阴雨天，家电每天开一会儿

正阴雨天家电易引发火灾,有几点原因:1.潮湿环境下,户外高压线、变压器、变电箱等电力设施容易发生打火现象;一些暴露在室外的线路磨损、老化后,长时间被雨水侵蚀,易发生短路打火。2.空气潮湿时,电器(尤其是老旧电器)内部的灰尘、杂质因潮湿而变成导电体通电后,浸湿的灰尘、杂质极易被电流击穿,引起燃烧。     

车载空调半年换次芯

正车载空调的滤芯就像人的肺,能过滤空气中肉眼看不见的细小微粒,比如灰尘、粉尘等,吸附空气中有害物质、水分和异味,从而让空气干净,保证司乘人员的健康。当过滤时间长了,空调滤芯中积累的污染物变多,过滤功能就会变差,甚至会起到反效果。有时候我们常感觉到空调的风不那么     

春天，一个“敏感”的季节：春季过敏六大病状

春天，皮肤的新陈代谢逐渐加快，皮肤和汗液的分泌越来越旺盛。同时，空气中的花粉、灰尘和细菌会给皮肤带来不利影响。那么，春季皮肤过敏有哪些症状，我们需要采取哪些措施，敬请关注本刊特别策划：     

大气污染对档案的影响与对策

通过对空气中有害气体和灰尘对档案制成材料破坏作用的分析,对作者所在市区大气污染情况的调查分析,探讨了在目前大气污染环境下,如何采取应对措施,改善档案保护条件,最大限度地延长档案寿命。     

家里的灰为什么擦不净

正明明天天扫地、擦桌子,但没过多久家里又是一层灰,灰尘都是从哪里跑来的呢?家中大约1/3的灰尘是室内产生的,包括人或动物脱落的皮肤细胞,食物残渣,从地毯、床单、衣服等织物上脱落的纤维微粒,吸烟和烹饪产生的颗粒物等;另外2/3的灰尘来自室外,如鞋子上沾的污垢,从门窗"溜进来"的尘土等。生活在满是灰尘的房间里,会对健康产生很大危害。要减少室内的灰尘,可以采取以下方法:减少家中的织物;有宠物的家庭要特别注意卫     

真空压缩袋的选购技巧大全

<正>春天到了,看着一大柜子的棉被棉衣发愁,放哪儿去呢?想来想去没有合适的地方安置这些占空间的大家伙。这时候真空压缩袋就帮上大忙了!防霉防潮,不进灰尘和细菌,能压缩三分之二的空间,一个大棉被就成一块"饼干"了。可是选购是有技巧的,看着淘宝上众多品牌,价格都不一样的产品,应该买哪个呢?1、什么是真空压缩袋:顾名思义,就是抽走空气让大气压自然造成压缩的一种袋子。简单点说,真空压缩袋的工作原理是把棉被衣物内部的空气抽走从而使体积缩小。     

东风日产蓝鸟轿车发动机动力不足故障的排除

一辆东风日产蓝鸟轿车进厂维修,该车使用L型(热线式空气流量传感器)电控汽油喷射发动机,车主反映该车动力不足,加速无力,在其他修理厂修了几次,先后更换了汽油滤清器、空气滤清器、火花塞等零件,清洗过燃油箱和节气门体,但问题一直都没得到有效的解决.听完车主反映的问题后,笔者接过车后进行了路试,确实像车主反映的那样加速慢、发动机动力不足.     

4种情况勿戴隐形眼镜

1.骑车戴隐形眼镜会使镜片变硬 骑车行驶时,周围空气对流的速度会明显加快,使隐形眼镜里所含的水分急剧减少,镜片逐渐干燥、变硬,时间一长,变硬的眼镜薄片极有可能损伤角膜上皮组织,引起眼部疼痛、瘙痒、红肿甚至发炎.同时,骑车时灰尘等异物更容易进入眼睛,造成眼部不适,甚至感染.     

频频洗眼对眼有害

干燥的春季,一些戴眼镜和隐形眼镜的人经常感到眼睛干涩难受,因而频频使用洗眼液洗眼。有关专家提醒:过度依赖和使用洗眼液对眼晴并没多大好处,甚至还可能产生依赖,降低眼泪的消毒功能。人的眼睛每天都暴露在空气中,灰尘、杂质和细菌病毒的侵染不可避免,长时间戴隐形眼镜也会造成眼内分泌物增多,给     

沙尘暴——无处不在的影响

在西非酷热的六月,站在塞内加尔河岸上,向东方眺望,你可能会看到一片血红的尘雾在天际涌动,铺天盖地,将大地笼罩在一片暗红色的黑暗之中。空气中弥漫着沙尘,即使进入房间也无济于事——漫天的尘埃很快就穿过窗户及墙的缝隙。到处都是一层薄薄的红色灰尘,房间就象煤矿     

Women and War: Militarism, Bodies, and the Practice of Gender

Women around the world, in various geographic spaces, social and cultural contexts, as partners, wives, sisters, daughters, mothers, mourners, and victims experience war. Women's experience of war and their participation in it, either as actors or resistors, victims or perpetrators ( Moser and Clark 2001 ), cheerleaders or critics, are always influenced by the construction of gender operating in and around their lives. While constructions of masculinity and femininity are always circulating in and around militarism and war, women's bodies are sometimes primary considerations for military and state leaders; this creates a visibility/invisibility/hyper-visibility problem for women in wartime. In this essay, women's participation in war as soldiers, refugees, prisoners, jailers, activists, and suicide bombers and the accompanying shift in the practice of femininity and masculinity is explored.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Susan Ehrlich, Representing Rape: Language and Sexual Consent
Deborah Cameron, Working with Spoken Discourse
Stefan Titscher, Michael Meyer, Ruth Wodak and Eva Vetter, Methods of Text and Discourse Analysis
Linda A. Wood and Rolf O. Kroger, Doing Discourse Analysis: Methods for Studying Action in Talk and Text
Srikant Sarangi and Celia Roberts (eds.), Talk, Work and Institutional Order: Discourse in Medical, Mediation and Management Settings
Ulrich Ammon (ed.), The Dominance of English as a Language of Science: Effects on Other Languages and Language Communities
Alexandra Jaffe, Ideologies in Action: Language Politics on Corsica
Niloofar Haeri, The Sociolinguistic Market of Cairo: Gender, Class and Education
Anita Y. K. Poon, Medium of Instruction in Hong Kong: Policy and Practice
Tariq Rahman, Language, Education and Culture
Dariusz Galasinski, The Language of Deception: A Discourse Analytical Study
Clifford Hill and Eric Larsen, Children and Reading Tests
Fern L. Johnson, Speaking Culturally: Language Diversity in the United States
Lucy Burke, Tony Crowley and Alan Girvin (eds.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader     

Everyday politics,social practices and movement networks: daily life in Barcelona's social centres

The relations between everyday life and political participation are of interest for much contemporary social science. Yet studies of social movement protest still pay disproportionate attention to moments of mobilization, and to movements with clear organizational boundaries, tactics and goals. Exceptions have explored collective identity, ‘free spaces’ and prefigurative politics, but such processes are framed as important only in accounting for movements in abeyance, or in explaining movement persistence. This article focuses on the social practices taking place in and around social movement spaces, showing that political meanings, knowledge and alternative forms of social organization are continually being developed and cultivated. Social centres in Barcelona, Spain, autonomous political spaces hosting cultural and educational events, protest campaigns and alternative living arrangements, are used as empirical case studies. Daily practices of food provisioning, distributing space and dividing labour are politicized and politicizing as they unfold and develop over time and through diverse networks around social centres. Following Melucci, such latent processes set the conditions for social movements and mobilization to occur. However, they not only underpin mobilization, but are themselves politically expressive and prefigurative, with multiple layers of latency and visibility identifiable in performances of practices. The variety of political forms – adversarial, expressive, theoretical, and routinized everyday practices, allow diverse identities, materialities and meanings to overlap in movement spaces, and help explain networks of mutual support between loosely knit networks of activists and non‐activists. An approach which focuses on practices and networks rather than mobilization and collective actors, it is argued, helps show how everyday life and political protest are mutually constitutive.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article
The Death of Class , Jan Pakulski and Malcolm Waters
Social Change and the Middle Classes , Tim Butler and Mike Savage, (eds)
Practical Sociology: Post-empiricism and the Reconstruction of Theory and Application , Christopher G.A. Bryant
Environmental Sociology: A Social Constructionist Perspective , John A. Hannigan
Knowing Machines: Essays on Technical Change , Donald MacKenzie
Daniel Bell , Malcolm Waters
Canvases and Careers: Institutional Change in the French Painting World , Harrison C. White and Cynthia A. White
Theorizing Museums , Sharon Macdonald and Gordon Fyfe, (eds)
Club Cultures: Music, Media and Subcultural Capital , Sarah Thornton
Food, the Body and the Self , Deborah Lupton
Making Men: Rugby and Masculine Identity , J. Nauright, and T.J.L. Chandler, (eds)     

Rural communities and well‐being: a good place to grow up?

This study looks at young people's accounts of life in communities in rural northern Scotland, and considers in what ways affective and social aspects of community are bound up with well‐being, over and above young people's concerns for the future, rural youth transitions, and out‐migration. Interviews were held with 15–18 year‐olds in four study areas (16 groups, N=60+) and a parallel survey of 11–16 year‐olds was conducted in eight study areas (N=2400+). Themes to emerge from the interviews included: opportunities locally, the future and staying on, as well as local amenities and services; but older teenagers also spoke at length about their social lives, family and social networks, and their community, both as close‐knit and caring and as intrusive and controlling. Rural communities were seen as good places in childhood, but not necessarily for young people. In parallel with that, the survey data paints a picture where feelings of support, control, autonomy, and attachment were all associated with emotional well‐being. Importantly, links between emotional well‐being and practical, material concerns were outweighed by positive identifications of community as close‐knit and caring; and equally, by negative identifications as intrusive and constraining, where the latter was felt more strongly by young women. Certainly, beliefs about future employment and educational opportunities were also linked to well‐being, but that was over and above, and independently of, affective and social aspects of community life. Additionally, migration intentions were also bound up with sense of self and well‐being, and with feelings about community life; and links between thoughts about leaving and community life as controlling and constraining were, yet again, felt more strongly by young women. Thus, gender was a key dimension affecting young people's feelings about their communities with significant implications for well‐being, and out‐migration. The study illustrates the importance of understanding the experiences young people have of growing up in rural areas, and how they evaluate those experiences: particularly, how life in rural communities matters for young people's well‐being; and especially, for young women.     

印度与以色列战略伙伴关系的进展、动力及前景

近年来,受决策者、国家、地区和国际因素等要素变化的影响,印度和以色列关系呈现出全面性、战略性、伙伴性的发展态势。2017年印度和以色列明确宣布将两国关系提升至“战略伙伴关系”。此后,两国深入拓展在政治、军事、经济、人文四大领域的合作与交流,政治关系日益密切,军事合作不断深化,经贸关系提质加速,人文交流日益活跃。未来一段时期内,印度和以色列可能在军事、反恐以及经贸等领域进一步加强合作。然而,受国内因素、地区和国际因素的影响,未来印度和以色列关系发展仍存在诸多变数,双方在短期内无法结成同盟关系。     

Lessons learned using a values-engaged approach to attend to culture,diversity, and equity in a STEM program evaluation

Evaluation must attend meaningfully and respectfully to issues of culture, race, diversity, power, and equity. This attention is especially critical within the evaluation of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) educational programming, which has an explicit agenda of broadening participation. The purpose of this article is to report lessons learned from the implementation of a values-engaged, educative (Greene et al., 2006) evaluation within a multi-year STEM education program setting. This meta-evaluation employed a case study design using data from evaluator weekly systematic reflections, review of evaluation and program artifacts, stakeholder interviews, and peer review and assessment. The main findings from this study are (a) explicit attention to culture, diversity, and equity was initially challenged by organizational culture and under-developed evaluator–stakeholder professional relationship and (b) evidence of successful engagement of culture, diversity, and equity emerged in formal evaluation criteria and documents, and informal dialogue and discussion with stakeholders. The paper concludes with lessons learned and implications for practice.     

Book Reviews/Comptes rendus

Book reviewed in this article:
JANE BALIN, A Neighborhood Divided: Community Resistance to an AIDS Care Facility
HIMANI BANNERJI, The Dark Side of the Nation: Essays on Multiculturalism, Nationalism and Gender
CECILIA M. BENOIT, Women, Work and Social Rights: Canada in Historical and Comparative Perspective
HELEN K. BLACK and ROBERT L. RUBINSTEIN, Old Souls: Aged Women, Poverty, and the Experience of God
EVELYN BLACKWOOD and SASKIA E. WIERINGA, eds., Female Desires: Same-Sex Relations and Transgender Practices Across Cultures
KIERAN BONNER, A Great Place to Raise Kids: Interpretation, Science and the Urban-Rural Debate
VALERIE BRYSON, Feminist Debates: Issues of Theory and Political Practice
ALISON J. CLARKE, Tupperware: The Promise of Plastic in 1950s America
JUANNE NANCARROW CLARKE with LAUREN NANCARROW CLARKE, Finding Strength: A Mother and Daughter's Story of Childhood Cancer
CAROLE M. COUNIHAN, The Anthropology of Food and Body: Gender, Meaning and Power
MARC EDELMAN, Peasants against Globalization. Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica
IAN GOUGH and GUNNAR OLOFSSON (eds.), Capitalism and Social Cohesion: Essays on Exclusion and Integration
ALENA HEITLINGER (ed.), émigré Feminism: Transnational Perspectives
SUSAN F. HIRSCH, Pronouncing and Persevering: Gender and the Discourse of Disputing in an African Islamic Court     

Patriarchy and development in the Arab world

The author defines patriarchy in the Arab context as the prioritizing of the rights of males and elders, and the justification of those rights within kinship values which are usually supported by religion. She considers the systematic impact of patriarchy throughout Arab society in the attempt to understand the persistence of patriarchy in the Arab world. Patriarchy in the Arab world, and other regions, is an obstacle for women, children, families, and states. It affects health, education, labor, human rights, and democracy. The author argues that patriarchy is powerful in the Arab world because age-based kinship values and relationships are crucial socially, economically, politically, ideologically, and psychologically. Sections discuss social patriarchy, economic patriarchy, political patriarchy, religious patriarchy, patriarchy in the self, and development planners, practitioners, and patriarchy.     

Research,A Basic Ingredient in the Study of Social Policy and Social Services

The course model described in this paper has four components: first, a systems base for understanding family structure, including intergenerational themes, taboos, toxic issues, triangulated relationships, and attitudes toward ethnic or racial heritage; second, utilization of research skills, including cataloging sources, constructing topical and autobiographical interviews and questionnaires, determining credibility of sources, and assessing style and form as well as content of correspondence; third, structural adaptations that students' families made over three generations in response to immigration, natural disasters, military mobilization, economic depression, long-distance relocations, and discriminatory actions; and fourth, public review of each student's research, elaborating on the similarities and differences in the experiences of each ethnic or racial group and in the structural accommodations of family systems to these experiences.