担当主力、网络媒体广为利用等立体化宣传,助推农民阅读浪潮;实行藏书内容扼要导读、提供网络阅读条件与方法、严格书屋开放服务管理、强化设备配置完善功能、开展屋际资源协作共享、整合其他资源综合利用等多样化服务,搭建农民阅读阶梯。     

Developmental Trajectories of Head Start Children's Reading and Home Environment Scores: Across Ethnicities

ABSTRACT

To investigate the relationship of ethnicity in the development of children in Head Start, this study examined the associations between ethnicities and reading trajectories and whether trajectories of home environment could over time explain their differential associations. Participants (N = 696) were selected from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data. Results indicated some similarities and differences in the results obtained. Study findings suggest including an environmentally sensitive family component in Head Start and suggest an early enrollment policy targeting at-risk populations to maintain long-term Head Start impacts across ethnicities. Future research and follow-up studies should investigate other family components that positively affect long-term development among Black, Hispanic, and White children participating in the Head Start program.     

Length of residence and media usage

This article uses data from the 2002 National Election Survey to investigate the relationship between length of residence and media use to consider whether recent movers might use the media as a source of information about their new communities. Results show that frequency of watching national news, watching local news, and reading a newspaper increases with length of residence. Additionally, respondents’ community involvement and sociodemographic characteristics influence these relationships. Older individuals who have more community interest and live in a place longer make greater use of available media. Better-educated individuals also read the paper more, but watch local news less. Thus, it seems, residentially mobile individuals tend not to use the media for information to aid their adjustment.     

The role of the state in structural transition and economic crisis

As academicians, we emphasize to our students to keep up with class, and always read ahead. When I took over as President-elect of the WSSA in April of 2008, while busy communicating with the Section Coordinators and plan the 2009 Annual Conference (Reno, Nevada), I would occasionally pause and ponder what I would present for my President Address (reading ahead). What do I know that would be of interest to the general membership of the WSSA? I naturally thought of China and its economic reform, as half of my research output over the last decade has been in this area. Then, the subprime crisis came to be, and I wondered about how the economy would cope. I can claim some expertise to the former, but of no special authority regarding the latter. However, I do have some thoughts regarding the role of the State during such economic upheavals, but in a more conceptual manner than a policy solution.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Foucault's Apology

I read Foucault’s essay “What is Enlightenment?” as his apology. Responding perhaps, to those who claim his work undermines Enlightenment thinking, Foucault sketches a way to continue that liberatory tradition, offering his own genealogical critique as an heir to Kant in the promotion of human freedom. This recovery is questionable. In commenting on Kant’s version of the Enlightenment, Foucault fails to examine the archaeology of the key notion of public reason. I attempt a Foucauldian reading of Kant’s essay as an assertion of power rather than of the freedom of thought from power, Foucault’s silence here makes conspicuous the relations of critique. This silence is not fatal, but his apology must be depended for a recovery of critique. The emerging aporia, that in order to criticize power we must first be invested by and implicated in it, is a profound, but not unanswerable, challenge to any contemporary attempt to retain the liberatory promise of Enlightenment thinking.     

提高科技期刊质量的途径研究

科技期刊的质量受制于编辑人员素质、来稿质量、编校质量、工艺方法等多种因素,为了全面提高科技期刊质量,要求从业编辑和校对人员有高度的责任心和认真的工作态度,不断积累工作经验,更新相关学科的专业知识,努力提高自身的业务能力,严把稿件"三审制"的每个环节。严格按照相关出版规范要求,认真对稿件进行编辑加工和校对;还要完善和实行"奖惩制度",激励编辑人员尽心尽责,努力打造优秀期刊和精品期刊。     

Bolstering an Illusory Majority: The Effects of the Media's Portrayal of Death Penalty Support

Objective . Researchers have found a distinct difference between expressed support for the death penalty (which garners a majority of Americans) and expressed preference for the death penalty over other sentences (which attracts only a minority). Despite the strength of this finding in academic circles, the media tend to cover the death penalty as if it were indisputably favored by a majority of Americans. This article tests the effect of this disparity in coverage. Methods . Using an experimental design, respondents were placed in three groups: Condition 1 read a typical media portrayal depicting widespread support for the death penalty, Condition 2 read a realistic portrayal of the mix of preferences for the death penalty and an alternative sentence, and Condition 3 (the control group) read an article unrelated to the death penalty. Results . Compared to the control group and Condition 1, those who read a more realistic account of public opinion on the death penalty (Condition 2) were less supportive of capital punishment, more likely to think death penalty opponents would talk comfortably about their position, and believed the death penalty would become less prevalent in the future. Conclusions . These findings suggest that the unrealistic media portrayal of public opinion on the death penalty is bolstering a sense of inevitability about the issue.     

Textualism,structuralism and originalism： the art of the NPC Standing Committee＇s interpretations of the Basic Law

本文分析了香港回归以来全国人大常委会对香港基本法三次解释中所采用的法律解释方法,包括文本解释、结构解释和立法原意解释等。文章强调“人大释法”在娴熟地采用这些法律解释方法时对法理学说的运用。文章指出,在居港权案中,特区终审法院与人大释法在法律解释方法上的分歧主要在于确定体现立法原意的权威本文的过程中,究竟是采取程序主义的形式审查,还是实质主义的意图推定,这不仅是法律解释方法的不同,而且是法理学说和政治立场的不同。在此基础上,文章批评了立法者不适宜解释法律的流行偏见,呼吁将基本法纳入列国家宪政体制中来理解。     

现代自然观与现代社会观新探

在现代社会条件下,人对自然和社会的认知、改造和创新,必须相互匹配、相互协调、相互促进,才能够实现社会的全面发展、科学发展和可持续发展。要完成这一目标,就必须在全球化的时代背景下,首先树立与全球化发展要求相适应的现代自然观和现代社会观,理顺关系,构建和谐。