探索征地制度改革几点思路

"十二五"时期,随着我国工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的同步快速推进,土地成为关键因素,征地拆迁不可避免,土地征收和房屋拆迁补偿安置关系群众切身利益,矛盾日益突出,难度、压力也会加大。同时,征地拆迁工作政策性强、涉及面广,不同群体利益分配关系复杂,社会敏感度和关注度高,紧密关系到经济发展和社会稳定。现行征地政策存在的弊端一是现行采取有限制条件的"先转后征"模式,征地审批程序复杂、时间跨度长,随着地方经济的快速发     

中国农村征地补偿安置模式的利弊分析及对越南的启示

随着越南经济的快速发展和城市化进程的不断推进,大量农户的土地被征用,与失地农民相关的问题不断涌现,如何选择有效的补偿安置模式是其中主要难题之一。笔者通过分析中国各种补偿安置模式的利弊,从而对越南创新征地补偿安置模式提供了重要的启示。     

资阳市国土资源局积极探索农房拆迁安置新模式

加快工业化和城镇化建设进程是农民失地的主要原因,按照科学发展观和构建和谐社会的总体要求,能否妥善解决好失地农民安置问题是摆在各级政府面前的头等大事。只有妥善解决好了征地拆迁、失地农民安置等问题,才能更好确保农村社会的稳定,才能为城镇建设发展提供用地服务保障。本文以简阳市为例,该市在强力推进十里坝工业集中区建设过程中,不断探索农房拆迁安置的新思路、新模式,取得了较好的效果。     

征地拆迁安置中的问题及对策

征地拆迁补偿安置是一项政策性强、涉及面广的系统工程,一旦某个环节出现差错或问题,将无法及时提供土地用于工程建设,本人意在把多年线性工程建设用地中实施征地拆迁补偿安置做法予以总结,供同仁探讨。一、目前征地拆迁补偿安置中存在的问题。一是勘测定界及地类的确定问题。按规定勘测定界工作(主要包括用地红线施放、界桩埋设、勘测村组权属     

征地拆迁安置协议的性质之分析

随着城市化进程的不断深入，征地拆迁安置过程中的法律问题也逐步显现出来。特别是在拆迁安置纠纷中，基层国土资源机关与被拆迁户达成的《征地拆迁安置协议》是行政合同还是民事合同，当事人之间观点各异，甚至司法机关对此也存在认识分歧。由于合同性质不同决定了法律救济途径的差异，所以必须正确判断《征地拆迁安置协议》的性质。而如何识别行政合同和民事合同，一直是行政法理论界和实务部门探讨的重点和热点问题，且至今没有形成成熟的研究成果。本文就此类问题进行如下粗浅分析。     

关于广州市新型社区治理模式创新发展的探讨

新型社区一方面是城市化发展的产物,另一方面又是城市化发展的洼地。新型社区既有传统农村社区的特征,又不断生长着城市社区的特征,在这样的社区构建和创新社区治理模式,需要有独特的角度和方式。首先采用文献法、经验总结法和抽象法,对新型社区相关范畴及国内外治理模式类型、国内城市社区治理实现模式等进行了分析梳理。然后在调查研究的基础上,分析指出了新型社区存在的认识问题和征地拆迁、社区管理服务、物业管理及文化建设四个现实问题。最后指出了广州市新型社区治理模式创新发展对策。     

蒲江县五项措施确保率先完成超期过渡695人安置任务

蒲江县自实施征地拆迁现房安置以来,在安置房的选址、外貌设计、户型结构上,充分尊重群众意愿,多方面、多角度广泛听取被征地农民的意见,共修建交通便利、规划布局合理、环境优美、公共服务设施配套完善的安置新居7个,建筑总面积达227453.76m~2,2008年至2010年己安置自愿选择现房安置的被征地拆迁农户     

当前城市征地拆迁存在的主要问题及对策

积极稳妥地推进城市化,提升城市发展质量和水平,是"十二五"期间的一项重要任务.而征地拆迁是城市化进程中一个不可回避的现实问题,也是当前城市发展建设的难点和社会普遍关注的焦点.新形势下如何有效地做好城市征地拆迁工作,积极稳妥地推进城市建设,是地方政府必须面对和亟待解决的一个重大课题.     

岳池县国土资源局积极处理好征地拆迁中的三个关系

岳池县国土资源局在城市基础设施建设、工业建设用地中共安置被征地人员2463人,兑付征地安置补偿经费近5000万元.该局在组织征地拆迁过程中,按照依法征地,实事求是,以人为本的拆迁安置补偿原则,妥善处理征地拆迁中的各种关系,为构建和谐社会起到积极作用.     

以法为准以人为本妥善做好征地拆迁维稳工作

随着城市化进程的加快，土地问题已成为城市发展过程中的关键因素。在城市建设发展过程中，与群众利益最紧密、矛盾最突出、难度最大的就是土地征收和房屋拆迁补偿以及安置善后处置。如何落实科学发展观，切实做好征地拆迁安置工作，是当前一个亟待解决的课题。本文以宜春例，探讨如何以法为准，以人为本妥善做好征地拆迁安置稳定工作。     

全面推进上海“城中村”改造土地政策研究

“城中村”作为城市化的一种特有现象,已逐渐演化为影响城市品质和居住品质的巨大障碍,同时制约着城市土地的集约利用水平的提高。在上海市城市化进程加速、人口日益膨胀、中心城区土地资源供应越来越少的背景下,“城中村”所贮存土地的战略重要性越加明显。上海可通过健全现有土地储备制度、完善土地出让办法、完善安置补偿政策、加大规划政策支持力度等举措,全面推进“城中村”改造。     

破解城市征地拆迂难题的对策

目前我国城市征地拆迁存在不少难题，包括安置房及配套建设滞后、补偿政策尚未完善、历史遗留问题突出、依法强制执行较难、工作机构不够健全等。要大力推广“先安置后拆迁”的和谐征迁工作法、制定合理补偿政策、解决历史遗留问题、创新征迁工作方法、健全征迁工作机制、发挥社会中介作用，努力破解城市征地拆迁难题。     

发展陷阱：城镇化建设何去何从？

中国历经30多年的高速经济增长,重返社会建设既是现实的需要,也是发展规律的内在要求。随着城乡社会的融合,村庄在消逝,城市人与农村人的权利心理在走向趋同。乡土社会经济正在消逝,取而代之的是城市社会的快速扩张,非农、非正规经济在农村土地上快速长成,而这一过程其实又是一次试错运动。推进中国的城市化,不是解除户籍和土地制度的束缚,而是依靠生产方式转变和农民收入提高,以及农村的土地经营模式的改变。城镇化道路的选择,关注重点应该是农村而不是城市,出路在于城市建设稳步推进以及其与农村社会经济发展之间的协调。     

城市化中理性土地征收模式的创新：“谋发展”与“保民生”——温州征地的经验和启示

城市化中非理性的土地征收行为,容易给城市建设的＂品质＂留下＂经济隐患＂和＂社会风险＂。温州城市建设中的土地征收模式,既有＂自下而上＂民众诉求＂抛砖＂的推动,又有＂自上而下＂政府主导＂引玉＂的改革,其典型特点是回应被征地群众的＂民生诉求＂问题,通过＂三分三改＂给予农民＂携土地资源用益物权＂入城的市民身份,并创造农民可以＂自由择业＂的＂宜农则农、宜商则商、宜工则工＂的经济环境,使得失地群众生活＂有依靠＂、工作＂有奔头＂。温州征地模式,既有其成功的独特性,又有可以推广的普遍性,科学总结温州城市化建设中土地征收的成功经验,对于指导城市化建设中土地征收和谐化有着重要的理论与实践意义。     

Biodiversity conservation implications of landscape change in an urbanizing desert of Southwestern Peru

Internal migration from the Peruvian highlands and rural areas has burdened urban areas with rapid growth. Urban expansion is threatening the desert habitat and unique vegetation communities surrounding Arequipa, one of Peru's largest cities. A 511 ha tract contiguous to the city of Arequipa has been informally designated an ecological park. Analysis of Landsat satellite imagery over a 16-year interval indicates that urban expansion is occurring in the direction of the park. The land use/land cover change analysis revealed other landscape patterns and processes, such as agricultural expansion, which are relevant to the study area. These dynamics, plus principles of landscape ecology, suggest that the park's size and shape may not be the most suitable. Conservation alternatives include the expansion of the park, the spatial connection to another nature reserve, or the design of co-management strategies. Given local historical events and the paucity of regional conservation efforts, social actors in Arequipa and in national governmental institutions will need to find practical ways to collaborate.     

上海建设全球宜居城市研究

针对城市发展出现的4个重大变因,即人口持续增加、污染排放增加、资源短缺加剧和全球气候变化,为优化和改善上海的城市生态、生活环境,提升城市的宜居水平,应从调结构、控规模、谋布局三大战略思路出发,实现城市大数据全覆盖,提供城市安全保障;分散城市核心功能,降低城市生活成本;优化城市用地布局,提升城市生态品质.     

How small cities affect the biodiversity of ground-dwelling mammals and the relevance of this knowledge in planning urban land expansion in terms of urban wildlife

Fundamental principles regarding urban biodiversity are based on studies conducted in large cities. However we cannot know whether the same phenomena occur in smaller cities or how small cities affect biodiversity. Small cities are an inherent element of urbanization and in the future, most global urban growth is expected to take place in small and medium-sized cities. Understanding the effects of small cities on biodiversity will be an important aspect in planning urban land expansion. Our study examined the effects of a small city on communities of small ground-dwelling mammals on 41 sites arranged in a four step gradient of urbanization. In 6700 trap-days, we caught 2333 individuals comprising 15 species. In the downtown area the same phenomena as those described for large cities were observed: a reduction in species richness and diversity, a decline in the abundance of urban sensitive species and an increase in synurbic species. However, in contrast to large city studies, green areas outside the downtown area did not differ from rural sites in small mammal population parameters. This phenomenon of relatively unchanged fauna outside the downtown area shows that small cities have the potential to maintain a high level of diversity of small ground-dwelling mammals if appropriate planning of further building expansion is implemented. More studies of small cities are needed to better assess their impact on biodiversity. This knowledge can then be applied in better planning for urban wildlife. Generalizations based solely on large city studies are inadequate and may lead to incomplete or inappropriate conservation strategies for small cities.     

广州海上丝路与世界文化名城的建设

广州作为国家历史文化名城、千年不衰港市,其兴起、发展与海上丝绸之路的兴盛历史有不解之缘。海上丝绸之路不仅深刻影响到广州商都形态、用地扩张方向和文化景观,更造就了广州文化的特质和风格。认识这两者的关系,对广州世界文化名城建设和发展有重要意义。     

Towards a theory of the American rural residential land market

Since the late 1960s there has been a notable acceleration in America in the demand for rural residential land within commuting range of urban and suburban employment and service opportunities. American rural residential households do not seem to purchase acreage tracts primarily for their ‘productive’, or resource value, however. Instead, they purchase rural land for its ‘consumptive’ or residential value, as its value is primarily derived from the bundle of residential attributes associated with it. Over time, rural land within commuting range of metropolitan areas becomes underproductive and idled — a situation which precedes urban sprawl. Rural residential development has thus become a focus of debate on the effects and inefficiencies associated with urban sprawl. Yet, not enough is known about the nature of the rural residential land market. It is argued that American rural residential households are different from their suburban and urban counterparts for at least three reasons. First, they are distinguishable for their pursuit of self-sufficiency, self-expression, and the cultural status that a rural residential lifestyle offers. Second, they seek low cost rural jurisdictions in order to afford more housing and land than they could afford in higher cost urban and suburban locations. Third, they value distance from the city center colinearly with externalities such as pollution, crime, overcrowding, and noise associated with central city areas. In the latter sense, American rural residential households value land more highly the farther away it is from the city center, but discount land value the farther away it is from the boundary of urban development. In light of these considerations, this paper (a) reviews the literature describing the motivations of American rural residential households, (b) poses a theory of the American rural residential land market, (c) applies the theory to a case study, and (d) offers implications of the theory to planning efforts aimed at preserving resource land and containing urban sprawl.     

城区交通拥堵的合作治理研究：以天津市为例

随着社会经济的不断发展，城区交通拥挤已成为一个普遍性问题。机动车快速增加、道路建设滞后、城市规划不合理、交通管理水平落后，造成的日益严重的交通拥堵影响了市民出行，也制约了城市治理及其经济发展。借鉴域内外先进经验，不断加强市政路网建设、完善公共交通，合理规划城市建设、公民文明交通意识建设，可以逐渐缓解城市拥堵问题。