广州市社区老年教育的现状调研分析

随着终身教育的普及,老年教育备受关注.社区教育是发展老年教育的重要载体.文章在对广州地区老年人社区教育的现状调研基础上,探索发展老年教育的影响性因素、举措和途径,寻求老年教育供需平衡的着眼点,促进广州老年社区教育的发展.     

中国沿海发达地区老年妇女日常生活影响因子及多元回归模型——以福建省为例

老龄化是中国面临的一大社会问题,而老年妇女是老龄化问题研究中的一个关键领域。本文以福建省为例,依据"福建省老年妇女生存状况和需求调查"项目的数据,在对老年人口的日常生活状况进行性别比较的基础上,提炼了老年妇女日常生活的性别特征,对影响老年妇女日常生活的相关因素进行因子分析,并在此基础上进行多元回归分析,得出经济保障、文化保障、社会保障和家庭保障是影响福建老年妇女日常生活质量和生命质量的四大关键因子;最后,从不同分层分析中得出了老年妇女日常生活质量的分层特征,据此提出了相关政策建议,试图为有关老年妇女及老年人的学术研究提供一种新的思路,为改善老年人政策提供一种更具针对性的基础性资料。     

试析老年教育对城市老年人的心理补偿

随着老龄化社会的到来,越来越多的老年人将给社会与家庭带来各种压力与负担,要使老年人成为社会的财富而不是负担,良好的心理健康状况显得尤为重要。心理失衡是影响老年人心态的最主要原因之一,通过老年教育的方式对老年人进行心理补偿,将极大地缓解老年人的失落、抱怨与遗憾,为促进老年人身心健康发挥作用。     

老年人社会适应的社会工作介入方法操作技巧

作为注重操作性且具有完善理念和技术的专业工作方法,社会工作对老年人社会适应的介入是增进老年问题解决的有效措施。经过实践经验和理论的总结,社会工作形成了个案工作、小组工作和社区工作三大主要方法。本文从专业实务的角度解析三大主要专业方法在老年社会适应问题领域的操作性技巧。以提高社会工作专业方法在实务运用中的有效性,增进老年社会福利服务专业化发展。     

老年人社会适应的社会工作介入方法操作技巧

作为注重操作性且具有完善理念和技术的专业工作方法,社会工作对老年人社会适应的介入是增进老年问题解决的有效措施。经过实践经验和理论的总结,社会工作形成了个案工作、小组工作和社区工作三大主要方法。本文从专业实务的角度解析三大主要专业方法在老年社会适应问题领域的操作性技巧。以提高社会工作专业方法在实务运用中的有效性,增进老年社会福利服务专业化发展。     

日本护理产业现状、问题及启示

日本实施《护理保险法》（2000年）十多年来,在人口老龄化背景下,以老年人为对象的护理产业发展迅猛,已成为日本健康产业的核心产业。本文主要以护理保险制度实施后的护理产业发展作为切入点,对护理产业发展的法律依据、护理产业发展现状、市场规模及经济效果进行了深入分析,从中提炼出发展中存在的问题。全面了解日本护理产业发展状况,借鉴其发展经验,对促进我国护理产业的发展具有现实意义。     

试析我国改革开放以来老年教育的发展历程

文章研究了我国改革开放以来老年教育学的诞生和发展的背景、原因和阶段历程,阐述了世界老年教育的发展对我国老年教育产生的积极影响,对老年教育的办学理念、时代特色、规划目标和标准层次进行了分析。文章认为,每个人在不同年龄阶段都应有享受教育的权利和机会,并使教育机会有连贯性,让老年人共享社会教育资源,这是人口老龄化与社会经济可持续发展的战略选择。     

中国老年照顾服务政策：政策评估和展望——基于“生活质量—社会质量”理论分析框架

本研究基于生活质量和社会质量这两种不同层面的综合分析视角,分别从影响老年人生活质量以及社会质量两个方面的因素讨论了当前老年个体和群体的发展现状,并从政策理念、政策内容、政策工具和政策效果等四个方面对老年照顾服务政策进行评估。研究发现,老年照顾服务政策总体上提升了老年人的生活质量,但是也在满足心理和情感需要方面仍旧存在不足。同时政策本身增进了老年人的代际依赖,降低了老年人的自我独立性,赋权和社会参与的不足加剧了这种局面的形成。随着我国进入追求生活质量和社会质量的阶段,必须推动老年服务政策的进一步发展,提升其在提高老年人生活质量和社会质量方面的整体作用。     

运用多重政策工具 振兴老年服务产业

中国老年服务产业存在的重大向题 问题之一:面对高龄化快速发展的形势,不仅老年人社会服务的总量存在不足,而且老年人社会服务的结构严重失衡.     

中国老年照护机构的发展思路

当前中国老年服务的问题可谓纷繁复杂,而其中最主要的影响因素应该是对于老年服务发展的思路不清晰.本文研究发现,机构服务初衷是老年照护专业化,机构服务的市场当以民营为主,要寻求资本与民营机构的合作共赢,才是中国老年照护机构的发展思路.在此过程中,应强化机构对失能老年人的长期照护,转变照护服务伺候"老人"的传统观念,大力培养照护员和社会工作者.充分发挥民营机构专业化作用,强化民营和公立、营利部门和非营利部门合作共赢,避免资本搅局,推动老年照护机构向社会企业发展.     

Pensioners among Chinese elderly

The pension system is one type of social welfare system which provides support for elderly citizens after retirement. The system in the People's Republic of China was established in the 1950s, mainly for state employees and employees of privately owned enterprises, while peasants relied on their land to support them in their old age. Up to the 1970s, there was little change in this system. However, the system has since undergone dramatic reform. The implication of the new system for the future elderly in China will be significant. This paper discusses the current impact of the pension system on the elderly in China. According to our analysis, fewer than 25% of Chinese elderly receive a pension. The social and demographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, residence, educational attainment, occupation) of pension recipients are partially a legacy of past policies. As new policies are implemented and the pension system improves, more elderly will be covered by the pension system. Nonetheless, we need to find ways to support those who do not receive a pension.     

Old-age Pensions in Spain: Recent Reforms and Some of Their Consequences for the Risk of Poverty

The starting point of this study is based on the supposition that the successive reforms carried out on the Spanish system of old‐age pensions since the 1980s have altered both the intergenerational distribution of income and the risk of poverty for the elderly. The article will first outline how demographic factors and personal incomes affect the risk of poverty among the elderly. The second part focuses attention on the mediating role played by the social security system in the distribution of intergenerational income, and underlines how the adoption of a longitudinal viewpoint of the intergenerational positions helps us to understand the development of the risk of poverty among the elderly. The third part describes in brief the successive reforms that were carried out on the Spanish regime of retirement pensions. Finally, an analysis of the evolution of the personal incomes of the elderly and younger generations has been made, based on the data collected by the European Community Household Panel from 1994 to 2001. This analysis suggests that the reforms have increased the risk of poverty among the over‐60s owing to a combination of two factors. On the one hand, there has been an increasing tendency among the over‐60s to stop working completely, which has reduced job earnings especially for men aged between 60 and 70. Even more important has been the failure of public pensions to keep pace with the increase in the standard of living, though it is true that they have helped maintain the average purchasing power of the less well‐off old‐age pensioners.     

我国人口老龄化背景下养老产业发展问题研究

在新经济常态背景下,随着人口老龄化程度不断加深,我国财政支出将面临越来越大的挑战,发展养老产业将成为我国应对人口老龄化问题的必然选择。养老产业的发展有利于减轻政府负担,提高老年人生活质量,促进产业调整,缓解就业压力。我国的养老市场规模庞大,并且供不应求,政府高度关注养老产业,为我国大力发展养老产业提供了可行性。但是,尽管目前"保险系""央企系""房企系"等社会资本已经注入,养老产业仍然存在着政府的引导和支持力度不足,缺乏专业人才,相关产业整合难度大,国民养老观念落后等问题。因此,我国应尽快完善相关政策以加强引导和扶持的力度,积极调动社会资源使投资主体多元化,加强养老产业人才队伍建设,加快转变养老观念。     

Do social allowance transfers crowd out private transfers? An analysis of responses among elderly households in Taiwan

Chuang JCC. Do social allowance transfers crowd out private transfers? An analysis of responses among elderly households in Taiwan This article examines whether public transfers ‘crowd out’ private inter‐household transfers in Taiwan, focusing on two old age social allowance schemes (old age allowance and old age farmer allowance) during the 2002–2008 period. This study used a data set from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure in Taiwan. Empirical evidence suggests that Taiwanese donors are strongly motivated by altruism, and that the increase of public transfers will crowd out private transfers, and vice versa. Besides, altruism is more likely to dominate among poorer elderly recipients, whereas the exchange motive would dominate among richer recipients. Thus, the response of Taiwanese donors is likely to neutralise the distributional impact of public transfers. Finally, the elderly are not a homogenous group, and the effect of public transfers on private transfers varies significantly by household characteristics, in particular depending on age, marital status and living arrangements.     

The effects of age structure on the labor force and retirement in China

What are the current and future trends in age structure in China as it relates to labor force and retirement? And, what is the impact of the one-child policy on these trends? A trend analysis identifies that as the parents of the one-child family age, China will have an older population, proportionately, with a smaller middle-aged population to support them in the traditional manner, unlike previous generations. A burden will be placed on the working age population as the one-child generation will have to help support two parents if single, and four parents if married, particularly in urban areas. This will also impact rural areas where formal systems of elderly support are not yet fully developed. In terms of labor resources, the elderly may be better supported in old age if they stay in the labor force for a longer period. However, younger workers need employment, while the old must work to offset the lack of formal support, and the potential decline in intergenerational family support due to the changing age-structure. The challenge facing policy-makers is to bring about a balance between employment patterns and support between generations.     

Regional Specialization and Urban Development in England during the Industrial Revolution*

The Industrial Revolution led to the formation of a clear regional specialization in terms of production in England. Northwestern England developed into a modern industrial area, where the secondary industry sector was the main sector. London and its periphery in southeastern England developed mainly domestic and foreign trade, the financial industry and high-level service industry, all of which belong to the tertiary industry sector. The vast intermediate area between the northwest and the southeast mainly developed the first industry sector, namely commercial corn-animal husbandry. This regional economic specialization had a profound impact on urban development, under which the development of the three major regions showed different characteristics in terms of urban functions, city size and regional urban system. Specially, in the intermediate zone, there left traces of rural towns in the pre-industrial period.     

混业经营:我国保险业发展的必由之路

从国际保险业的发展来看,保险混业经营已经成为一种普遍的发展趋势。混业经营主要有两种模式:即金融或保险服务集团和银行保险。我国实行保险混业经营是保险业发展的必然要求,并具有可能性。当前面临着保险监管法规滞后,保险管理人才的知识结构难以适应混业经营的要求,保险监管难度增加等新问题。我国有必要尽快修改完善有关的保险法律法规,允许保险公司选择适合自身业务特点的保险经营模式,有计划、有秩序地推进保险混业经营,允许保险公司采取先合作后发展的方式,实现规模经济效益,把我国保险业做大做强。     

构建老人福利机构危险管理机制——日本经验之启示

"养儿防老"是中国传统的养老模式,长期以来老人的养老主要依靠子女来解决,但是随着生活方式的改变、家庭规模的日趋小型化,老人的长期照顾问题受到了社会的广泛关注。近年来国家制定了相关的政策、制度以及服务来满足老人及其家人的需求,然而老人福利机构及所提供的照顾服务,其服务质量离人性化照顾服务仍有一段距离。就现阶段而言,老人福利机构所提供照顾服务的质与量,均有提升与改善的空间。日本是亚洲第一个施行公共性长期照顾保险的国家,其施行之初也面临着一些与我国同样的问题,为提升长期照顾机构的服务质量,日本厚生劳动省在介护保险制度施行后的2002年,就开始倡导老人福利机构应建立危险管理机制的理念,并于2006年修订老人长期照顾福利机构管理规则,规定老人福利机构应建立危险管理机制,以提升照顾服务质量。有鉴于此,本文将对日本老人长期照顾福利机构建立危险管理机制的过程、基本架构,以及相关课题做系统说明,为我国老人福利机构经营管理提供参考,也可为我国未来在探讨老人长期照顾问题之际,提供必要的配套依据。     

影响广西沿边地区经济发展的原因与对策

影响广西沿边地区经济发展的原因有工业、人才和基础设施等诸多方面,加快广西沿边地区经济发展应当从依托区位优势、利用资源对接、以城市作为辐射、加强对外劳务合作和完善沿边地区旅游产业等方面入手。     

地方经济结构与制造业增长：来自对比苏浙两省的经验证据

利用苏浙两省1999年-2007年27个制造行业的面板数据,对比分析地方经济结构（专业化与多样化经济、本地竞争与垄断、FDI与出口）的外部性对制造业发展的影响。结果表明：多样化经济对苏浙两省产业发展有促进作用,专业化经济对浙江省产业发展有促进作用而对江苏省产业发展的影响不明显;本地竞争有利于产业发展,本地企业规模（垄断）对江苏省产业发展有促进作用,对浙江省有阻碍作用;FDI对两省产业发展的作用不明显,而出口有利于产业发展;产业集中对江苏省产业发展有促进作用而对浙江省有阻碍作用;传统的要素投入中,资本对产业发展具有一定的促进作用,而劳动力投入的作用不明显。