透过我国上市公司重大审计失败案例分析审计失败成因

自世纪80年代，我国注册会计师行业迅猛发展。然而近几年我国上市公司接连发生重大审计失败事件，注册会计师行业备受争议。本文试图从注册会计师内部和外部两个方面分析审计失败的成因，并提出了相应的对策。     

注册会计师与管理当局的博弈分析

用博弈的方法来探讨从不同的角度对该问题进行了研究,例如:从注册会计师审计质量、审计监督、审计风险、审计独立性等角度研究了注册会计师与管理当局博弈.该文主要从注册会计师选用的重要性水平角度基于混合策略的纳什均衡来分析注册会计师与管理当局的博弈关系.     

论审计质量特征与审计质量控制

随着上市公司一系列财务丑闻的爆发,我国注册会计师审计质量已成为社会各界关注的焦点。注册会计师全面审计质量控制是提升我国注册会计师审计质量的重要途径。本文从注册会计师审计质量的内涵特征、影响因素和措施建议3个方面进行了研究。     

委托代理关系下审计独立性的博弈分析

本文建立了委托代理关系下注册会计师与管理当局的博弈模型,并采用逆向归纳法对模型进行求解,尝试找到降低管理当局与注册会计师"合谋"概率、提高审计独立性的有效措施。     

基于经济学理论分析注册会计师审计独立性

注册会计师审计独立性是审计经济学的核心,是注册会计师的安身立命之本,是注册会计师审计的精髓所在。但是从近年来发生的一些会计丑闻来看,现实中却存在着严重的审计独立性丧失。本文首先从经济学的角度分析注册会计师审计的产生,提出审计独立性随着注册会计师审计的产生并通过多次博弈最终形成,最后阐述了审计独立性丧失的经济学原因并据此提出解决策略。     

了基于注册会计师审计独立性分析

独立性是注册会计师审计的本质属性,是注册会计师的灵魂,是注册会计师这一职业赖以生存和发展的最基本条件。没有独立性,注册会计师审计也就失去了存在的价值。本文首先阐述了独立性的含义,然后以相对、概率、风险三方面性质对独立性进行定义,具有一定的理论与现实意义。     

浅析风险导向审计的思路与审计程序的选择

风险导向审计是当今主流的审计方法,它将财务报表重大错报风险的识别、评估和应对作为审计工作的主线。本文主要从注册会计师对被审计单位进行风险评估和风险应对两个方面讲诉了风险导向审计的基本思路,然后分析了风险导向审计模式下审计程序的选择。     

注册会计师对内部控制有效性的影响

近年来,世界各国相继出现不少影响巨大的财务舞弊案和审计失败案。导致这些案件的原因是多方面的,其中企业内部控制设计及执行不完善导致管理层轻松逾越控制和注册会计师不重视对内部控制的分析和评价导致无法有效控制风险是两个重要原因。本文从内部控制的有效性出发,重点论述了注册会计师对于内部控制有效性的影响机制,并在此基础上提出自己的见解,即对于注册会计师的审计过程监管也是举足轻重的,应加强在此方面的监管。     

论注册会计师民事法律责任与审计质量

独立审计准则的实施在促进上市公司会计信息质量的提高、维护证券市场秩序等方面均起到了积极的推动作用,但是,我国证券市场经注册会计师审计的上市公司财务会计报表出现的虚假陈述和重大遗漏,严重地破坏了证券市场的公开、公平、公正原则且损害了广大投资者的利益。注册会计师对上市公司披露的信息进行独立的审计有助于提高信息的可信性,注册会计师的审计质量不仅是注册会计师审计行业的生命线,而且也是注册会计师承担法律责任的基础。     

我国民间审计责任探讨

民间审计责任即注册会计师审计责任,是当前关系审计执法和提高审计质量亟待解决的问题之一.本文认为民间审计责任的界定是首要的,既有对客户的责任也有对第三者的责任,职业责任和法律责任是不可混淆的.分析民间审计责任形成的原因和相关影响因素,进而从法律、行业管理、事务所以及注册会计师个人方面规范审计责任的相关措施.     

Does municipal ownership affect audit fees?

This study analyses whether municipal ownership affects and determines audit fees. Our model of the determinants of audit fees was tested on data from 249 Swedish municipal and 240 private corporations within the real estate industry, thus extending the study of audit fees to hybrid organizations. The statistical analysis was followed up with interviews of five partners from five different audit firms. The result of the study shows that municipal corporations are paying significantly lower audit fees than equivalent private corporations. This finding is primarily explained by lower perceived business risk and by the fact that municipalities are able to push prices by coordinating procurements of audit services.

     

基于逻辑关系视角对企业战略性人力资源审计内容结构的解析

本文基于逻辑关系视角对企业战略性人力资源审计的内容结构进行了总括性探讨。本文认为,在逻辑关系上,一个完整的战略性人力资源审计内容结构包括:人力资源功能审计→人力资源价值链审计→人力资源行动审计→人力资源准则审计→人力资源基础审计,同时对这些内容进行了再分解。     

Prüfungshonorare in Deutschland – Determinanten und Implikationen

The audit fees available since 2005 as a consequence of the Bilanzrechtsreformgesetz (commercial code reform act) show an extremely high supplier concentration on the German audit market of publicly listed companies. This justifies the assumption of audit fees above perfect market equilibrium prices. However, the complete collection and multivariate regression analysis of all relevant audit fee and client data document a 24 % decrease in audit fees in 2005 and an average 15 % decrease in the two subsequent years due to auditor changes. This can be interpreted as an indicator for price competition. In addition, the audit fee data shows that the audit fee decreases are only partially compensated by subsequent increases. As a consequence, there is no evidence for lowballing at present. Further time series are necessary to show if the current trend is sustainable.     

Effective working relationships between audit committees and internal audit—the cornerstone of corporate governance in local authorities, a Welsh perspective

This research looks at the working relationship between audit committees and the internal audit function within Welsh local government. The focus is primarily on the working relationship from the perspective of the head of internal audit, also known as the Chief Audit Executive or Chief Internal Auditor [Head of internal audit will be used synonymously with that of Chief Audit Executive and Chief Internal Auditor]. Is it a marriage of convenience or a working relationship where the two can capitalise on what they both bring to the corporate governance arena? Reluctance by local government in Wales to embrace the merits of audit committees in the late 1990s means that local government is playing catch up with other public sector organisations. This in turn affects the recognition of the benefits of an effective audit committee capable of working with the internal audit function to promote sound corporate governance. Published guidelines by the UK public sector accountancy body in 2005 on the implementation of audit committees within local government made those organisations yet to establish an audit committee to rethink the situation, and were encouraged by the seemingly positive benefits of audit committees. Wales was no exception, and the 22 local authorities considered embracing the concept of audit committees. Consequently, this placed the internal audit function and head of internal audit under the spotlight in terms of the expectations of the audit committee members. Audit committees roles and responsibilities mean that they should assist councils and officers to ensure they undertake their responsibilities with probity and effectiveness, especially in respect of financial control. It is imperative that committee chairs and internal audit can function as a working team in order to be effective. Audit Committees have a role to assess the performance of the internal audit function, appoint heads of internal audit, support and promote the audit function within the organisation. It is therefore important that the heads of internal audit have confidence and respect for the audit committee and its chair in terms of the skill and knowledge it has of the audit role in relation to the financial and non-financial aspects of the organisation. Laura Spira (2003) comments on how very little research has been undertaken in relation to the audit committee activities, within the private sector, consequently very little is known about what they actually do, let alone how effective they are in undertaking their role. In a similar vein, the same is true of the public sector audit committee activities, especially when they have tended to adopt the private sector audit committee as a blue print to their own audit committee development.     

The role of audit technology and extension of audit procedures in strategic auditing

This article develops game-theoretic hidden action models for examining the role of noisy audit technology and the extension of audit procedures in deterring material irregularities. We model two different types of games: (1) a game in which the auditor makes the acceptlreject decision after the primary audit, by sometimes going contrary to the audit signal, and (2) a game in which the auditor makes the accept/reject decision after the primary audit or after extending the audit. Nash strategies are analyzed, and the equilibrium behavior involves mixed strategies on the part of the auditor and the auditee. The key results of this analyses are: (1) increasing precision in audit effectiveness may result in increasing material irregularities, and (2) the increase in material irregularities can be avoided if the audit technology, that is, audit effectiveness and audit efficiency, exceeds the required critical values.     

The Governance Role of Audit Committees: Reviewing a Decade of Evidence

Even though audit committees have traditionally been a key component of corporate governance regulation, the last decade has witnessed a greater emphasis on audit committee regulation and a parallel intensification of academic research on the subject. This review synthesizes recent empirical research seeking to investigate various aspects of audit committees’ governance role. The review is structured around current regulatory expectations of audit committees seeking to document the extent to which specific characteristics of good practice influence various components of audit committee effectiveness. It is found that larger and more independent audit committees as well as those with financial expertise are more likely to seek a higher level of external audit coverage and assurance. There is also evidence that more independent audit committees are associated with the purchase of lower levels of non‐audit services from auditors, thereby seeking to preserve the independence of the external audit process. There seems a consensus that more independent audit committees and those with greater accounting/financial expertise have a positive impact on the quality of financial statements. Evidence on the stock market reaction to audit committee issues suggests that investors both welcome the presence of audit committees and react positively when members are appointed with relevant expertise. It is also found that internal auditors view certain audit committee characteristics, specifically independence, expertise and frequency of meetings, as leading to more effective audit committee performance. In summary, therefore, this review documents a significant amount of evidence offering support to current regulations concerning the desired characteristics of audit committees.     

中国证券市场审计任期与盈余质量关系的实证检验

安然事件以来,审计任期与盈余(经审计的)质量的关系成为了研究热点.本文运用中国证券市场1998-2004年上市公司的公开数据,同时从事务所任期与合伙人任期两大层面实证检验了审计任期与盈余质量之间的关系.实证结果显示:随着会计师事务所审计任期的增加,盈余质量显著地表现出先逐渐上升后逐渐下降的倒U型趋势,且拐点稳定在6-8年之间;而随着签字注册会计师审计任期的增加,盈余质量虽然总体逐渐上升,但此趋势尚不足够显著.     

Explaining the influence of time budget pressure on audit quality in Sweden

This paper is aimed at explaining how time budget pressure influences audit quality in the Swedish context. A hypothesis is deduced and tested through a survey sent to Swedish auditors. The Swedish context provides a special setting since audit firms and auditors have been facing new pressures due, for example, to the removal of statutory audits for a majority of the companies in Sweden. The findings show that time budget pressure lowers the quality of audits performed by Swedish auditors, but it is not the only explanation. Audit quality is also related to other factors such as gender, position, experience, number of clients, local office size and audit firm. Thus, the model is useful for explaining the factors influencing audit quality and could be used and expanded in future studies. The study also has practical implications showing that when trading-off between audit efforts and available resources and setting time budgets for each audit assignment, audit firms should also consider the personal characteristics of the auditors.     

技术创新审计及其应用

本文对技术创新审计的思想、概念、理论模型,以及审计工具的内容、审计准则、使用方法及应用结果和出现的问题进行概略的介绍;对在我国建立和应用技术创新审计的前景提出了自己的观点.     

Zum Einfluss der Mandatsdauer des Abschlusspr��fers auf die Pr��fungsqualit?t

This study provides evidence on the relation between auditor tenure and audit quality. It is motivated by calls for mandatory auditor rotation, which are based on concerns that longer auditor tenure reduces auditor independence and thus audit quality. Earnings management is used as proxy for audit quality and is measured by absolute and signed performance-adjusted-Jones-model discretionary accruals. Multivariate analyses, controlling for additional firm and auditor characteristics indicate lower earnings management with longer auditor tenure. This result suggests that, in the current environment, mandatory limitations on the length of auditor-client-relationship would result in lower audit quality.