心理授权与工作嵌入视角下的变革型领导对下属组织公民行为的影响研究

通过对华北三家制造企业的418位下属及其直接主管的问卷调查,检验了员工心理授权在变革型领导与其组织公民行为之间的中介效应,以及工作嵌入在心理授权对组织公民行为影响中的调节作用。研究结果显示,变革型领导对心理授权和组织公民行为具有正向影响;下属的心理授权完全中介了变革型领导与组织公民行为之间的关系;工作嵌入调节了心理授权对员工组织公民行为的影响。具体而言,工作嵌入程度低时,下属的心理授权对组织公民行为的影响作用较强;工作嵌入程度高时,下属的心理授权对组织公民行为的影响较弱。此外,指出了研究结论的理论与实践意义。     

变革型领导对员工创造力的作用机理研究

以内在动机理论为基础,探讨变革型领导行为对下属创造力产生影响的作用机理,即变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出的假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义. 通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持作用于员工创造力,采用结构方程模型分析变革型领导、心理授权、组织对创造力的支持与员工创造力之间的关系,采用问卷调查方法进行研究.结果发现,心理授权对变革型领导和组织对创造力的支持产生中介作用,但对员工的创造力并无显著影响,说明在中国情境下,授权并不能使员工积极放心地从事创造性工作,因此在实践中领导对员工授权需谨慎;变革型领导通过心理授权和组织对创造力的支持对员工的创造力产生正向作用,验证了提出 假设,使变革型领导影响员工创造力的过程具体化和清晰化,对实践具有较强的指导意义.     

变革型领导与下属工作绩效及组织承诺:心理资本的中介作用

探讨变革型领导影响下属的深层心理作用机制,即变革型领导是否会通过下属心理资本的中介作用对下属工作绩效和组织承诺产生影响。以230位MBA学员为样本,采用结构方程模型的方法分析了变革型领导行为、下属工作绩效、组织承诺以及下属心理资本各维度间的关系。研究结果表明,下属心理资本中的自我效能、希望和恢复力对变革型领导行为与下属工作绩效的关系起到中介作用;下属心理资本中的自我效能和恢复力对变革型领导行为与下属组织承诺的关系起到中介作用。     

变革型领导、心理资本对员工工作绩效的影响研究

通过对华南地区2家企业的202对直接领导和下属的问卷调查,分别考察了员工的心理资本和传统性在变革型领导与员工工作绩效间的中介作用和调节作用.研究结果表明,变革型领导对员工的心理资本有显著影响;员工的心理资本在变革型领导与员工的任务绩效和组织公民行为间起到完全中介作用;员工的传统性在变革型领导对心理资本产生影响时起到调节作用,即员工在传统性上得分越高,变革型领导对他们的心理资本的影响越大.     

团队心理授权、组织公民行为与团队绩效的关系

本文旨在探讨团队心理授权对团队绩效产生影响的作用机制,即团队心理授权是否会通过团队水平组织公民行为的中介作用对团队绩效产生影响.采用多元回归和结构方程建模分析了团队心理授权、团队水平组织公民行为以及团队绩效之间的关系,研究样本自于32家企业的156个工作团队的568名员工.结果表明:团队心理授权对团队水平组织公民行为、团队绩效有正向影响;团队水平组织公民行为在团队心理授权与团队主动性之间具有完全中介作用,在团队心理授权与团队工作绩效之间具有部分中介作用.     

变革型领导如何影响下属的组织公民行为——授权行为与心理授权的作用

授权可以分为授权行为和心理授权。本文中，我们认为授权行为是心理授权的前因变量，对心理授权产生影响。以往学者在研究授权时，注重心理授权产生的结果，而没有考虑领导的授权行为对心理授权和组织公民行为的作用。因此，我们提出了变革型领导通过授权行为，使下属产生心理授权，进而影响下属组织公民行为的模型，并对此进行实证研究。数据的分析结果支持了提出的假设。     

变革型领导与创新行为：一个被调节的中介作用模型

以认知机制和内在动机理论为基础,探究在科研团队中变革型领导对下属成员创新行为的影响及其内在作用机制。采用问卷调查方法,对中国科学院所属学部内科研团队中的领导者及其直属下属进行调研。由下属完成员工问卷(包括变革型领导、心理授权、工作复杂性),领导者对其下属的创新行为进行评价,共获得79名领导者和237名科研人员的配对数据,采用Mplus软件进行统计分析。研究结果表明,在科研团队中,变革型领导对其下属的创新行为有显著正向影响;下属的心理授权在变革型领导和下属创新行为间起中介作用;下属所从事工作的复杂性对变革型领导→心理授权→下属创新行为这一中介作用有正向调节作用,即工作复杂性较高时,变革型领导通过心理授权影响下属创新行为的正向中介作用显著,而工作复杂性较低时该中介作用不显著。     

工作环境的激励作用:知识型员工中的初步研究

本文以知识型员工作为研究对象,采用实证研究的方法探讨了工作环境特征对员工的激励作用,即工作环境对员工的心理授权和组织公民行为的影响作用.在高科技组织282名知识型员工的样本中研究表明,工作环境中的成就与成长维度对员工的心理授权组织公民行为均具有积极的影响作用,工作意义维度与员工的心理授权之间具有正向关系,社会支持维度对员工的组织公民行为有正向影响作用.     

领导者自恋人格特质对员工组织公民行为的双重影响

领导者自恋人格特质具有正负二元维度,对员工的组织公民行为也存在着双重影响,任性、自利的负面维度能够削弱组织公民行为,自主、魅力的正面维度则能强化组织公民行为。情感事件理论和社会认知理论解释了心理授权在二者关系中的正向调节作用,而主动性人格在自恋型领导通过心理授权影响员工组织公民行为过程中起负向调节作用。基于此,应辩证地评价自恋型领导,通过强化积极作用、削弱消极作用的方式发挥自恋型领导的有效性,并对员工实施强化心理授权和差异化管理策略,提升其组织公民行为。     

授权型领导对员工服务导向行为的影响:差序氛围的调节作用

理论界指出,授权型领导是一种能动的领导类型,对组织和员工等层面都有积极作用。对泉州、厦门、上海三地高星级酒店调研结果表明:授权型领导对员工心理所有权具有显著的正向影响,员工心理所有权对其服务导向行为具有正向的影响作用,员工心理所有权在授权型领导与员工服务导向行为之间起到部分中介作用。员工的心理所有权是授权型领导影响员工服务导向行为的重要内部机制,组织内部的差序氛围在授权型领导与员工心理所有权中的调节效应不显著。     

Empowerment and creativity: A cross-level investigation

Drawing upon social learning and self-determination theories, we hypothesized and tested a chain mediating process linking empowerment to employee creativity. Based on data from 385 employees working with 104 supervisors in multiple organizations in China, we conducted cross-level path analyses and found that (1) structural empowerment partially mediated the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological empowerment, (2) psychological empowerment fully mediated the relationship between structural empowerment and creativity, and (3) structural and psychological empowerment sequentially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and creativity. This study integrated different perspectives of empowerment and provides important insights into the mechanisms linking empowerment with creativity.     

The mediating effect of organizational commitment and employee empowerment: how transformational leadership impacts employee knowledge sharing intention

This study examined the underlying process through which transformational leaders provide an influence on employees’ knowledge sharing intention by concentrating on mediating roles of psychological empowerment and employees’ commitment to organizations. The direct and indirect impacts of transformational leadership on knowledge sharing were explored. In order to test the proposed hypotheses, structural equation modelling analysis was conducted with a sample of 426 full-time employees in South Korea. The results of this study showed a significant direct effect of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment and organizational commitment, which in turn had a significant influence on employees’ knowledge sharing intention. Transformational leadership had only an indirect effect on knowledge sharing intention among employees. These results bring out the importance of mediating roles of employee’s attitudes, especially organizational commitment, for promoting knowledge sharing intention among employees.     

A missing link: psychological ownership as a mediator between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behaviour

Interest in psychological ownership (PO) has increased due to its influence on employees’ attitudes and behaviours. This study focuses on PO as a mediator between transformational leadership (TL) and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) in the Korean public sector, which does not have employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs). With a total of 214 cases from the Korean public sector, structural equation modelling (SEM) analysis was conducted, and chi-square difference-based model comparison was performed to examine the mediating effect. Results indicated statistically significant relationships between TL and employees’ PO and between employees’ PO and their OCB. A statistically significant full mediating role of PO between TL and OCB in the Korean public sector context was found.     

Transformational leadership and work engagement: Exploring the mediating role of structural empowerment

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating role of structural empowerment in the positive relationship between transformational leadership and work engagement. Based on self-reported questionnaires from 240 employees working in the tourism sector in Galicia (northwest of Spain), the findings reveal that the linkage between transformational leadership and work engagement is partially mediated by structural empowerment. These results imply that transformational leaders foster work engagement by enabling access to information, opportunities, support and adequate resources. This empirical study is one of the first to examine the role of structural empowerment as a mediator between transformational leadership and work engagement and may serve as a reference for promoting work engagement in service organizations. A number of contributions and practical implications are discussed.     

变革型领导行为对员工建言行为的影响研究

主要研究变革型领导行为对员工建言行为的影响及其中介作用机制。在中介作用机制的探讨上,主要从心理认知和社会交换的理论视角出发,侧重于分析心理安全知觉和领导部属交换的中介作用。研究采用问卷调查研究的方法,研究对象是广州5家高科技电子制造企业中的213名员工及其对应的213名领导。通过数据分析发现:变革型领导行为对员工建言行为有显著的正向影响,领导部属交换与心理安全知觉在其中起着完全中介的作用。     

To whom does transformational leadership matter more? An examination of neurotic and introverted followers and their organizational citizenship behavior

Despite the massive amount of transformational leadership research, the role of followers has not been well-examined in the transformational leadership literature. To understand how leader–follower interactions influence follower organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), we examined the cross-level interactions between transformational leadership and two follower personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion). Using a sample of 215 leaders and 1284 followers, results showed that follower neuroticism moderated the relationships between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior directed toward other individuals (OCB-I) and toward the organization (OCB-O), such that relationships were stronger for those high in neuroticism. Further, follower extraversion moderated the relationships between transformational leadership and OCB-I and OCB-O, such that relationships were stronger for those low in extraversion. Therefore, the inspirational and developmental nature of transformational leaders can offset follower neuroticism and introversion and guide these employees to perform more OCB despite their tendencies to worry, lack confidence, and be shy and withdrawn.     

All I want for Christmas is recovery – changes in employee affective well-being before and after vacation

Abstract

Transformational leaders employ a visionary and creative style of leadership that inspires employees to make independent decisions and develop in their work. There is some evidence that the transformational (inspirational) leadership style is linked to employee burnout and stress. However, little research has focused on the psychological mechanisms that could explain this link, nor has there been a focus on positive affective well-being. We propose that transformational leaders influence their followers' self-efficacy, thereby affecting affective well-being in followers. This study extends previous work by examining the direct link between leadership and well-being both cross-sectionally (N=447) and longitudinally (N=188), and testing the mediating effects of self-efficacy. The study was carried out within parts of an elderly care department in a Danish local government. A theory-driven model of the relationships between leadership, self-efficacy and affective well-being was tested using Structural Equation Modelling. The results indicated that followers' self-ratings of self-efficacy mediated the relationship between transformational leadership style and positive affective well-being. Only limited evidence for a direct path between leadership behaviour and positive affective well-being was found. These findings have implications for how organizations may promote employee well-being, through interventions directed at supporting transformational leadership behaviours.     

The depleted leader: The influence of leaders' diminished psychological resources on leadership behaviors

While much is understood about the outcomes of different leadership styles, less is known about the antecedents of leadership, particularly with regards to how leaders' own psychological well-being impacts leadership behaviors. Using conservation of resources theory as a framework, we investigated the relationship between leaders' depleted resources and their leadership behaviors. Conceptualizing depressive symptoms, anxiety, and workplace alcohol consumption as resource depletion, we predicted that depletion would be associated with lower levels of transformational leadership, and higher levels of abusive supervision, and when taken together, would further exacerbate these effects on leadership behaviors. In a study of 172 leader–subordinate pairs, leaders' depressive symptoms, anxiety, and workplace alcohol consumption separately predicted lower transformational leadership, and higher abusive supervision. Furthermore, partial support was found for an exacerbating effect on transformational leadership and abusive supervision.     

The effects of leadership style on stress outcomes

The present study manipulated transformational and transactional leadership styles to examine their influence on individuals' performance on a stressful task, and on perceived social support, self-efficacy beliefs, emotions, and stressor appraisals. In addition, this study examined whether these variables mediated the relationship between leadership style and performance. Two hundred fourteen participants viewed video instructions for a stressful task presented by an actor depicting one of three leadership styles (transformational, transactional-contingent reward, and transactional-management by exception). Participants' psychological, emotional, and motivational responses to the videos were assessed prior to their engagement with the task. The transformational leadership condition was associated with enhanced task performance, higher social support perceptions, greater efficacy beliefs, lower negative affect, and lower threat appraisals compared to the transactional conditions. Causal modeling revealed that leadership style had a direct, rather than indirect, effect on task performance. The present research extends leadership research by providing an experimental evaluation of the costs/benefits of transformational and transactional leadership under stressful task conditions. Some of the results parallel those from correlational field studies, thus corroborating transformational leadership theory while other results diverge from theory, but present opportunities for future research.