Informed consent comprehension among vulnerable populations in Ecuador: video-delivered vs. in-person standard method

The informed consent comprehension process is key to engaging potential research subject participation. The aim of this study is to compare informed consent comprehension between two methods: standard and video-delivered. We compared the in-person and video-delivered informed consent process in the Familias Unidas intervention. We evaluated comprehension using a 7-item true/false questionnaire. There were a total of 152 participants in the control group and 87 in the experimental. General characteristics were similar between both groups (p > 0.05). First-attempt informed consent comprehension was higher in the intervention group but was not statistically significant (80% and 78% respectively p = 0.44). A video-delivered informed consent process did not differ from the standard method of informed consent in a low educational and socioeconomic environment.     

浅谈大学英语听力理解能力的提高

听力理解的过程是一个涉及语音、语调、词汇、语法等语言知识、相关国家的文化背景,以及一定听力技巧的综合过程.只有采取多种教学方法帮助学生加强听力训练,逐步克服各种障碍,才能使学生全面提高听力理解能力.     

Development of Reasoning and the Tension between Scientific and Conversational Inference

We report two studies designed to examine the role of conversational understanding in young children's scientific reasoning. The results indicate that performance can be influenced by the degree of specificity in questioning. Under nonspecific questioning, accurate reasoning was associated with both vocabulary comprehension and pragmatic ability whereas under specific questioning it was associated only with vocabulary comprehension. Findings are discussed in terms of the conversational knowledge that is required for success on measures of scientific reasoning.     

跨文化交际中的文化创新

多元化社会带来了多种文化的接触与冲突。依据巴克金的"自我和他人的关系"理论,交际者在跨文化交际中对文化要进行创造性的理解,通过加强接触和对话,不断调整和充实原有文化,以文化创新解决跨文化交际中的冲突。     

市场营销的新视角--重构营销

重构营销与传统意义上的生产主动、消费被动的认识不同 ,强调消费不再是与生产活动相对立的吸收或者占有商品和服务 ,而是需要对产品、消费者、相关利益群体进行重新定义和重组 ,对非价值市场营销因素也纳入营销过程     

To rely or not to rely on common sense? Introducing critical Realism's insights to social network analysis

In this article, I aim to critically evaluate the epistemological position of social network analysis. My main point is that while the two main schools of social network analysis – formalism and relationalism – claim to be different because of their respective comprehensions of the ontology of social networks, epistemologically they both rely on network actors' commonsensical comprehension of social ties to conduct social network analysis. Following critical realists' insights into the depth ontology of the social world, I argue that social network analysts must break from their and network actors' commonsensical comprehension of social ties in order to illustrate the objective principles of social networks. I suggest that one strategy for doing so is to treat the current networks of social actors under investigation as a product of historically shaped and state-mediated contests among social actors to define hierarchical features of their social relations. I present my study of the history of social networks in Indian politics during the early postcolonial period (1947–64) in support of my points.     

在审美中感悟外国文学作品的内蕴

从"品读"、"挖掘哲理"、"误读"三个方面分析在审美中感悟外国文学作品的内蕴。审美主体通过对作品的品读,进而对作品有较深入的了解,在此基础上进一步体会外国文学作品的内蕴。读者要进一步了解作品的哲理内蕴,就必须了解作品哲理内蕴的表现形式和表达方式。另外,"误读"时的感悟对准确解读文学作品也是一种有意义的途径。     

越调《七擒孟获》的风格特征——兼论河南越调的发展趋向

越调《七擒孟获》是中凤梅生前排演的最后一部“诸葛亮”戏，其风格归于内敛蕴藉，并引领了越调未来的走向。这种风格特征一是得益于唱词内在的张力，二是得益于对角色内心世界的深层开掘。     

西方解释学的历史演进及其最新发展

施莱尔马赫把解释学引进哲学,使解释学成为一种普遍的解释工具和方法论,其缺陷在于忽略了理解内容中所包含的真理,把理解活动看作原作者意图的重构,看作一种客观的静止的认识活动,从而陷入笛卡尔式的二元对立之中。狄尔泰认为精神科学共同建立在人内心的体验的基础上,因而比自然科学更有理由成为一种科学,解释是我们把握精神世界的必要程序和方法;但他天真地抱有历史客观主义的想法,忘记了理解精神客观化存在的人本身的历史性,成为一种秘密的实证主义。海德格尔使解释学经历了一场真正的本体论转向,他认为人的本质就是生存,生存中必有领会,此在具有前理解和解释学循环的生存论结构。伽达默尔在海德格尔的基础上进一步总结了哲学解释学的基本特征,形成了作为本体论的哲学解释学。伽达默尔之后,哈贝马斯进一步发展了解释学理论,形成了一种批判解释学或者叫做深层解释学。     

论陈草庵的劝谕散曲

元代陈草庵的散曲透露出浓浓的叹世伤感情怀，其中有他的社会梦想，更有他人生苦旅中的颖悟。他劝谕世人要退守雌让、淡泊功名、安分随缘、与人方便，也告诫世人及时行乐。这些劝谕看似矛盾，其实正是作者浮世中矛盾心态的真实反映。     

试论中国对东盟的合作安全政策

合作安全指国家间为了共同的综合安全利益,建立安全协调与信任措施,摆脱安全困境、解决国际冲突,维护地区稳定。合作安全具有非强制性、预防性、非排他性及综合性与共同性等特点。中国与东盟在南海问题及环境保护问题上建立安全信任的措施与实践证明追求符合大多数国家利益的合作安全模式已经成为中国对外政策的重要选择。中国奉行合作安全的政策符合国际形势发展的趋势,也符合中国追求国际关系民主化与和谐世界的战略目标。     

中国金融控股集团的发展与制度演进逻辑

中国分业管理的金融体制下金融控股制度演进的主体动因是追求垄断利润、创新空间、规模经济和资产弱专用性,金融机构利益先占和战略布局、管理机关有限默许共同形成了需求诱致型与中间型制度变迁的全面综合的制度变迁逻辑,提出金融控股应通过外在制度移植式变迁与核心制度创设式变迁的全面综合,实现金融控股的重生。     

论职业教育中的优势教育导向

我国的职业教育近些年来有了长足的发展,但也暴露了一些问题,最主要的就是由于缺乏对"优势教育"理念的理解,导致职业性特色不明显,办学定位模糊,与行业及地方经济发展脱节,学生质量不理想等。因此,必须在理解"优势教育"的基础上,采取适当措施,改变这种局面。     

对人间的挚爱关注:雅俗景观--阿成小说论

阿成小说中的人物多是市井俗人、知识分子、历史人物 ,其共同的特征是他们均为芸芸众生 ,具有普通人的情感欲望、生存方式。俗人有雅兴 ,雅人有俗相 ,这种叙事视角的选择表明阿成挥之不去的平民情结及对凡俗人间的挚爱、对俗人雅人宽容而博大的理解     

比较与借鉴：人本企业文化建设的文化战略

人本企业文化与物本企业文化上有着显著的差异,这种差异表现为对市场、企业、管理、员工、激励、变化和工作的不同理解,形成了人本企业文化与物本企业文化各自不同的特点。要通过生态文化战略、人的集合体文化战略、服务文化战略、同事文化战略、前景文化战略、求变文化战略、享受文化战略建设人本企业文化。     

明人私撰日本图籍及其对日本的认知

明朝人突破以往主要由官方垄断记述日本国情的传统格局,纷纷私撰记述,其数量之多,所述范围之广,远远超过了以往任何一个时代。这反映出明朝民间人士对日本认识、了解的内容从广度和深度上都达到了前所未有的程度,进入了中国古代认识、了解日本的一个新时期。之所以如此,这与时代、社会的发展和客观现实需要有着密切的关系。     

对“环渤海经济圈”概念的再认识

针对已有研究和论述中对于环渤海地区的各种概念混乱,本文认为应该对环渤海地区有一个科学的认识:它既不是一个“经济圈”,也不是一个“城市群”,而只是一个具有地理接近性特点的客观地理区域;它包含了京津唐、辽中南和山东半岛三个各具特点的城镇密集区,并且涉及到三个相对独立的城市经济区:华北经济区、东北经济区和山东经济区。     

Age, Health and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey of Ontario Residents

We present the results of a contingent valuation survey eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for mortality risk reductions. The survey was self-administered using a computer by 930 persons in Hamilton Ontario aged 40 to 75. Visual and audio aides were used to enhance risk comprehension. Mean WTP figures for a contemporaneous risk reduction imply a value of a statistical life of approximately C$l.2 to C$3.8 million (1999 C$). Mean WTP is constant with age up to 70 years, and is about 30 percent lower for persons aged 70 and older. WTP is unaffected by physical health status, but is affected by mental health.     

《文选》序"事出于沉思,义归乎翰藻"之"义"新解

对萧统《文选序》“事出于沉思,义归乎翰藻”的理解历史上多有不同。尤其是“义”的内涵问题,一直缺乏明确的解释。其实,这个“义”是中古文献中经常提到的“文义”之“义”,是当时文人重要的学术才能修养,它是玄学所关涉的经典和对这些经典要旨的领会与清谈的一个总称。义的表达手段主要是清谈,而清谈除了有口谈,还有笔谈或是为谈论准备下的文字资料及记录,“义归乎翰藻”之“义”,正是这些文字资料的代表,而非一般性的“意义”或者朱自清所云的典事。     

The Assessment of Elaborated Role‐play in Young Children: Invisible Friends,Personified Objects,and Pretend Identities

Role‐play (i.e., pretending in which children imagine and act out the part of another individual) was assessed with child interviews and parent questionnaires about invisible friends, personified objects, and pretend identities in a sample of 208 young children. Children who engaged in role‐play did not differ from other children in age or vocabulary comprehension. However, they were better able to generate a pretend conversation than other children and were rated by their parents as less shy. The overall pattern of results suggests that the capacity to interact with imaginary others (in and out of the lab) is more closely associated with individual differences in personality than developmental level.