中国的拉德布鲁赫研究——原秀男博士逝世二十周年纪念

中国大陆的拉德布鲁赫研究是折射其民主法治进程和法学理论发展的一面镜子。以2003年3月北京召开中国第一届拉德布鲁赫法哲学思想研讨会为契机,对近年来中国大陆的拉德布鲁赫研究进行了类型化的梳理,并在此基础上,对“价值相对主义的仁学展开”问题进行了评述。     

消费者对食品添加剂的风险感知研究

近些年,食品安全事件频频发生,食品安全问题已成为世界性难题。"现代食品工业的灵魂"——食品添加剂,在食品工业中得到广泛应用,也由此引发了不良商家滥用食品添加剂行为,食品添加剂的安全风险已成为了消费者最为关心的食品安全风险之一。本文以南京地区为例,以风险感知为切入点,运用问卷的调研方式,研究发现消费者对食品添加剂的认知较低,年龄、性别以及收入影响消费者对食品添加剂的风险感知,并结合研究结论提出相关建议。     

论法的效力——以拉德布鲁赫的哲学效力论为中心

个人的良心,在许多情况下,与牺牲自己对法的确信相比,更不容易违反实在法,但也可能有良心拒绝服从的“邪恶的法”。——拉德布鲁赫一、问题的所在在拉德布鲁赫法哲学的方法论中,急待解决的重大问题之一是“法的效力”(Rechtsgeltung)问题。这一问题位于其主要著作《法哲学》的第十章。拉德布鲁赫在这一问题中尝试了“规范的”法理念的现实化,即认为法的理想与现实、约束性与实效性,在同时有效这一点上,才能够相互结合。因此,拉德布鲁赫把按照耶利内克(G.Jellinek,1851-1911)的公式所提示的对“法的效力”的疑问,作为“事实上的规范性”加…     

美日经济摩擦:中国人的一些看法

本文对中国学者关于美日经济摩擦的研究现状和主要观点进行归纳和分析。在研究方法上,重点考察了现实主义和相互依存论对中国学者的影响;在问题领域,重点考察了美日对双边经济摩擦的管理,以及美日经济摩擦与其政治—安全关系的互动。文章最后考察了美日经济摩擦对中国的启示     

转基因食品国际援助法律问题研究——兼论发展中国家的应对措施

转基因食品国际援助面临着科学上的争议性、政策上的复杂性、欧美立法上的严重对立性、发展的不平衡性和国际协定的不一致性等重重矛盾。由于欧美转基因食品立法差异以及转基因食品国际援助法律规制的滞后,加之美国积极转嫁剩余转基因食品,争夺海外市场,试图影响受援国国内转基因食品立法,使得发展中国家处于被动和矛盾的地位。发展中国家作为主要的受援国,应平衡食物权、环境权、健康权和发展权之间的关系,积极改革现有食品援助体制,促使未来立法朝着有利于本国利益的方向发展。     

日本处理日美贸易摩擦的经验及其启示

日美贸易摩擦始于20世纪50年代中期,日美贸易摩擦堪称是第二次世界大战后最具代表性的国际贸易摩擦。正因为如此,本文在探究日美贸易摩擦的发展历程及特点的基础上,全面深入分析了日美贸易摩擦产生的原因以及日美贸易摩擦对日本本国经济产生的影响,并且深入总结了日本在处理日美贸易摩擦过程中的应对措施。日本在处理日美贸易摩擦的过程中成功的经验与教训,值得中国在应对中外贸易摩擦过程中予以借鉴。     

小布什政府时期美国对日政策探析

小布什上台后美国在新的背景下迅速调整对日政策。小布什政府在政治上大大提升了日本的国际地位。在军事上,利用日本的军事力量和战略地位,弥补美国力量的不足以实现其全球战略重点向亚洲转移的目标。在经济上,美国加深美日在自由贸易、环境和能源等领域的合作。由于受到集体自卫权和日本和平宪法第九条的限制,美日军事同盟的合作也会受到约束。美日实际不对等的关系以及日本对基地迁移问题上的不满等问题会影响到美日关系。美国对日政策明显具有制衡和遏制中国对付北朝鲜的意图。中国面临着摆脱美日联手对付中国的冷战残余思维的困境。美国对日政策给亚洲地区的和平与稳定产生负面的影响。美日互有战略需求,美日同盟还会长时期的存在。     

美国、日本的东亚政策与东亚现代国际体系

东亚现代国际体系的形成在很大程度上表现为外部力量对东亚既有秩序的冲击、以及东亚内部对外部冲击的反应。日本与美国在东亚的扩张和渗透、对东亚现代国际体系的形成和变迁起到了关键性的作用。在东亚国际体系的形成过程中,美日两国的东亚政策经历了从妥协走向冲突的过程。导致美日冲突的实质是两条不同的国家发展路线之争,是原则之争,这是美日之所以走向战争的根本原因。1945年之后的日本东亚政策的惟一重大变化是手段的变化,从军事手段转变成经济手段。美国在东亚秩序中扮演强权的角色一直未变,正是由此之故,开放地区主义成为了东亚秩序建构的必然特征。     

日美贸易失衡与中美贸易失衡的对比分析——以产业冲击为视角

中美贸易失衡是继日美贸易失衡后美国在经贸领域的又一关注焦点,美国将中美贸易失衡与“产业冲击”相挂钩。通过从汽车和半导体产业入手,对日美贸易失衡中的产业冲击问题进行分析发现:在中美贸易和日美贸易的发展过程中,由于产业发展阶段、对外直接投资对产业的影响、贸易对就业的冲击、产业竞争与互补程度以及出口管制程度等方面存在不同,日美贸易失衡对美国产业构成了实质性冲击,与中美贸易失衡在该问题上的影响存在本质差异。美国以贸易失衡和“产业冲击”责难中国,并借此发动贸易战,是美国意识形态方面的固有偏见和遏制中国发展的托词,中国需要在谋划中美磋商和反制的策略、推动中国产业结构升级及提防美国发动金融战等方面进行政策应对。     

美国台海动向观察

台湾问题是中美关系中最敏感、最重要的问题。中美建交已40多年,台湾问题仍然是影响中美关系发展的关键因素。近年来,受两国贸易战升级、全球新冠疫情肆虐以及台湾当局主动与美相勾连等因素影响,特朗普政府大肆操弄“台湾牌”,美介入台海动作明显加大,影响非常恶劣,使中美关系降到1979年以来的最低点。拜登政府上台后,舆论多数认为,虽然美国对台政策的大方向不会改变,美国处理台湾问题的态度和方式都可能出现一定程度调整。     

孜孜不倦的食品科学研究者——蔡同一教授的学术人生

蔡同一教授在将近半个世纪的时间里为我国的食品科学事业做出了极为突出的贡献。在奥运食品安全工程、果蔬汁加工技术等领域,成就斐然;他同时又是一位热心科学普及工作的科技工作者,为人类拥有健康、科学、安全的食品奉献出了自己全部的精力和智慧。     

Implementation of food safety and quality standards: A case study of vegetable processing industry in Zhejiang, China

Over the last decade great attention has been paid to food safety/quality control due to the increases of food especially pesticide residues related diseases in China. Firms of Chinese vegetable industry have adopted a number of standards that can enhance safety of products. This study uses binomial and ordinal Logistic Regression Models to identify the determinants that influence the adoption behavior and adoption magnitude of food safety/quality standards in Chinese vegetable processing sector. The findings indicate that adoption behavior and adoption intensity are very closely linked to firm's characteristics such as firm size, expected premium, export market, brand name, e-commerce, training frequency and traceability. Moreover, the results suggest that the significance and magnitude of the coefficients associated with the independent variables differ between binomial and ordered logistic models. The results provide policy implications for food safety regulation and promote adoption of standards in Chinese vegetable processing sector.     

黑龙江省食品加工业发展中存在的问题及解决的对策

黑龙江省的农产品加工体系已初步形成。但同发达国家和发达省份相比,农产品深加工行业还仅仅处于起步阶段,如食品工业产值占农业总产值比重较小,食品加工业技术水平较低,产品品种少、档次低、品牌杂,行业标准不健全等。因此,应采取龙头带动、外引内联、集团发展、品牌经营、政策支持等对策,促进农产品深加工行业的发展。     

Do healthy diets in Europe matter to the environment? A quantitative analysis

Final consumption of food products figures amongst the strongest contributors to negative environmental impacts in Europe, with the production of beef and pork at agricultural level being the main responsible part of the food supply chain. This article analyses quantitatively the environmental impact of changing European diets. The environmental impact of European consumption is determined with an environmental extended input-output analysis, supplemented by a partial equilibrium model reflecting changes of the agricultural sector to modified diets. It results that agricultural production does not decrease significantly in reaction to reduced food consumption, due to a changed trade balance and substitution effects.     

Imperfect competition,border protection and consumer boycott: The future of the dairy industry in Israel

Recent increases in prices of dairy products in Israel led to consumer unrest and boycotts against dairy producers during the summer of 2011. The Israeli dairy industry is highly distorted with production quotas and administered prices for raw milk, tariff rate quotas and an oligopoly in dairy processing. Since the issue of self-sufficiency and food security is at the top of Israel's national priorities, the future of the dairy industry is generating heated debate. Thus, we use a general equilibrium model to estimate the effects associated with particular alternative policies actually discussed to liberalize the Israeli dairy industry.     

北京公众对食品安全的满意程度及影响因素分析

公众对食品安全的满意度反映了公众对当前食品安全客观状况的主观认定,是一个重要的食品安全指标。本文根据社会调查结果,分析了当前北京公众对食品安全的满意程度及其影响因素。研究发现,影响食品安全满意度的因素包括公众对政府和科学家的信任、食品安全事件的相关经验、对食品安全事件的风险感知、教育水平等。     

Food Insufficiency,Food Stamp Participation,and Mental Health*

Objectives. This study examines whether the mental health consequences associated with food insufficiency vary by food stamp participation status and/or the value of the food stamp benefit received. Methods. We use longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics along with fixed‐effect methods that control for unobserved heterogeneity to test our hypotheses. Results. We find that, conditional on the food stamp benefit amount, the emotional distress associated with food insufficiency is higher among food stamp participants. Moreover, we find evidence of a dosage effect such that food‐insufficient individuals who receive higher amounts of food stamp benefits suffer greater emotional distress than food‐insufficient individuals who receive lower levels of food stamp benefits. However, the negative mental health effects of food insufficiency and food stamp participation are driven primarily by periods of transition onto the Food Stamp Program and into food insufficiency. Conclusions. The negative mental health aspects of participating in the Food Stamp Program seem to outweigh the positive mental health aspects, at least during the period of application and initial receipt, suggesting that programmatic reform is needed to improve overall well‐being among new participants.     

Social work and sustainable rural development: The practice of social economy in China

The impact of globalisation on local agriculture and food systems has brought issues such as food security and rural sustainability to the forefront of policy‐making in developing countries. In China, the restructuring of domestic agriculture and liberalisation of trade following accession to the World Trade Organization have led to the growing reliance on imported food and raised concerns for food self‐sufficiency and safety. Inspired by the concept of social economy, social workers in China have explored alternative pathways towards sustainable food production and consumption through local initiatives. Based on participatory action research in a Chinese village, this study examines the potential contribution of social work intervention in responding to China’s agrarian challenges. It is shown that by linking rural cooperatives with the local food system and allowing farmers to sell directly to urban consumers at fairer prices, social economy initiatives provide a viable pathway for sustainable transformation by empowering rural producers while giving urban consumers access to sustainably produced food.     

食品包装知识、态度和行为（KAP）的调研分析

对广州市部分社区居民的食品包装知识、态度及行为( KAP )进行调查,为食品安全营养健康教育提供依据。随机抽取越秀区和白云区的社区居民进行食品包装知识、态度及行为问卷调查。被调查者的食品包装知识的平均得分4.38±1.42分,其中60岁以下女性的得分最高(5.93±1.91分),60岁以上男性得分最低(3.56±1.41分),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。报纸、网络媒体或杂志是居民获得食品包装知识的主要途径。58.08%的被调查者购买食品时会仔细看包装,但也有4.04%的被调查者表示从来不看食品包装。有78.80%的被调查者认为有必要在食品包装上标注“食品包装材料”字样,仅有7.07%的被调查者能正确认知塑料包装底部的三角形标识。生产日期及保质期是被调查者最为关注的食品包装上的信息,其次是“QS”质量安全标志,配料成分是关注度排名第3的信息。被调查居民的食品包装知识得分不高,需要加强宣教和引导,普及相关知识,提高居民对食品包装的认知和科学使用。     

Is Food Insecurity Associated with Depressive Symptoms in South Korea?

Emerging studies have suggested a possible link between food hardship and depression; however, empirical knowledge is limited. In South Korea, more public discussion has been conducted regarding the prevalence and consequences of food insecurity on mental health. To begin to address the knowledge gap, we applied family stress theory and investigated the association of food insecurity with depression in South Korea. We employed observational data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study, the first data to draw on food insecurity information from a nationally representative sample in Korea. Our sample consisted of 744 non‐elderly household heads. The independent variable “food insecurity” was measured using a six‐item scale adapted from the United States Department of Agriculture Food Security Scale. The dependent variable “depression” was measured using 11 questions from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale adapted for Koreans. After controlling for income, material hardship, and other factors, our ordinary least squares regression findings show that food insecurity significantly predicts depression. Our findings are consistent whether food insecurity is measured on a continuum or in categorical groups. More research and empirical evidence should be shared to provide legitimate grounds for policy interventions that address and prevent food insecurity and mental health issues.