“公积金”如何对接“保障房”

由住房与城乡建设部等七部门在今年10月联合发布《关于利用住房公积金贷款支持保障性住房建设试点工作的实施意见》,公积金和保障房由此实现对接。业内人士认为,这一政策的出台将提高公积金的使用效率,拓宽保障性住房的融资渠道。     

保障性住房建设是满足广大人民住房需求的长期工程

清理闲置用地“保”，用地“改邪归正”。要依法加快处置闲置房地产用地，对收回的闲置土地，要优先安排用于普通住房建设。这里就包括保障房用地。建议对囤地炒地、私改规划、配建保障性房和承担公益性设施建设被搁置等违规行为，一律没收土地，由政府主导建设保障房。与此同时，吸纳民众参与保障房建设特别是土地供应的跟踪监督上，发现问题，及时反映，马上应对，以保证用土供应不拖保障房建设的后胀。     

小城镇建设的资金困境与出路——以浙江省小城市培育试点镇为例

在小城镇建设过程中,由于历史欠账较多,城市建设资金匮乏是一个非常普遍的问题。本文以浙江省小城市培育试点镇为例,重点分析试点镇的建设资金来源和资金用途,资金匮乏的主要原因是城市建设资金来源的单一性和投资需求过大。解决试点镇城市建设的资金问题必须坚持"开源节流",不仅要拓宽融资渠道,而且更要注重城市建设资金的利用效率,降低城市建设的费效比,避免城市建设过热,让小城市建设回归理性。     

对“十二五”保障房建设规划中几个重要问题的评析

"十二五"期间建设3600万套保障房的规划提出之后,社会各界围绕这个规划提出多方面的质疑与热评。一段时间之后,这些质疑与热评以及政府对3600万套保障房的宣传力度冷却了下来。冷却并不意味着问题的终结,而是仍然需要认真研究并尽可能及时调整。归纳起来这些质疑主要有:其一,该规划会不会是"保障房大跃进"?其二,该规划能否实现,资金、土地、建设能力等制约如     

天津市公共租赁住房REITs融资模式的应用可行性研究

作为我国保障性住房体系的重要补充,公租房为解决中低收入者住房需求问题提供了一条重要途径.规模大、 周期长、 资金回流慢是公租房建设过程中应该首先考虑的问题,仅仅依靠政府财政投入,难以保证住房建设的可持续性.在经济新常态下,公租房建设融资问题成为各方关注的焦点问题,而REITs融资模式是解决房屋建设资金筹集困难的最佳选择.笔者对天津市公租房推行REITs融资模式进行可行性分析.基于SWOT方法分析天津市公租房推行REITs融资模式的优势、 劣势以及面临的机遇和挑战,证明REITs融资模式将对目前居高不下的房价、 资金短缺等问题起到一定的缓解作用.为确保公租房REITs融资模式在天津市的可持续营运提出对策建议.     

天津市公共租赁住房规划初探

一、“公共租赁住房”的由来(一)商品房价超出人们的购买能力改革开放以来,我国政府为缩短与发达国家的差距,一直致力于促进经济增长和推进城市化进程.城市基础设施建设需要大量资金,然而改革开放初期政府财政难以支撑大规模发展的需要.为解决这一问题,20世纪80年代初期一些城市独辟蹊径,采用“经营城市”手段解决资金问题,城市建设得以迅猛发展,城市的经济增长在全国遥遥领先,城市面貌焕然一新.     

地方政府投融资平台机制创新

创新我国地方政府投融资平台机制，增加其内在发展能力，应着重以下几方面：创新信贷融资模式，增强对重大项目的支持力度；创新股票融资机制，提升直接融资规模和比重；创新债券融资机制，扩大债券融资规模；运用新型融资工具；创新引入社会资本；创新票据融资机制，降低企业融资成本；加快国资证券化资本化，拓展国资融资渠道；创新项目融资机制，拓展基础设施资金来源。     

市政债券匹配城镇化建设资金需求的理论分析

城镇基础设施和公共服务等社会公共品理应由地方政府提供,地方政府需要为此筹措长期建设资金。市政债券与城镇化建设相关投资相契合,在城镇化建设融资中具有良好的适应能力,能够在融资安排和风险防范上有所作为,在城镇化发展过程中担当融资主体。并且市政债券能很好地匹配、适应和耦合城镇基础设施建设资金需求的特点,避免其他融资方式或融资工具可能存在的期限错配。市政债券是适合城镇化建设融资、有助于建立多元化的城镇化建设融资体系与可持续的城镇化建设融资机制,从而积极稳妥地推进城镇化的有效融资工具。     

李克强:推进保障房建设 完善住房政策和供应体系

中共中央政治局常委、国务院副总理李克强近日在河北省廊坊市召开保障房建设现场座谈会并讲话。他指出,要继续扎实推进保障性安居工程建设,把好质量安全关、公平分配关,更好地发挥保障房建设惠民生、稳房价、扩内需、促发展的多重作用。李克强说,2011年是我国保障性安居工程开工量最大的一年,经过各方面共同努力,克服困难,实现了新开工建设1000万套保障性住房的目标,为"十二五"保障房建设开了一     

关于补充住房公积金使用的研究

天津的住房公积金制度是从1992年以后逐步建立的，住房公积金制度实际上是一种住房保障制度，建立住房公积金的主要目的在于通过城镇所有机关和企事业单位及其在职职工每月缴存一定数量的住房公积金，建立起解决职工住房问题的住房建设基金，使每一个职工都能住上自己比较满意的住房。建立职工住房公积金制度，为职工较好、较快地解决住房问题提供了保障。     

The rise (and fall?) of a state land bank

Land markets in most poor cities do not work very effectively and contribute to making social housing unaffordable. One once popular response was to set up a public land bank. In truth, few such banks were terribly successful and, with the onset of neo-liberalism, the approach fell out of fashion. However, one government recently established a state land bank in an attempt to slow the growth of illegal settlement and to improve housing conditions for the poor. Bogotá's efforts have had some measure of success although the agency could never achieve the ambitious goals set for it. The paper describes the different approaches of the agency over the last decade, the problems that it has faced and what it has managed to achieve. Today, the agency no longer buys land and prefers to work in association with private landowners; in effect, Bogotá no longer has a state land bank. However, what it does have is an interesting set of tools with which to confront land speculation and to discourage owners from holding on to serviced land. Whether this set of tools will be able to confront the perennial problem of providing land for affordable social housing remains to be seen. Nevertheless, Bogotá provides many lessons for governments in poorer cities about how and why they should take measures to improve the working of the land market.     

我国地方政府性债务及其风险防范

加强地方债务风险的控制和管理是确保当前我国经济"稳中有进"方针的重要举措,要正确看待我国地方政府性债务存在的问题,通过分析其产生的原因,借鉴发达国家防范地方债务风险的经验和美国底特律市政府破产的教训,进一步完善针对地方政府融资行为的约束机制,引导地方政府合理控制债务规模。具体做法是:继续规范和清理地方融资平台;建立科学合理的地方政府性债务管理模式;充分利用民间资本缓解地方政府债务压力;建立地方干部问责制;加快财税体制改革。     

从农民工进城住房入手改革户籍制度

现阶段城市户籍实际代表了三项公共服务:以城市最低生活保障为主的社会救助服务,以经济适用房和廉租房实物或租金补贴为主的政府补贴性住房安排,以及迁移人口子女在城市公立学校平等就学的机会。户籍制度改革的关键,就在于如何通过有效的政策改革方案,为外来人口提供可支付的住房,以及为其子女教育建立有效的融资机制,从而使外来务工人员主要是农民工可以在城市定居下来。土地制度改革可以作为突破口,通过城中村政府和村民有效的公私合作,充分利用市场机制为外来人口提供可支付住房,辅以相关财税体制改革,同时可以有效解决外来务工人员子女的教育问题。在通过土地制度改革和相关财税体制改革有效解决了外来人口住房问题和子女教育问题后,户籍制度改革也就完成了实质性突破。     

国家资产负债表研究成果及其应用

我国实施财税和预算改革须探讨其与政府资产负债表的关系。我国的财政预算必须实现＂窄口径＂向＂全口径＂的转变,并能够同时反映流量和存量数据、揭示中长期风险和隐性风险。我国中央政府和地方政府资产负债表的存量数据,揭示了社保、医疗、环境治理、地方债和铁路债带来的中长期财政压力。对较为紧迫的地方债务和或有债务问题,我国需建立以地方债为主的地方融资体系,通过编制地方政府资产负债表来披露地方债务规模和担保数量。上海可以率先尝试发行地方债和编制地方政府资产负债表。     

加快上海公共租赁住房发展研究

公共租赁住房面向的是新就业职工群体,属于政策支持的租赁住房,是一种过渡周转性住房。通过发展公共租赁住房,上海将形成一个由廉租房、经济适用房、公共租赁住房三者共同构成的多层次住房保障体系。上海发展公共租赁住房要坚持政府主导、市场运作等基本原则,以及明确准入标准等基本思路,近期可采取加快相关制度建设、开展先行试点、搭建信息平台等具体措施。     

Affordable housing in Pakistan

This paper demonstrates how the design of standards, pricing and finance must be integrated if affordable housing is to be achieved in a sustainable and replicable way. The paper does this by identifying basic principles in achieving affordability and applying these principles through a simple, computer-based integrated-design model to a ‘model’ housing project in Pakistan. In most instances, where there is not a development grant or forgivable loan, affordability must be combined with cost-recovery if projects are to be sustainable and replicable. Keys to such projects are the use of market prices, incremental construction using sweat equity, efficient and affordable standards, differential pricing, and financing using market interest rates but with affordable down payments and repayment rates. The paper demonstrates that the ‘model’ project in Pakistan, as designed, is not affordable. Through examining several alternative designs using different land-use standards, pricing and financing systems, the paper shows what needs to be done to make such projects affordable. In doing so, it illustrates how affordability, standards, pricing, finance, and cost-recovery can be integrated in the design process. While applied to Pakistan, the relevance to Canada of this integrated-interactive design process is explored.     

保障房市场与商品房市场关系研究

保障房和商品房在本质上是差异化产品,两者在对应的需求层次、房屋的品质、价格、供给和渠道等方面都存在着巨大的差别。自我国房地产市场化以来,商品房就始终处于市场独大的局面,但随着近年来我国政府加大了对楼市的调控、加快了保障房建设的步伐,房地产市场已朝着保障房市场和商品房市场并重的＂双轨制＂迈进。然而,保障房的大规模兴建和投放市场会对商品房市场乃至整个中国楼市产生什么影响,以及保障房供给体系在运行与管理过程中存在什么问题,目前尚不确定。为此,有必要对其深入分析并寻找对策。     

The private sector in Malaysian construction

Since the introduction of the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1970, the rapid rate of urbanisation has meant an accelerated growth in the demand for housing. Housing needs have been identified under successive Malaysian Plans as a major social objective, where the overall goal is to ensure that all Malaysians have access to adequate housing.The responsibility for the low-income housing programme rests with the Ministry of Housing and Local Government, who have been unable to keep to housing targets set by successive Malaysian Plans. By 1985, the end of the fourth Malaysian Plan period, the overall shortfall was 56%.Today the private sector dominates the construction scene. Due to the lack of government enthusiasm for solving housing shortages and lack of funds, the private sector is increasingly encouraged by the government to build extensive areas of suburbia in and around the largest cities. In the fifth Malaysian Plan (1986–1990), the private sector is expected to supply 80% of the housing provision.The aim of this paper is: (1) to analyse the composition and structure of the private sector; (2) to discuss the current production process and government action to encourage private speculative construction; and (3) to analyse the performance of the private sector to date in fulfilling the housing targets.     

Social housing estates and sustainable community development in South Korea

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics and problems of social housing estates in South Korea, and to explore sustainable community development issues. In order to examine the social housing situation, a survey of the three social housing communities in Seoul was conducted. The survey evidence demonstrates that there is a growing stigma against the poor and social exclusion. This kind of social bias is likely to escalate the construction of social housing estates, which the poor concentrates in. Residents recognized that mixing public and private housing would be an issue and problematic. Public housing was thought to have a negative impact on the neighborhood. It is important to examine why these kinds of social problems arise. Applying the concept of social sustainability to low-income communities in urban Korea requires mobilizing residents and their governments to strengthen all forms of community capital.