The dynamics among entrepreneurship,innovation, and economic growth in the Eurozone countries

Economic growth in the Eurozone has been lacklustre over the last two decades due to increased global competition from economic players in other regions, economic and financial crisis, and political uncertainties within the zone. To increase the global competitiveness of the region, the European Union launched the Europe 2020 Strategy to raise the level of entrepreneurship and innovation, which are purported to be key drivers of economic growth. The main purpose of this paper is to investigate whether this assertion is true. Thus, the paper investigates the Granger causal relationships among entrepreneurship development, innovation, and economic growth for a sample of the Eurozone countries for the period 2001–2016. Using a vector error-correction model, the study finds that in the long run, both entrepreneurship and innovation stimulate economic growth. In the short run, strong causal links exist but are not always uniform. The results reveal that Eurozone countries should indeed base their growth strategies on policies that promote innovation and policies that create incentives for entrepreneurship.     

The role of the social innovation and entrepreneurship development fund in fostering social entrepreneurship in Hong Kong: A study on public policy innovation

Creating an enabling environment for social entrepreneurship in tackling complex socio‐economic challenges is at the forefront of government policy agendas globally. Although several policy mechanisms have been proposed to this end, whether and to what extent those policy mechanisms may (re)shape the social entrepreneurship environments have rarely been explored. By examining the Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship Development Fund (SIE Fund), a recent policy project aimed at fostering social innovation in Hong Kong, this article presents a rare empirical exploration to illustrate how public policies can potentially drive social innovation. We explore first the impact of the SIE Fund in fostering innovation among its funded social enterprises, and second, how the SIE Fund may have influenced Hong Kong's social entrepreneurship environment. Results show that the projects under the SIE Fund exhibit characteristics distinct from the social enterprises prior to the inception of the SIE Fund. In addition, evidence of innovations in terms of product, process, marketing, and innovation in developing new or improved social practices were also identified. This study illustrates how specific public policy mechanisms may potentially facilitate the diversification, inclusion, innovation, and expansion of the social entrepreneurship environment. Findings carry substantial policy implications, in particular to neighbouring East Asian societies typically characterized by a strong government, and face similar structural, demographic and socio‐economic challenges that necessitate innovative solutions.     

论高职院校创新创业教育“生态系统”的构建

在“大众创业、万众创新”背景下,高职院校创新创业教育越来越受到重视。高职院校作为创新创业教育的生力军,需要进一步更新理念,结合职业教育人才培养特点,通过打造高度开放的创新协作体系、建立新型产学研关系、打造“思政+创新创业”教育融合模式等策略科学建构创新创业教育“生态系统”。     

基于创新创业能力培养的实践教学体系探索

创新创业教育已经上升到了国家重要战略层面,其研究受到专家学者的普遍重视。本文以高职院校会展策划与管理专业为例,分析双创教育在高职院校专业教学中存在的问题,从双创训练、双创实践、双创竞赛和双创项目等方面,探索基于双创能力培养的会展策划与管理专业实践教学体系的构建。     

The Development of Korea's New Long-Term Care Service Infrastructure and Its Results: Focusing on the Market-Friendly Policy Used for Expansion of the Numbers of Service Providers and Personal Care Workers

One of the main reasons for reforming long-term care systems is a deficient existing service infrastructure for the elderly. This article provides an overview of why and how the Korean government expanded long-term care infrastructure through the introduction of a new compulsory insurance system, with a particular focus on the market-friendly policies used to expand the infrastructure. Then, the positive results of the expansion of the long-term care infrastructure and the challenges that have emerged are examined. Finally, it is argued that the Korean government should actively implement a range of practical policies and interventions within the new system.     

Prosocial Motivation as a Driver of Social Innovation in the UAE

One important domain of nonmarket-driven innovation is social innovation. Defined as “new ideas that have the potential to improve either the quality or the quantity of life,” social innovation stands in stark contrast to business innovation that focuses on creativity with the intention of making a profit. Drawing on research on motivation, creativity, rentier mentality, and Islamic work ethics, this article takes a motivational approach to social innovation and advances a proposition that prosocial motivation is of particular importance in fostering social innovation in the context of the UAE. We argue that due to policies that grant nationals high financial stability and affluence, UAE locals are less likely to be driven by extrinsic motivation, but rather by intrinsic motivation. We propose that enhancing their prosocial motivation will have a synergetic effect with their intrinsic motivation and therefore lead to higher social innovation. This article extends the literature on prosocial motivation, social innovation, and social entrepreneurship by identifying a geographical/cultural region where the motivational basis for social innovation is amplified. Significantly, this article questions common assumptions about a rentier mentality and proposes a path to leverage social innovation. Implications for policymakers and practitioners are discussed.     

Risk aversion,downside risk aversion,and the transition to entrepreneurship

In this paper, we discuss the transition from secure employment to risky self-employment (entrepreneurship) caused by a small increase in wealth. Building on the apportioning risk literature, we prove that the transition from secure employment to risky entrepreneurship is based on a measure of the difference between the strength of downside risk aversion and the strength of risk aversion. This result highlights the idea that using the behavioral approach of risky lotteries to study entrepreneurship can produce different results from the traditional economic theory of entrepreneurship, which can have policy implications that must be considered with caution.

     

Female entrepreneurship: business,marriage and motherhood in England and Wales, 1851–1911

ABSTRACT

This article offers a new perspective on what it meant to be a business proprietor in Victorian Britain. Based on individual census records, it provides an overview of the full population of female business proprietors in England and Wales between 1851 and 1911. These census data show that around 30% of the total business population was female, a considerably higher estimate than the current literature suggests. Female entrepreneurship was not a uniform experience. Certain demographics clustered in specific trades and within those sectors employers and own-account proprietors had strikingly different age, marital status and household profiles. A woman’s life cycle event such as marriage, motherhood and widowhood played an important role in her decision whether to work, the work available to her and the entrepreneurial choices she could make. While marriage and motherhood removed women from the labour force, they had less of an effect on their levels of entrepreneurship. Women who had young children were more entrepreneurial than those who had none, and entrepreneurship rates rose with the arrival of one child and continued to rise the more children were added to the family.     

The politics of case management and social work

A case study analysing the introduction of case management into British social services supports the argument that social work is constructed through political processes. In such processes, the interaction among the interests of stakeholders within service innovations influences the construction of the role of social work. Case management was introduced to Britain, but developed in three different forms: social care entrepreneurship, brokerage and multiprofessional case management, including assertive outreach. The forms adopted were affected by the political interaction of stakeholders rather than the professional possibilities offered by case management itself. Evidence for the politics of case management is drawn from analysis of professional literature, the texts of official documents and empirical research outcomes. The introduction of case management led to a debate about how the nature of social work was affected by the innovation. Three alternative views were that social work was improved, or attacked by case management, or made a valid contribution to case management as a different form of practice. It is proposed that to understand the impact of a service innovation on social work, four factors must be considered: the character of the innovation itself; the economic, political and social contexts in which it is introduced; the political and social interests of the stakeholders themselves; and the political and social processes that take place during the introduction of the innovation.     

我国科技创新的问题与对策

我国的整体科技发展水平已位居发展中国家的前列,为解决发展过程中存在的问题,要处理好传统产业与高新技术的关系,技术引进与自主创新的关系,技术创新与体制创新的关系。要在科技全球化背景下继续大力进行科技体制改革,调整生产关系以促进科技生产力的发展;积极参与重大国际科技合作,吸收全球科技资源,强化企业创新能力和国际化程度;推进"官产学研金"相结合,实现高科技的产业化;加快创新人才队伍建设,促进人才回流。     

世界主要国家竞争力战略的比较与启示

制定科学合理的国家竞争战略、努力提升国家竞争能力已经成为各国发展的必然选择和关键所在。综观世界主要国家竞争力战略,无论是发达国家还是新兴市场国家都特别注重改善市场和创业环境,重视科技创新,强调经济体内外部的一致性、稳定性和协同性。在未来发展中,我国应当从提高企业自主创新能力、实施人才强国战略、加快转变发展方式、扩大国际交流合作和改革创新公共制度等五个方面着手,正确选择符合我国国情的国家竞争力提升战略。     

大学生创业问题及对策分析

当前,自主创业成为越来越多大学生的选择。但是在研究中发现,我国大学生创业动机高,行动少;创业教育成果少,问题多;创业机会多,创业环境差。这些问题的解决需要根据成就动机来激发创业动机;通过改善创业教育来培养创业技能;通过营造良好创业环境来支持大学生创业。     

方言能力、语言环境与城市移民创业行为

本文旨在探讨方言能力对城市移民创业行为的影响和对语言环境的调节效应。基于“身份认同理论”，以2010年和2012年中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）数据为样本，通过区分移民方言能力的沟通属性与文化属性，建立基于线性概率模型的创业决策模型和基于多元回归模型的创业收入模型。研究发现，方言能力的文化属性使移民创业的概率增加1.8%。在采用“双胞胎样本”方法排除样本选择偏误和内生性后，这一结果依旧稳健存在。分样本回归分析发现，方言能力只对教育水平较低的移民有显著的正向影响，对拥有不同物质资本的个体没有敏感性。进一步分析发现，方言能力对移民创业决策的促进作用在语言种类较少和普通话普及程度较低的地区更加明显，但对创业收入没有上述影响。本文有助于揭示语言在移民创业活动中的重要作用。     

核心竞争力:理论与战略问题

企业核心竞争力是以企业战略转型为实践根据提出的 ,是管理理论不断创新的结果。企业核心竞争力强调 ,在企业资源有效整合的基础上 ,形成独具的、支撑企业持续竞争优势的能力 ,这是企业长期制胜之根本。核心竞争力是企业战略层面的问题 ,是企业集聚核心业务、开发核心技术和提高核心价值的一整套战略。研究企业核心竞争力重在确立企业的核心竞争力战略     

大学生创业问题及对策分析

当前,自主创业成为越来越多大学生的选择。但是在研究中发现,我国大学生创业动机高,行动少;创业教育成果少,问题多;创业机会多,创业环境差。这些问题的解决需要根据成就动机来激发创业动机;通过改善创业教育来培养创业技能;通过营造良好创业环境来支持大学生创业。     

基于TRIZ理论和案例库的技术创新平台构建

随着竞争的加剧,企业的创新速度也在不断地加快。鉴于此,提出基于TRIZ理论和知识管理协同作用的创新平台构建,通过平台化战略来满足企业快速创新的需求。知识管理提供了获取、存储由经验产生的知识方法,而TRIZ理论提供了系统化创新的解决问题方法,结合两种方法构建一个有效的创新平台,可以为企业的创新活动提供有力的支撑。     

创业型经济:改变经济增长逻辑的经济形态

创业型经济的诞生是新创成长型中小企业推动和既有企业特别是大企业内部创业推动的结果。作为一种社会经济形态,创业型经济表现为以创新为基础创业活动的全方位发展;作为一种经济运行方式,创业型经济实现了从微观到宏观有利创业的推进机制。创业型经济改变了经济增长的逻辑:一方面,促进了经济增长由单引擎推动向双引擎推动的转化;另一方面,使创业推动由单边推动转变为双边推动,增强了经济的推动力。     

中国企业国际化模式分析与政策建议

中国企业在国际化进程中表现出了双重国际化模式,即传统的生产国际化和新兴的资本国际化。前者包括自有产品与技术的直接出口企业、对外合资或独资的企业和开展跨国并购的企业;后者包括境外上市的中国企业、境内上市外资股的公司和其他具有外资股的中国境内企业。中国企业应结合业务特征和产品市场结构,寻求符合企业发展战略的国际化模式。一方面,积极扩大产品的海外市场,特别是开辟具有增长潜力的新兴经济体市场,追寻全球生产链中的最佳位置;另一方面,引进战略机构投资者或寻求境外上市,加快企业内部重组与机制创新。     

技术创新过程中商业秘密权的保护战略与策略

技术创新过程是商业秘密的重要源头,商业秘密权的保护也是促进技术创新的重要手段。作为技术创新主体,特别是企业不仅应对取得、利用、管理和保护商业秘密权的时间、方式和地域等问题做出保护性战略选择,而且还应在机构、人员、制度和手段等方面选择或采取一系列保护策略。     

中国流通领域改革开放30年回顾

中国流通领域的改革开放是建立社会主义市场经济体制的重要内容。改革开放之前,中国流通领域长期存在高度集中而又封闭分割的特征,国内与国外市场、内贸与外贸相互隔绝,存在两个管理体制和两种政策环境。经过30年的改革开放,中国流通领域的体制环境已经面貌一新,开放型现代流通体制框架已经初步建立,与WTO接轨的商务管理体制已见雏形,商贸服务业的产业延伸促进了体制创新。改革的主要经验是,以对外开放为先导,以开放促改革;改革遵循先易后难、边破边立、逐步完善的渐进路径;突破传统商品流通领域框架,建立了容纳更多服务业的新商务体制。改革经验的经济学含义是,选择出口导向开放战略作为改革突破口具有必然性：商品与服务流通的市场结构与人力资本存在内在联系;扩大非物质产品流通是体制创新的重要基础。