网络场域：人口学研究的空间转向

空间是人口学研究的核心概念,是人口学理论的一个基本分析视角,是人口学方法的一个重要分析工具。随着网络社会的崛起,人类生存与发展的空间发生了变化,人口学发展产生了新的理论框架和新的问题意识。转向网络场域是人口学对空间研究的反思。是人口学随着网络社会崛起对空间研究的理论自觉。基于拥有独立研究对象、有理论基础的支撑和研究方法的支持,网络人口学得以可能。     

市场经济与均衡人口

在经济学中，均衡分析是一种很重要的认识理论与分析工具。均衡是从物理学引进到经济学领域的。均衡（equilibrium）和平衡（balance）有所不同。西方经济学所指的均衡，讲的是供求数量一致和价格均衡。而平衡是指供求双方所代表的社会劳动量的一致和价值量的平衡。20世纪60、70年代以来，西方非均衡理论发展很快，这种理论对从瓦尔拉斯到当代的一般均衡理论中的供求一致提出否定，并强调数量信号。均衡理论和非均衡理论，都对人口学尤其是人口经济学有很大应用价值。西方适度人口理论或多或少地运用了均衡分析和最优理论。适度人口理论在我…     

人力资本理论的演进及对人力资源开发的作用

人力资本的内涵和特征是随着历史的发展而确立和延伸的。本文梳理了中外学者对“人力资本”的不同定义，分析了人力资本理论的发展及其概念的扩展，以及人力资本理论对人力资源开发理论和实践的指导作用。指出人力资源开发研究者应进一步在个人、组织、社区和国际水平上探索人力资本理论和人力资源开发的关系。     

SARS对人口社会学的挑战

SARS是对中华民族的考验,也是对人口行为的严峻考验。“检讨”、应对、分析中国人口与SARS的关系,是人口社会学研究中一个迫切需要探讨的理论与现实问题。     

老龄社会学理论:研究现状和政策意义

本文基于对老年学教学与科研的发展,回顾了中外老龄社会学理论研究的现状和发展历程,并对老龄社会学理论的分析层次、基本假设和理论的政策意义,以及今后的研究方向进行了初步分析。     

人口生育行为的理论追溯及经济成本和经济效用

人口问题是影响社会发展的重要因素之一.追溯人口问题的理论渊源,以可持续发展理论为指导,运用现代家庭经济学、人口经济学等理论,对人口生育行为进行经济成本和经济效用的分析,为解决社会经济与人口、资源、环境协调的可持续发展提供理论依据.     

人力资本、职业搜寻渠道、职业流动对农民工工资的影响——基于分位数回归和OLS回归的实证分析

利用2008年在北京、上海、天津和广州四个城市进行的问卷调查资料,使用分位数回归和OLS回归两种方法对农民工工资的影响因素进行计量分析。研究发现,一般人力资本和企业特殊人力资本都对工资收入水平有正向影响。收入水平越高的工作,其人力资本的回报率越高。强关系是农民工最主要的职业搜寻渠道,但通过强关系找到的工作的工资水平显著地偏低。工资匹配理论和职业搜寻理论的理论框架更适用于对农民工劳动力市场的分析,然而,和这两个理论的结论不同,工作流动并不能显著提高农民工的工资水平。     

关于中国特色社会主义人口理论建设的思考

我们应当建设起中国特色社会主义人口理论。以“两种生产革命实践”论对马克思主义人口理论作较全面的理解是建设这一理论的关键一环。当前，这个理论的主要任务是：对社会主义初级阶段人口特征作理论分析，论证此阶段中诸如“统筹解决人口问题”等的人口社会管理政策措施和提出符合中国国情实际的应对人口社会问题的策略。     

老年抚养比：理论与实际的偏离

理论老年抚养比与实际老年抚养比存在严重偏离 ,老年人口劳动参与率及劳动年龄人口劳动参与率是影响老年抚养比偏离的主要因素 ,老年抚养比在社会经济中发挥的重要作用 ,决定了我们应当对老年抚养比偏离必须有一清晰认识 ,扭转长期以来用理论老年抚养比代替实际老年抚养比分析相关问题的习惯作法 ,走出多年来以理论老年抚养比代替实际老年抚养比的误区 ,更加科学、准确地分析和判断人口发展对社会经济发展的影响。     

理论老年抚养比与实际老年抚养比偏离分析

理论老年抚养比与实际老年抚养比存在严重偏离 ,老年人口劳动参与率及劳动年龄人口劳动参与率是影响老年抚养比偏离的主要因素 ,老年抚养比在社会经济中发挥的重要作用 ,决定了我们应当对老年抚养比偏离必须有一清晰认识 ,扭转长期以来用理论老年抚养比代替实际老年抚养比分析相关问题的习惯作法 ,走出多年来以理论老年抚养比代替实际老年抚养比的误区 ,更加科学、准确地分析和判断人口发展对社会经济发展的影响。     

The Set Point Theory of Well-Being Has Serious Flaws: On the Eve of a Scientific Revolution?

Set-point theory is the main research paradigm in the field of subjective well-being (SWB). It has been extended and refined for 30 years to take in new results. The central plank of the theory is that adult set-points do not change, except temporarily in the face of major life events. There was always some ‘discordant data’, including evidence that some events are so tragic (e.g. the death of one’s child) that people never regain their set-point. It was possible to dismiss these events as ‘exceptions’ and maintain the theory. However, several new findings are emerging, which cannot be dismissed as ‘exceptions’ and which appear to require substantial revisions or replacement of set-point theory. Many of these findings are based on the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP 1984-), which provides the longest available time series on life satisfaction. Despite its centrality, the concept of the set-point is often not precisely defined. In this paper three alternative working definitions are offered. Depending on which definition is used, it is found that over 20 years 14–30% of German panel members recorded large and apparently permanent changes in their set-points. Changes of this magnitude are not compatible with set-point theory as currently understood. The challenge for SWB researchers now is to develop a theory which can account for change as well as stability.     

Knowledge Sharing and Life Satisfaction: The Roles of Colleague Relationships and Gender

This study is the first to test the impact of knowledge sharing on life satisfaction. Based on social exchange theory, social capital theory, and self-determination theory, we tested a mediation pathway through which knowledge sharing affects life satisfaction via its influence on perceived quality of relationships with colleagues. Drawing on social role theory, we also examined the moderating role of gender on the relation between colleague relationship and life satisfaction. While social capital theory and self-determination theory suggest that quality colleague relationships have a positive impact on life satisfaction, social role theory suggests that the strength of this relationship varies on the basis of gender. Data collected from 246 full-time workers supported the mediation path, even when job satisfaction was controlled. While gender moderated the effect of colleague relationships on life satisfaction, the moderated mediation effect of knowledge sharing on life satisfaction was not supported. Our results suggest that knowledge sharing, as an important work behavior, not only promotes effective work-related outcomes but also has a positive impact on individuals’ subjective well-being. Theoretical implications are discussed.     

Theories and practical problems of population facing four modernizations being conscientiously studied]

The Second National Symposium on Population Theory focused on the problems of population and their solution associated with the 4 modernizations. The following issues discussed by 7 Sumposium panels are summarized: population development theory in the socialist society; population problems in China and their solution; population policies and legislation relating to population control; population distribution and migration; population estimation and population planning; and population research and the establishment of population theory. Discussants agreed that the comprehensive investigation of population principle in a socialist society is of great importance to decisionmaking in the area of China's population development policy. Several different issues arose concerning the content and critical areas in the development of a socialist population principle. More than 1 principle is operating in socialist population theory, but the most important is the principle of population reproduction. The point was made that in addition to the population principle specific to individual society, there exists principles that are common to every society. The consensus was that population growth is associated with all the economical, political, and idelogical developments and that among these the association between population growth and economic development is the most significant. The current major population problem in China was identified as maladjustment between population growth and economic development. This maladjustment has led to problems in the areas of education, employment, transportation, and housing. The fundamental solution was identified as improving economical development to increase the material reproduction and controlling the population reproduction. In addition to birth control policies, it was suggested that population policies should include the geographical distribution and migration of the population. There was wide support for the proposal to legislate population control. It was agreed that such legislation would promote the progress of population control and assure its success. Discussion of the problems of population distribution and migration concentrated on the population problems of the urban area and minority ethnic groups. It was suggested that a nationwide census be conducted in population planning, population legislation, and population theory investigation. In order to establish the socialist population theory, it is essential to clarify the subjects, scopes, and methods of population research.     

关于我国人口理论建设问题的思索与建议

我国社会主义市场经济的建立，否定了“物质生产的有计划性决定了人口生产也应有计划地进行”的理论认识，使人口理论面临新的抉择。人口理论建设的关键是融通马克思主义两种生产观、马克思主义生产力理论、可持续发展观等认识论，坚持党的基本理论。为此，建议以马克思主义生产力理论其中要高扬“可持续发展”意蕴作为人口基础理论。     

Perceptual indicators of family well-being

A resource exchange theory for the development of perceptual indicators of quality of family life is presented with empirical evidence to test the theory. The theory specifies six classes of resources: love, status, services, information, goods and money, as necessary to maintain some level of life quality. The first three are the most dependent on the particular people involved in the exchange relationship and the interpersonal exchanges of these resources offer opportunities for highest levels of satisfaction. It was hypothesized (1) that feelings about the particularistic resources received from family would significantly contribute to family life satisfaction for men and women; (2) that the order of resource classes on the particularism dimension would correspond to the order of their effectiveness in contributing to family life satisfaction. Results of the study support the theoretical model and hypotheses and suggest that further research with respondents of differing life circumstances is needed. The need for indicators of quality of family life in quality of life research is emphasized.     

Some problems with the development of the population theory since the founding of the People's Republic of China]

Since the founding of the People's Republic of China, the development of the population theory has experienced some setbacks. It is important to learn lessons from the past and establish a socialist population theory based on science. During the 1st 30 years of the People's Republic of China, the development of a population theory can be divided into 3 stages: 1) stage one was from 1949 to 1957 -- belief in population control on the basis of sociology; 2) stage two was from the late 1950s to early 1960s -- represented by Mr. Ma Yinchu's "New Population Theory" and the theory of the opposing side; and 3) stage Three began after the 1960s. Throughout the 1960s, studies of population theory remained stagnant, and no progress in this field was possible. In the 1970s, especially since the downfall of the "Gang of Four," the development of a population theory has entered a new stage. 3 problems with the development of the population theory discussed by the author are: 1) an evaluation of Comrade Mao Zedong's thoughts on population, 2) the division of different schools in population theory, 3) the different periods in the development of the population theory since 1949. Mao Zedong did change his thoughts on population control, but he was in favor of family planning and supported studies in population theory. Besides Ma Yinchu, Chin Da, Fei Xiaotong, Wu Jingchao and others also had their own population theories. The author emphasizes the contributions made by Mao Zedong and the Communist Party in the development of a population theory. New accomplishments and experience are expected with the downfall of the "Gang of Four."     

Racisms, heterosexisms, and identities: a semiotic phenomenology of self-understanding

This article examines the contributions of lesbians of color to the developmental relationship between queer theory and qualitative research methodology. Its thesis is that the contributions of lesbians of color in this context have been overlooked despite being featured. This oversight is explained through an examination of theoretical perspectives that dominate our current understanding of the relationship between queer theory and qualitative research. Postmodernism is revealed as susceptible to liberal bias and racist exclusions common in U.S. culture. Semiotic phenomenology is offered as a non-essentialist approach to queer theory and qualitative research that reduces the liberal bias and racist exclusions often perpetuated in postmodern theorizing that have led to the exclusion of contributions of lesbians of color in queer theory.     

John Maynard Keynes's theories of population and the concept of “optimum”

This review of Keynes' scattered writings on population, which in view of his general importance as an economist might be of interest in itself, is used to highlight the marked shift in demographic theory during the past three decades. The revival of Malthusianism during the 1920's was followed by a contrary emphasis during the following depression decade, and this change in opinion was much more violent than the one in demographic trends that it in part reflected. The current dispute over the relevance of Malthus's theory is marked by a fundamental confusion between a Malthusian and a Keynesian frame of reference. Explicitly or implicitly, various policies are set in accord with what is taken to be the optimum population of a country, but this optimum is not determinable in terms of present theory.     

A critical examination of stage theories of lesbian identity development

A general stage theory of lesbian identity development was compiled on the basis of six theories of lesbian or gay identity development. The general theory and the six specific theories were then examined empirically, using repeated interviews with 14 women who were currently experiencing changes with respect to their sexual orientation. The data conformed to the general stage theory to a large degree, especially at early stages of development, but marked discrepancies were also found. Order and timing of events varied among these women, and for some lesbian identity did not represent a final stage of development. It was found that the process of lesbian identity development, or sexual orientation change in general, was very sensitive to the social/historical context.     

Money Buys Financial Security and Psychological Need Satisfaction: Testing Need Theory in Affluence

The most prominent theory to explain the curvilinear relationship between income and subjective well-being (SWB) is need theory, which proposes that increased income and wealth can lead to increased well-being in poverty because money is used to satisfy basic physiological needs. The present study tests the tenets of need theory by proposing that money can buy happiness beyond poverty if the money satisfies higher-order needs. Findings indicate that in older adults (n = 1,284), as economic standing rises, so do individual perceptions of financial security (a safety need), which in turn increases overall life satisfaction. Further, a path model tested the degree to which financial security and psychological need satisfaction mediated the path from economic standing to life satisfaction and demonstrated the complete mediation through higher-order needs—there was a 66% reduction in the direct link through financial security and a 34% reduction through psychological need satisfaction. Discussion focuses on how these mediation and path models extend need theory.