西部崛起“新路桥”

<正> 四川新路桥实业有限公司作为一个专业生产高速公路桥梁专用伸缩装置的新型民营高科技企业,从名不见经传到三年时间发成一个集5家全资子公司、年产值超过5000万元的集团化公司,并在同行业中具有较高知名度,靠的就是坚持不懈的技术创新,依赖的就是科技这个第一生产     

科技创新集群化：现代科学技术研究趋势

现代科学技术由于其知识体系的不断膨胀,学科之间的相互渗透、汇流和综合,使各门学科由离散状态过渡到集约方向.研究发现,科学技术创新的集群化由以下三大支柱体系所决定学科网络基础--科学发展交叉和融合;巴斯德象限--基础研究与技术创新的新型关系;科学技术实体的出现--工业实验室与技术联合体.在以上研究的基础上,提出了以下科研管理的新趋向重视科学学派的建设,显现人才的乘数效应;构筑世界一流科技中心,强化创新机构的名牌效应;放宽管理和控制体系,保证研究选择的自由.     

人口结构变化对于人才市场综合影响的实证分析——以安徽省为例

近年来中国经济进入新常态,中国人才市场的力量决定了中国经济政策的方向,而人口结构变化直接影响着人才市场的发展。文章以安徽省为例,首先,基于因子分析的降维思想,对安徽省的人口结构进行深入探究;其次,建立回归模型,通过多元线性回归分析,对影响人才市场发展的因素进行详细分析;最后,建议政府制定相应的政策以促进人才市场的发展。     

我国金融业实施新会计准则的难点

新会计准则的实施为建立完全竞争的金融市场搭建了国际化的制度平台。有助于银行业走国际化道路,提高银行业管理水平。但在具体实施过程当中,在金融资产风险管理;贷款利率管理;计算金融资产减值所采用的估值技术和计量模型;系统改造存在的高风险、高成本;新会计准则与税务政策的衔接;新准则与监管口径的差异;从业人员素质等方面存在着尚待解决的很多问题。     

异质人才的异常激励——北京市高科技企业人才激励机制调研报告

本文以舒尔茨的人力资本理论、德鲁克的知识工作者激励理论和玛汉·坦姆仆的知识工作者激励模型为理论指导,以北京市软件企业和生物制药企业为本市高科技企业的代表,通过充分的调研和实证研究,得出了高科技企业知识员工的主要激励因素,并在此基础上分别向高科技企业和政府提出了有针对性的激励机制政策建议。     

从“新常态”到“供给侧结构性改革”

<正>党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央作出经济发展进入新常态的重大判断,形成以新发展理念为指导、以推进供给侧结构性改革为主线、以稳中求进为工作总基调的政策框架。这是对当前国内外宏观经济形势变化的正确判断,是对经济增长速度逐渐放缓和质量效益提高的准确分析,揭示了中国经济潜在增长率的新变化和未来经济社会发展的新趋势,是对未来一段时间经济工作作出的重大决策和更加系统、完备的政策安排。     

论新个税政策下企业财务管理工作优化措施

新个税政策是顺应社会经济发展而产生的政策,它主要是从广大人民群众的视角出发,极大地减轻了人们的税收压力,有利于提高人们的生活质量。同时,新个税政策的实施对推动供给侧结构性改革、维护人民根本利益起到了十分重要的作用,但是在具体实施过程中仍凸显出一些问题,尤其是对现代企业财务管理工作产生了诸多影响。基于此,文章重点讨论在当前新个税政策背景下企业的财务管理工作应如何进行全面优化。     

基于DEA方法的中国高科技创业企业运营效率研究

中国高科技创业企业的发展一直备受关注。鉴于创业企业的低存活率以及高科技企业的高投入和高风险等特征,对高科技创业企业的运营效率进行测度和评价具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。综合基本DEA效率评价模型及改进竞争型DEA交叉效率模型,以企业的技术创新、广告投入、品牌价值等若干高科技企业的重要运营指标作为评价指标,对中国不同地区的高科技创业企业的运营效率进行评价,并对各地区非DEA有效的高科技创业企业投入冗余和产出不足情况进行分析。研究结果表明,中国高科技创业企业整体运营效率偏低,不同地区的运营效率存在一定差异;绝大多数高科技创业企业呈规模收益递增,符合创业企业高成长性的特征;各地区高科技创业企业均存在显著的科研投入冗余,且对企业品牌资产重视不足;投入产出结构不合理是造成企业规模效率不高的主要原因。针对这些问题给出相应的政策建议。     

技术差距与人力资本约束下的技术进步模式

基于同时内生国外模仿与自主创新的R&D增长模型,假定异质型人力资本在两种技术进步模式中具有不同的效应,分析了在技术差距和人力资本约束条件下后发国技术进步模式的决定及技术政策效应.分析表明:后发国技术进步模式的选择取决于技术差距和两种人力资本的构成比例;在人力资本的约束下,鼓励技术进步的政策效应取决于技术差距.其政策含义十分明显:后发国应当根据研发资源和技术水平选择适宜的主导技术进步模式,科技政策应体现行业和区域主导技术进步模式的差异性,并根据主导技术进步模仿变化体现其动态性.     

新会计准则在商业银行的运用及思考

新会计准则作为我国会计政策的一项重要变革,其在理念、内容、体系都有着较大的创新,这给银行业经营和监管都提出了新要求、新挑战。文章通过新准则的变化浅析商业银行在具体运用新准则中遇到的困难并提出了建议。     

New technology and the value-based management of transformational leadership

New technology is calling on people to provide adaptive responses in situations where there are many exceptions or where a high degree of variability exists or where people provide linkages between programmable segments. Further, groups of people who are geographically dispersed and unacquainted with each other will work together to solve business problems or define a process and will then disband when the job is done. Thus, the general model of responsible autonomous job behavior becomes the key facet of individual-organization-technological relationships. It is suggested that this model is best activated by the empowerment of people through the value-based management of transformational leadership.     

Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) in Papua New Guinea: Biosecurity Models for New Ireland and the Autonomous Region of Bougainville

Cocoa Pod Borer (Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen) (CPB) is an important pest of cocoa. Following its emergence as a pest in East New Britain, Papua New Guinea, in 2006, it was considered relevant to assess its potential spread to other cocoa growing regions. Its likelihood of introduction to the islands of Bougainville and New Ireland from East New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea, was modeled using Monte Carlo simulation. This dispersal model was based around different scenarios, identifying trends rather than explicitly attempting to encapsulate true values. The model suggested that CPB is far more likely to establish on New Ireland than on Bougainville. More important, incertitude resulting from incomplete knowledge of the amount and frequency of cocoa transported between islands had a significant effect on model outputs. Quarantine and agriculture officials will be able to refine these parameter values, and then use the relevant scenarios from those presented here as a guide to develop quarantine procedures. In addition, a contingency model was employed to estimate the optimal sampling effort to use following an incursion of CPB into Bougainville or New Ireland and the seemingly successful implementation of an initial eradication program. The model suggests that at a 1% infestation level, sampling should continue for 2.5–2.7 years (90% CI) after claiming eradication, and this estimate changed little for higher infestation levels. Through modeling variations in sampling intensity, the model also suggested that determining the full spread of CPB is more important than increased sampling within one region.     

An Emerging New Risk Analysis Science: Foundations and Implications

To solve real‐life problems—such as those related to technology, health, security, or climate change—and make suitable decisions, risk is nearly always a main issue. Different types of sciences are often supporting the work, for example, statistics, natural sciences, and social sciences. Risk analysis approaches and methods are also commonly used, but risk analysis is not broadly accepted as a science in itself. A key problem is the lack of explanatory power and large uncertainties when assessing risk. This article presents an emerging new risk analysis science based on novel ideas and theories on risk analysis developed in recent years by the risk analysis community. It builds on a fundamental change in thinking, from the search for accurate predictions and risk estimates, to knowledge generation related to concepts, theories, frameworks, approaches, principles, methods, and models to understand, assess, characterize, communicate, and (in a broad sense) manage risk. Examples are used to illustrate the importance of this distinct/separate risk analysis science for solving risk problems, supporting science in general and other disciplines in particular.     

基于计算实验的科技资源配置结构优化研究

从系统整体的角度构建了基于科技资源流动的国家创新体系运行概念模型,通过系统模拟与计算实验探讨了科技人力资源、科技财力资源和科技信息资源在高校、科研机构与企业之间不同分配方案下,我国论文与专利产出的可能变动情况,以期为政府相关部门制定科技资源优化配置政策提供参考。     

An examination of four housing policies for New York City

Using JW Forrester's Urban Dynamics city model as a starting point, an economic model of the housing market of New York City was constructed incorporating City data on housing stock, rent levels, operating expenses and return on capital. Several possible housing policies were examined over a range of model parameters. It was found that, as Forrester found, artificially restricting new housing construction and increasing slum housing demolition would serve to drive the poor from the City by making adequate housing unavailable but, in contrast to Forrester's conclusions, this would have little effect on upward mobility, the availability of jobs, or influx of labor population.     

Technology‐Based New Product Development Partnerships*

Hypotheses were developed to capture the dynamic capabilities that result from interfirm partnerships during the joint new product development (NPD) process—the ability to build, integrate, and reconfigure existing resources to adapt to rapidly changing environments. These capabilities, in turn, were proposed to have a positive impact on NPD performance outcomes: (a) proportion of new product success and (b) superior new product commercialization. In contexts where the locus of innovation is rapidly changing, the impact of interfirm NPD dynamic capabilities was hypothesized to be diminished in high‐technology contexts, especially for buyers (original equipment manufacturers) and to a lesser extent for suppliers. Still, technology‐based interfirm NPD partnerships were predicted to ultimately outperform low‐technology ones in both NPD performance outcomes. Finally, information technology (IT) support for NPD was hypothesized to influence the interfirm NPD partnership's dynamic capabilities. Using survey data from 72 auto company managers and their suppliers, the proposed model in which IT support for NPD influences the success of interfirm NPD partnerships through the mediating role of interfirm NPD partnership dynamic capabilities in high‐ and low‐technology contexts was generally supported. The results shed light on the nature of technology‐based interfirm NPD partnerships and have implications for their success. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.     

基于不同补贴主体的新能源汽车制造商定价决策研究

基于政府目前对新能源汽车消费者及制造商实施补贴的现实背景，假设两家技术水平不等的新能源汽车制造商所生产的产品之间存在替代关系，将制造商产品之间的价格和质量差异纳入考虑范围，构建了新能源汽车制造商最优定价模型，求解了在不同补贴方式下的最优定价方式，并在均衡状态下对模型进行了数值模拟和分析。研究结果表明，在不同补贴方式下，制造商将根据市场竞争环境和补贴投入的变化情况采取不同的定价策略。政府针对消费者的补贴可以使技术水平相对落后的制造商获得更高利润，促使更多的制造商进入新能源汽车产业。对制造商的补贴可以使较高技术水平的制造商获得更高利润，从而促进新能源汽车产业的优胜劣汰。政府补贴主体应由消费者逐步转向制造商，通过政策引导制造商和消费者进一步增进其对新能源汽车质量的重视程度，推动新能源汽车产业的良性发展。     

基于创业团队先前经验的新技术企业市场进入战略选择研究

基于社会认知和战略选择等理论知识,探讨创业团队先前经验构成特征与进入战略创新性的逻辑关系,并探索技术独享性和环境宽松性对团队决策的影响。基于随机抽样的问卷调研方法,利用150份新技术企业样本进行实证分析。研究结果表明,新技术企业初始战略来源于创业团队基于先前经验而达成的集体认知决策,技术导向型团队倾向于通过产品或服务的创新进入市场,而市场导向型的团队则会竭力从交易结构的创新入手,兼顾技术和市场导向的团队,虽然拥有多元化的认知模式,却没能迸发出应有的创造力。技术独享性在创业团队经验构成与进入战略创新性之间发挥正向调节作用,但没有改变团队成员固有认知模式;环境宽松性改变了创业团队在选择市场进入战略时的关注点,当环境较为宽松时,技术导向型和市场导向型的创业团队都呈现出对产品或服务创新的忽视,而加大了在交易结构上谋求创新的力度。     

基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型及案例研究

结合新兴技术的特点,在动态能力组织学习模型研究成果的基础上,提出了一个基于企业动态能力的新兴技术演化模型。结合该模型探讨了企业动态能力推动新兴技术演化的路径。并以SONY Walkman的演化过程为例对模型进行了检验,结果表明动态能力的形成有利于新兴技术的演化。     

基于SIR传染病模型的技术扩散模型的研究

科技进步推动经济和社会发展是技术扩散来实现的,所以研究技术扩散现象具有十分重要的理论和现实意义.于技术扩散过程类似于传染病的蔓延过程,因此本文利用经典的传染病模型(SIR模型)建立了单一技术在单一企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型、单一技术在多个企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型和多种竞争技术在单一企业群中扩散的SIR技术扩散模型,并通过对三种模型的分析,研究了技术扩散现象的一般规律.