冷战后时代的族群冲突:国内原因与国际挑战

冷战后时代族群冲突复振现象引起学术界关注,理论解释众多。两极霸权结束以后留下的政治真空,为历史的民族主义解读重开窗口。跨境族群问题可能引发民族统一主义意识形态国家与反民族统一主义意识形态的国家之间的冲突,并对一国族群关系和国家统一带来严重影响。在一个动荡和脆弱的多元社会,每个群体都感到自己的安全受到威胁,并对未来产生集体恐惧,从而潜伏着暴力冲突。不安全和社会对立所引发的恐惧,为族群精英进行族群内部操控提供了基础。后冷战时期族群冲突的复振也对当下国际准则框架提出了挑战。     

乡村社区秩序重塑:外部干预与农户生计的互动

来自市场或者外部干预的力量与社区乡土文化和知识影响下的农户生计选择进行着最大限度互动,引导和催化着社区秩序重塑.不过,这种重塑可能由于外部干预受到激发,但并不是外部干预的必然结果,它是一个不问断的过程,在社区内部的冲突和协调下又会产生新一轮的重塑.     

跨界民族问题的形成、表现及影响

跨界民族是指跨国界而居的同一民族。强烈的民族意识、民族利益问题、不平等的民族政策和外部势力的介入等原因会引发跨界民族问题,并产生国内和国际影响。跨界民族问题对国内政治的影响主要表现为危及国家领土完整和主权安全、危害国家边疆地区稳定和国防安全、削弱国家凝聚力、加剧民族矛盾与冲突、损害所在国人民生命财产安全等方面;跨界民族问题对国际政治关系的影响则主要体现在对相关国家周边外交关系带来深远影响,易于引发相关地区关系紧张与冲突并成为引发重大国际矛盾与冲突的重要因素等方面。     

纳卡民族冲突风云再起的多维解析

纳卡民族冲突由来已久,大致分为1988年之前的冲突时期、1988-1994年大规模冲突时期、1994-2020非战非和时期,以及2020年9月至今的冲突再起时期,期间起起伏伏,冲突的病灶一直未得到根除.9月27日爆发的大规模民族冲突既有痼疾也有新症.痼疾是纳卡地区的归属问题、民族仇视问题、文明冲突问题和国际势力干预问题.新症是新冠疫情和经济危机带来的国内矛盾加剧问题,地缘政治经济变化带来的更多国际势力干预问题.2020年11月10日,在俄罗斯的斡旋之下阿塞拜疆和亚美尼亚签署了停火协议,但在痼疾、新症均未解决下的停火也只是暂时的,纳卡这个高加索地区的"火药桶"随时有可能再次被点燃.     

中华民族共同体视域下阿富汗重建对新疆民族地区安全与发展的影响及应对

铸牢中华民族共同体意识是全国各族人民团结稳定的基石,是新时代民族工作的主线,也是贯穿新疆安全与发展的主线。新疆民族地区是中华民族多元一体格局的重要组成部分,在新疆民族地区铸牢中华民族共同体意识的实质就是增强新疆各族群众对中华民族共同体的认同。当前美国为首的联军完全撤出阿富汗,阿富汗塔利班重掌阿富汗政权,阿富汗重建出现了新的局面。虽然阿富汗局势发生重大变化,但是难民问题、毒品问题、恐怖主义等非传统安全问题依然是阿富汗重建过程中必须面对和解决的。中国新疆与阿富汗接壤,阿富汗重建对新疆的安全与发展产生诸多影响。成功的阿富汗重建会消解其毒恐外溢的效应和强化新疆在丝绸之路经济带建设中的核心区地位。通过打击“三股势力”和毒品犯罪以维护好新疆社会的稳定为新疆的经济发展提供良好的安全环境。新疆经济持续健康发展,新疆各民族群众的生活持续向好,就会带动整个新疆民族地区的认同感增强,反过来又消除了“三股势力”和毒品犯罪赖以生存的土壤。安全与发展两者相辅相成、互为因果。新疆的安全与发展既是铸牢中华民族共同意识的实现路径,又是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的目标所在。     

阿富汗重建中的哈扎拉人研究

哈扎拉人是阿富汗第三大民族,具有蒙古血统,信奉伊斯兰教,属什叶派,由于在民族和宗教两个层面都属于少数族群,在近代以来的阿富汗历史上,哈扎拉人长期受到普什图人的压制,在2001年的阿富汗战争后,在新的权力分配格局、选举政治、来自外界支持等因素的作用下,哈扎拉人开始走向民族崛起之路,民族主义思潮也随之生长,这对阿富汗的民族关系和政治平衡造成了巨大影响。在未来,哈扎拉人的命运还面临着很多不确定因素,阿富汗安全局势的变化、民主制度退化的可能性、普什图人对这一现实的适应性以及阿富汗政府同塔利班达成和解的可能性都将给哈扎拉人的命运带来巨大挑战。为了使包括哈扎拉人在内的阿富汗所有族群都能共享和平,国际社会、阿富汗政府、普什图人、哈扎拉人及其他族群都需要付出共同努力。     

对全球化、边缘化与族群冲突的独到分析——评《全球化进程中的东南亚民族问题研究》

族群问题不仅关系到国家的稳定与安全,而且也是影响国际关系的重要因素,尤其是随着全球化的迅猛发展,族群冲突加剧,全球化与族群冲突成为当今世界关注的热点与学术界研究的重大问题。在多民族、多文化的东南亚地区,族群矛盾深刻,这不仅给当事国人民造成诸多痛苦,而且引发危及国     

马戎:“去政治化”的政治

马戎教授认为,在中国几千年的发展历史中,逐步形成了具有中国特色的族群和族际关系,并在如此国情基础上形成了相应的观念体系。中国几千年来在处理族群关系具有把族群问题"文化化"的传统,采用"族群"概念代替"民族",并非把民族问题定义为"非政治性问题"。民族问题"去政治化"在表层上是避免把各族民众在经济交往和文化互动中产生的纠纷和价值冲突政治化,按照"是什么问题就按什么问题解决"的原则处理;深层次的谋略是确保维护祖国统一、有效反对民族分裂势力。民族问题"去政治化"是一个方向,在没有得到民族精英和民族大众广泛认同前,不宜提出具体的政策措施。在此期间,更应该反对大汉族主义,以维护少数民族和民族地区的基本权益。     

中间群体、边民与他者——贵州穿青人的族群形成和认同

穿青人是包含有多种族群成分的人们共同体,在历史上属于华夏边缘的中间群体,形成了一种中间化的心理和认同.在民族国家的建构中,由于忽略了地方文化的复杂性,穿青人被官方识别为汉族的一支,导致族群的外部分类和内部认同呈现出较大的张力.族群关系紧张的内部原因和边疆国家化的外部动力,使穿青人的族群认同逐步提升为民族观念.穿青人少数民族化的诉求,是边缘族群逆转边缘地位的选择.本文从族群形成的概念出发,通过长时段的观察,梳理穿青人从中间群体、边民到他者的形象变迁,表明在边疆国家化背景下,地方族群如何展开实践,维持自己的社会文化疆域.     

黎以冲突的根源及影响

2009年2月,黎巴嫩与以色列的冲突再度升级,引起国际社会高度关注。黎以冲突既是自身历史遗留问题的延续,同时更是外部势力插手干涉所致。黎以冲突对中东和平进程产生了较大影响。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

Refugees,migrants, neither,both: categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis’

The use of the categories ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ to differentiate between those on the move and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of their claims to international protection has featured strongly during Europe’s ‘migration crisis’ and has been used to justify policies of exclusion and containment. Drawing on interviews with 215 people who crossed the Mediterranean to Greece in 2015, our paper challenges this ‘categorical fetishism’, arguing that the dominant categories fail to capture adequately the complex relationship between political, social and economic drivers of migration or their shifting significance for individuals over time and space. As such it builds upon a substantial body of academic literature demonstrating a disjuncture between conceptual and policy categories and the lived experiences of those on the move. However, the paper is also critical of efforts to foreground or privilege ‘refugees’ over ‘migrants’ arguing that this reinforces rather than challenges the dichotomy’s faulty foundations. Rather those concerned about the use of categories to marginalise and exclude should explicitly engage with the politics of bounding, that is to say, the process by which categories are constructed, the purpose they serve and their consequences, in order to denaturalise their use as a mechanism to distinguish, divide and discriminate.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.