The Falsification of Li Hongzhang''''s Letters to His Family

FamilyLettersofFourPersonagesoftheQingDynastywasprintedbytheGuangyiPressin1936,andincludedinACollectionofMaterialsonModernChineseHistory.ThebookcontainsninetylettersbyLiHongzhang,whichalsoappearedinaseparateeditionunderthetitleLiHongzhangchidu(LettersofLiHongzhang)duringtheRepublicanPeriod.Basedonacarefulstudyoftheseletters,theauthorhasreachedtheconclusionthatalltheseninetylettersarecompletelyspurious.I.LetterstoLi'sParentsandAuntTherecipientsofLi'sletterscanbedividedintothreegroups…     

‘The Whole Family Suffered,So the Whole Family Needs to Recover’: Thematic Analysis of Substance-Abusing Mothers’ Family Therapy Sessions

ABSTRACT

Substance-abusing mothers and their children are more likely to experience a range of social, behavioral, and psychological difficulties. Despite the significant challenges faced by these families, little is known about their experiences in treatment. The current study analyzed 12 sessions of family therapy using thematic analysis to identify common themes that arose during discussion between substance-abusing mothers and their children during family therapy. Mothers’ ages ranged from 28 to 35 years old, and the children's ages ranged from 12 to 14 years old. Four therapy sessions from 3 families were coded for a total of 12 therapy sessions. An ecological framework was used to classify themes, in which themes related to each level of the families’ ecological systems were identified. Thematic analysis of the therapy sessions indicated that mothers and their children primarily discussed topics related to their relational and emotional needs. The findings indicated that mothers with substance use disorders and their children have unique treatment needs that should be addressed when the mother seeks treatment. More research is needed to further clarify and confirm the observations in this study. In particular, future research should include a larger sample and quantitative methodology.     

Korean American Dementia Family Caregivers’ Experience of a Psychoeducational Support Group: Investigation of Role of Culture

Seven Korean American dementia family caregivers participated in a psychoeducational group. A focus group was conducted to explore the effectiveness of the group work model. Analysis of the focus group presented four themes: (1) importance of education about dementia, (2) social support from other Korean caregivers, (3) role of language and Korean culture, and (4) heterogeneity of caregivers' needs. Implications for social work practice, policy, and research are provided.     

Chinese American Family Caregivers’ Perception of Program Use and Caregiver Stress

Caregiver programs provide specialized services and resources to reduce caregiver stress and improve family quality of life and health. Although there are resources and community services available, Chinese American family caregivers’ perceptions on caregiver programs and how specific services help to viably reduce their stress has yet to be examined. An in-depth interview was conducted with four Chinese American family caregivers in exploring their caregiving experiences and program service use; two of the caregivers were spouses and two were adult children. Content analysis revealed that their value of familial piety, and their need to ameliorate caregiver stress fueled their interest in new interventions to improve their quality of life and health. Spousal caregivers and adult children caregivers disclosed different needs due to caregiving, and adult children caregivers were less resistant to new interventions. The results of this study fill the knowledge gap on Chinese American family caregivers’ perception of caregiving in a cultural context as well as their needs. Suggestions for future research are to better understand the effectiveness of the specific services within caregiver programs that are effective in reducing caregiver stress among Chinese American family caregivers.     

The Science of Marriage and Family Law in China in the Twentieth Century

The science of marriage and family law (i. e., the science of the lawof domestic relations) is a science that focuses on marriage and familylaw and the legal phenomena related to marriage and families. Thescience of marriage and family law in modern China came into being atthe beginning of this century as a result of the legislation of the late Qingdynasty. At this time, the systems and theories of kindred law in thecontinental legal system were introduced into China from Japan andGermany. A…     

An Investigation of De-agriculturalization and Changes in the Position of Rural Women in the Family──The Example of Zhejiang Province

I. IntroductionThe rural areas of Zhejiang province in China are one of the regionswith a higher degree of de-agriculturalization, which roughly correspondsto that in rural areas throughout the country. De-agriculturalization inthese areas has gone through five stages: From 1949 to 1957, which wasthe embryonic stage of rural industry; from 1958 to 1959 was the stage ofthe people's commune industries; from 1959 to 1965 was a period ofreadjustment to non-agricultural enterprises; from 1966 to 1…     

Family Group Conferences: User Empowerment or Family Self-Reliance?--a development from Lupton

Correspondence to Shirley Jackson, Department of Social Work Studies, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK. Summary This article isa response to Lupton (1998). It is not in thetradition of a critical response, but rather a complementaryand extended exploration of the issues raised in the earlierpaper. It draws on the authors' respective experiences as innovatorand researcher in the field of child welfare and youth justiceand presents, within the overall debate, new material both fromchild welfare initiatives and from the recently completed studyinto the use of family group conferences in youth justice. Itconcludes that some of the key tenets of family group conferencesare in danger of being neglected by professional and politicalagendas if urgent attention is not given to the primary purposeof family empowerment and to adequate resourcing of FGC plans.     

A Qualitative Perspective of Family Resources Among Low Income,African American Grandmother–Caregivers

ABSTRACT

This ethnographic study describes a group of 7 low-income, African American, grandmother–caregivers' perceptions of family resources. An ethnographic design, enhanced by a genogram, captured those who were available and unavailable to provide support to the grandmother. The analysis used a constant comparative method to thematically capture grandmothers' perceptions of family support resources as absent, unavailable, dependent, and reliable support, and the circumstances that led to that status. The findings reveal that many African American grandmothers are rearing children with little family support, owing mainly to the devastation of negative social and economic conditions. The results suggest areas for improvement in social work assessment and intervention.     

The Life Cycle of the Family and the Law Governing Cyclical Fluctuations in the Family Economy—An Empirical Study Based Mainly on Information Related to China''''s National Minorities

Ｉ.Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｉｎｉｔｓｓｉｘｔｈｉｓｓｕｅｏｆ 1 996ＳｏｃｉａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｐｕｂｌｉｓｈｅｄａｐａｐｅｒｂｙＬｉＳｈｉａｎｄＢ .Ｇｕｓｔａｆｓｓｏｎｔｉｔｌｅｄ“ＡｎＥｓｔｉｍａｔｅｏｆｔｈｅＥｘｔｅｎｔａｎｄＳｃａｌｅｏｆＰｏｖｅｒｔｙｄｕｒｉｎｇｔｈｅＬａｔｅ 1 980ｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ .”Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｄａｔａｏｂｔａｉｎｅｄｆｒｏｍａｎｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｉｏｎｏｆｒｅｓｉｄｅｎｔｓ’ｉｎｃｏｍｅｓｃｏｎｄｕｃｔｅｄｂｙａ ｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｇｒｏｕｐｉｎ 1 9…     

What Do We Know about the Family?

Over the years we have spoken and written a great deal about universal pedagogical education, about the search for new forms and methods for educators to work with families, and we have been drawing inferences from a variety of sometimes brilliant and interesting experience. But can we claim today that the school has accomplished much in the way of pedagogical enlightenment of parents, or exerting influence on the family? It would take a great deal of boldness to do so. What is wrong here? Isn't it a fact that, while attempting to influence the family, we fundamentally know nothing about it—except, perhaps, whether it is a "drinking" family or a sober one? Yet statistics make very clear that more and more offenses are being committed by adolescents who come from families that are considered well off. Hence, this well-being must be illusory, and it is essential that we study the family more comprehensively and in depth, that we figure out what is important to teach parents. Considerable help in this regard can be provided by special studies that are being carried out at the Institute of Sociological Research, USSR Academy of Sciences. In this article we acquaint readers with this research.     

A Study of Changes in Family Structure in the Rural Areas of North China: Based on Analyses of South Hebei from the 1930s to 1990s

本文从1930—1990年代这一社会变革背景下考察冀南农村家庭结构的变动。在60年的历史演变中,冀南农村家庭结构有两个变动特征:一是复合家庭由土改前占一定比例,到土改后逐步萎缩,1960年代中期以后陆续在一些村庄消失;二是核心家庭比重稳步增多。虽然土改前各个村庄核心家庭均是比重最在的家庭类别,但它还未占到绝对多数。土改以后,特别是集体经济时代,核心型小家庭成为多数家庭成员的追求。家庭核心化局面在1960年代中期之后逐渐形成。     

Statewide Implementation of “Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease”: Impact on Family Caregiver Outcomes

There have been few replications of efficacious evidence-based programs for dementia caregivers offered in community settings. This study highlights the replication of the evidence-based Reducing Disability in Alzheimer’s Disease program and explores the changes in outcomes for participating caregivers and whether those changes are related to level of program utilization. With data from 219 caregivers, regression results indicate that more exercise sessions are associated with a decrease in caregiver strain and more behavior management sessions are associated with a decrease in unmet needs after 3 months. Findings demonstrate how a multicomponent program can have positive benefits for family caregivers.     

An Analysis of Changes in the Chinese Family Structure between Urban and Rural Areas： On the Basis of the 2010 National Census Data

2000年以来中国家庭结构变动表现为：核心家庭比例明显下降,单人户显著上升,直系家庭没有降低反而略有增加。城乡家庭结构变动有别：城市核心家庭构成缩小,单人户明显增加,直系家庭稍有降低;农村核心家庭构成降幅较大,单人户提高,直系家庭上升。城乡二级家庭结构变动也不尽相同。人口流动、子女数量、人口老龄化、婚姻和住房情况对家庭结构及其变动有显著影响。在家庭结构小型化为主导的时代,政府及社会组织应加强以家庭为目标的公共服务建设;改进户籍制度,减少劳动者与其家庭成员的地域分割;为增进和改善家庭代际关系创造条件。。     

The Marriages of Modern Tibetan Womenand Their Family Status~1—An Investigation of 200 Households in Lhasa City and Shannan Prefecture,Tibet

Ｉｎ 1996,ｔｈｅｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｇｒｏｕｐｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆｔｈｅｔｒａｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｎＴｉｂｅｔａｎ ｉｎｈａｂｉｔｅｄａｒｅａｓｉｎｔｅｒｖｉｅｗｅｄ 2 0 0ｆａｍｉｌｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＳｈｏａｎｄＪｉｋ ｒｉｓＮｅｉｇｈｂｏｒｈｏｏｄＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｓｉｎＬｈａｓａ ,ａｎｄｉｎＣｈｅ ｓａｖｉｌｌａｇｅｉｎＺｅｄａｎｇｔｏｗｎｓｈｉｐ ,Ｎｅｄｏｎｇｃｏｕｎｔｙ ,Ｓｈａｎｎａｎｐｒｅｆｅｃｔｕｒｅ ,ＴｉｂｅｔａｎＡｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓＲｅｇｉ…     

China’s Changing Family Structure and Adolescent Development

This paper examines the relationship between family structure and junior high school students’ educational and psychosocial development and its intermediate mechanisms. Our findings show, firstly, that family structure affects children’s development, and children living with both parents have better educational and psychosocial development than those without one or both parents. Secondly, family structure affects children’s development to some extent through the two mechanisms of family socioeconomic status and parental participation in education. Thirdly, fathers and mothers play different roles in children’s development. Mothers are more important to children’s educational development, while fathers are more important to their psychosocial development. In addition, the distribution of family structure shows marked group heterogeneity, and families lacking both parents tend to be groups with a lower socioeconomic status. Since adolescent development is closely related to the acquisition of socioeconomic status in adulthood, the negative impact of parental absence on children’s development should not be neglected by academics and policy researchers.     

After Safety,What is the Goal of Child Welfare Services: Permanency,Family Continuity or Social Benefit?

Child welfare services have multiple goals, including child protection, family continuity, and achievement of legal permanency so children can end their involvement with child welfare services and have a lifetime family. These goals are not all achievable to the same extent in all cases. American child welfare policy has, in the last few years, become more definitive about the priority of child protection above family preservation. Now, situations which involve safety risks that are too great do not require any efforts at reunifying children to their biological homes. Less clear in American child welfare policy and practice is the value to be placed on other factors – particularly when a child cannot return home and will need an alternative adoptive family. Practitioners often emphasize family continuity – that is, the opportunity to maintain contact with the biological parent and extended family members – as a key decision making consideration. Yet, family continuity does not necessarily predict a successful transition to adulthood that is healthy for children or provides social benefits to the community. This paper explores the rationale for expanding child welfare decision making criteria by adding longer-term outcomes and the likelihood that children will eventually generate social benefits.     

North-South Differences in the Status of Wives' and Concubines' Sons Based on "Later Marriages" in Yan Family Instructions

Inthefirstfascicletitled"Houqupian"(LaterMarriages)inthebookYanshijiaxun(YanFamilyInstructions)weread:SouthoftheYangtze,sonsbornofconcubinesarenotshunned.Afterthedeathofthewife,usuallytheconcubinesandfemaleservantsrunthehouse.Thoughsmallfrictionsareunavoidable,restrictedbyprinciplerules,seriousscandalsofinfightingarerare.However,northoftheriver,thesonsbornoflesserwivesarelookeddownuponandnotcountedasequals.Forthatreasonmenmustremarrythreeorfourtimes,sometimeswiththemother'sageyoungerthanth…