考虑监控信号的供应链知识共享激励机制研究

基于委托代理理论,构建了供应链知识共享的基本激励模型和考虑监控信号的激励模型,研究了监控信号对增加供应链企业间知识共享激励契约合理性、降低成员企业知识共享过程道德风险的作用,分析了监控信号下激励契约设计有效性的影响因素。     

供应链企业间知识共享和谐性评价体系构建

为了更好地表述供应链企业间知识共享的状态,提出供应链企业间知识共享和谐性的概念,并用“和则”与“谐则”来表述和谐性.在此基础上,通过分析供应链企业间知识共享和谐性的影响因素,提出供应链企业间知识共享和谐性的评价指标体系.     

组织学习中群体间知识共享行为影响因素分析

以组织学习中群体间知识共享行为为研究对象,应用演化博弈方法,构建了群体间知识共享行为的演化博弈模型,分析了群体间知识共享行为的影响因素,得出了群体知识水平、吸收转化能力以及知识共享风险与群体间知识共享行为的相互关系.     

收入共享契约下价格歧视及配置效率分析

与供应链管理中研究收入共享契约如何实现供应链协调不同，主要研究其实现供应链协调时对上游供应商的定价行为、配置效率和社会福利的影响。研究发现: 在收入共享契约协调的供应链内，上游供应商对效率不同的下游厂商实施歧视定价，其与下游厂商生产效率、产品替代性一起影响着配置效率和社会福利，虽然收入共享契约通过实现供应链协调能够增加各厂商的总利润，但对消费者剩余的影响取决于多种因素，具有不确定性，因此对于社会总福利的影响也具有不确定性。还进一步讨论了供应链厂商之间的讨价还价能力对收入共享契约分配系数的影响，识别出影响收入共享分配系数的一些重要因素。根据分析结果认为: 收入共享契约作为纵向约束协议，对其进行反垄断审查应该适用“合理推定原则”而不是“本身违法原则”。     

供应链知识共享的囚徒困境及经济学的解决方法研究

在理性约束下供应链知识共享是一种囚徒困境。通过构建博弈支付模型,本文分析了成员企业在知识共享过程中的决策行为,提出可通过改变供应链成员企业的偏好、使用显性合同、利用隐性合同、进行重复博弈等方法改变原有博弈结构,创造新的激励机制,在满足成员个人理性前提下实现供应链整体的理性,使知识共享走出囚徒困境,实现供应链知识共享的帕累托最优均衡。     

基于进化博弈论的组织知识共享分析

隐性知识共享是知识管理的一个关键环节,影响知识共享的因素主要来自于知识共享的双方;知识和知识型员工的行为都会影响到知识共享的效率.在有限理性假设下,运用进化博弈论的模仿者动态模型,分析了组织内隐性知识共享过程中,知识型员工的进化稳定战略.研究发现在共享知识的过程中,知识型员工所获得报酬、同伴行为以及共享知识的对方的行为都会影响到知识员工的行为选择.组织应该为员工共享知识提供积极的氛围和健全的激励机制.     

模糊需求下考虑公平关切的收益共享契约与协调

针对供应链收益分配过程中零售商往往表现出公平关切行为,研究了模糊需求环境下两级供应链的收益共享契约与协调问题。在给出模糊市场需求环境下的收益共享契约基本模型的基础上,构建了考虑零售商公平关切的收益共享契约模型,并通过模型推导及数值实验分析了零售商公平关切对收益共享契约协调供应链的影响。研究结果表明,模糊需求下考虑零售商公平关切的收益共享契约仍然可以实现供应链协调,然而零售商的公平关切行为对收益共享契约的协调策略会产生影响。本文的研究成果可为供应链成员优化收益共享契约提供参考价值。     

考虑公平关切的供应链契约与协调

供应链契约是影响供应链整体绩效的重要因素.在传统两阶段供应链中引入公平关切,研究了公平关切行为倾向对供应链契约与协调的影响.文中假设零售商是公平关切的,在此假设下展开行为运筹分析,分别探讨了零售商的公平关切行为倾向对批发价契约,收益共享契约和回购契约等协调性的影响,并用算例加以验证.最后,在此基础上提出并证明了一般性结论:零售商的公平关切不会改变供应链的协调状态.     

逆向供应链企业间知识共享的决策机制研究

针对由单一制造商和单一第三方回收商组成的两级逆向供应链,建立了逆向供应链企业间知识共享的博弈模型;通过该模型得出了逆向供应链知识共享的均衡策略,进一步探讨了逆向供应链知识共享的2个合作条件:①制造商在成本节约收益中的分享比例必须大于某个阈值,②制造商所获得的整体收益比例必须大于制造商的知识共享成本分担比例;最后分析了知识共享成本分担比例和总体回收量对知识共享量的影响,以及成本节约收益共享比例和边际收益对知识共享成本分担比例的影响。     

风险规避型供应链的收益共享机制研究

探讨了由风险规避型零售商与风险规避型供应商组成的两级供应链协作激励问题.首先研究了Stackelberg主从对策模型下风险规避型零售商与风险规避型供应商的决策行为,并分析了双方的风险规避系数对双方决策行为的影响.然后,研究了垂直一体化模型下风险规避型供应链的决策行为,同样分析了双方风险规避系数对供应链决策行为的影响程度.最后,提出采用收益共享契约机制来协调该供应链.并通过数值实验进一步分析供应商与零售商的风险规避系数对双方的决策行为及收益共享系数的影响程度.     

供应链合作及其契约研究

供应链合约是影响供应链整体绩效的重要因素,已引起众多学者的关注。本文对供应链合作进行了博弈分析,得出了不同合约下的均衡结果及相关结论,同时通过两种合约的比较探讨了利益共享合约的优越性。最后,文章也介绍了订立合约的影响因素及方法。     

Decision knowledge sharing: flexible supply chains in KM context

Supply chain excellence has a real impact on business strategy. Building supply chains as flexible systems represents one of the most exciting opportunities to create value and one of the most challenging tasks for the policy makers. It requires integrated decision making amongst autonomous chain partners with effective decision knowledge sharing between them. The key to success lies in knowing which decision has more impact on the overall performance and this can be achieved by appropriate knowledge sharing. In this context, knowledge management (KM) can be used as an effective approach to achieve knowledge sharing and decision synchronisation in supply chains. Flexible supply chains (FSC_s) are more complex and involve multiple autonomous players with varying technical cultures (affects knowledge mindsets), managerial background (affects decision knowledge) and supply chain management (SCM) exposures (affects knowledge sharing attitudes). Thus there is a need to develop demo models that can encourage chain managers towards collaborative knowledge sharing in the supply chains. This paper presents the application of one such model based on decision knowledge sharing (DKS) for improved supply chain management. A simulation model of a flexible supply chain based on DKS framework is developed for demo purposes. The key results are highlighted along with industry implications. The cost based performance of DKS at different levels of flexibility is studied. Thus a careful analysis of the chain with a focus on collaborative decisions is useful to ensure success. This paper addresses this interesting and challenging domain.     

集聚情景下网络惯例对绿色供应链异质性知识共享的影响——以生态工业园为例

产业集聚情景下的绿色供应链呈现显著的网络化特征，使得成员间的绿色知识流动和共享过程也有其特殊性。文章基于集聚情景考察绿色供应链网络惯例创建的逻辑以及对绿色知识共享的作用机制，构建绿色供应链的知识异质性—网络惯例—知识共享的概念模型，多维度定量剖析了网络惯例对异质性知识共享的影响。选取我国国家生态工业园460份问卷数据对其进行实证检验和仿真模拟，结论表明：绿色供应链成员之间的异质性绿色知识决定联盟绿色合作过程中能否建立起稳定可靠的网络惯例，其中，绿色异质性知识的稀缺性与不可模仿性对网络惯例的建立正向影响较大。集聚情景正向调节绿色供应链异质性知识—网络惯例(规范认同)—知识共享的关系链。为此，应充分发挥集聚的知识溢出和扩散效应，将绿色供应链平台嵌入到产业集群中，积极探索产业集聚融合下的绿色供应链异质性知识管理模式。     

供应链中信息共享的管理激励研究

信息共享是供应链成功运营的关键,那么如何激励供应链上的成员进行信息共享,提出有效的激励机制成为这一问题的焦点.本文以一个两阶段供应链为研究对象,建立了多目标、多因素管理激励机制模型.研究结果表明通过建立良好的供应链信息共享条件及有效的信息共享管理激励机制,可以提高供应链的性能,实现供应链成员"双赢".     

供应链治理机制与供应链绩效之间的相互作用关系——基于信息共享的中介效应和信息技术水平的调节效应

本文构建起了供应链治理机制与供应链绩效之间的相互作用关系理论模型，并进而对信息共享在其中所起的中介效应及信息技术水平在其中所起着的调节效应进行剖析。以380份来自于供应链相关岗位的中高层管理人员及技术人员的问卷作为样本，利用结构方程模型对社会控制、正式控制、信息技术水平、信息共享及供应链绩效之间的相关关系进行实证研究。研究结果表明：（1）社会控制对信息共享及供应链绩效均产生正向影响，信息共享对供应链绩效也产生正向影响；而正式控制则对信息共享产生显著的负向作用关系，且其对供应链绩效的作用关系并不显著；（2）信息共享在社会控制和供应链绩效之间的作用关系中起着部分中介的作用，但其在正式控制-供应链绩效间的中介作用则并不显著；（3）信息技术水平对于社会控制-信息共享和正式控制-信息共享间的关系具有调节效应。     

Examining the Influence of the Social Cognitive Factors and Relative Autonomous Motivations on Employees’ Knowledge Sharing Behaviors

By incorporating the perspectives of social cognitive theory and relative autonomous motivations, this study examines a model that depicts the influence of personal and environmental factors on employees’ knowledge sharing behaviors (KSBs). Data that were collected from 294 professionals in the industry were analyzed using component‐based structural equation modeling to examine the proposed model. The research results indicate that trust, relationship orientation, knowledge sharing self‐efficacy, and relative autonomous motivation regarding KSBs are the key influencing factors of KSBs of professionals. A key implication is that managers must consider the impact of the level of employee‐perceived autonomous motivation when they seek to facilitate KSBs. Finally, the theoretical and practical contributions are discussed, followed by the suggestions for future research directions.     

突发性产出下的供应链协调应对策略

针对突发事件影响制造商产出的情形，研究了收益共享契约协调应对突发产出事件的有效性问题。首先论证了无突发产出事件时收益共享契约协调供应链的有效性，进而分析了突发产出事件对供应链最优生产计划、定价决策、绩效和协调性的影响。然后，建立了突发产出事件下的收益共享契约协调应对模型，并对原收益共享契约和修正后的收益共享契约进行了对比分析。研究表明：当突发产出事件导致产出扰动范围较小时，供应链的最优生产计划、批发价格和零售价格几乎保持不变，仅当产出扰动范围较大时，三者才需要同时调整，此时原供应链的协调性也将被打破，而修正后的收益共享契约具有良好的抗突发性。最后，通过算例进行了验证。     

How does information sharing affect first-tier suppliers’ flexibility? Evidence from the automotive industry in Sweden

This study addresses the critical research issue of how supplier delivery performance can be enhanced by integrating information sharing into volume and delivery flexibility. This study developed a research model to relate information sharing on demand forecasts and inventory data between original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and first-tier suppliers. Based on a sample of 52 suppliers from automotive industry in Sweden, partial least squares structural equations modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to assess the model. The results confirm that sharing demand forecasts is a key enabler of supplier volume and delivery flexibility while sharing inventory data is not. The study contributes to enlarging the knowledge about supply chain management from the suppliers’ perspective. It also contributes to knowledge by validating the conceptual model and operationalisation of constructs. The study also has practical contribution in which management should focus on improving communication and collaboration practices with OEMs for effective sharing of demand forecasts.     

A knowledge chain management framework to support integrated decisions in global supply chains

Knowledge management has been identified as a key enabler to achieve organisation’s value chain competitiveness. It, however, has been facing fresh challenges in a global supply chain setting. This paper proposes a global knowledge chain management (GKCM) framework that identifies and prioritises critical knowledge that a global supply chain can focus on to support integrated decisions. The framework explores three types of global context knowledge, namely global market knowledge, global capacity knowledge and global supply network configuration knowledge. Empirical study has been undertaken within the manufacturing industry to evaluate the GKCM framework. Analytic network process has been explored as a key method to assess the importance of the global knowledge constructs from supply chain managers’ perspectives. A key contribution of the paper is that it advances existing knowledge chain management approaches within one organisation and its local supply chain to include the global context knowledge applicable to global manufacturing settings, and highlights how the GKCM framework can support global supply chain integrated decisions.     

Coordinating a supply chain for deteriorating items with a revenue sharing and cooperative investment contract

In this study, a one-manufacturer–one-retailer supply chain model for deteriorating items with controllable deterioration rate and price-dependent demand is developed, in which both players cooperatively invest in preservation technology to reduce deterioration. Algorithms are designed to obtain the pricing and preservation technology investment strategies in both integrated and decentralized scenarios. It is shown that cooperative investment strategy benefits the manufacturer but damages the profits of the retailer and the whole supply chain. A revenue sharing and cooperative investment contract, which combines revenue sharing and cost sharing mechanisms, is thus designed to coordinate the supply chain. Numerical simulations and sensitivity analysis of the equilibrium strategies and coordinating results on key system parameters are given to verify the effectiveness of the contract, and meanwhile get some managerial insights. The results show that only when the revenue sharing rate lies roughly between 1/2 and 3/4 can the contract perfectly coordinate the supply chain in most cases, which has an important guiding significance for the supply chain coordination of deteriorating items when considering preservation technology investment.