游戏化助推开放式创新平台用户参与

创新活动从传统的仅由企业主导的模式转向用户共同参与的开放式创新模式,开放式创新平台通过耦合创新需求端和用户创新供给端,扩大了创新源。然而目前开放式创新活动却面临用户参与度严重不足的问题,如何通过管理设计增加用户参与成为管理者和研究者共同关注的重要现实问题。本研究提出,游戏化理论中的奖励和竞合机制的有效组合能够促进用户参与开放式创新。本文以全球最大的数据科学开放式创新竞赛平台Kaggle为研究对象,探究奖励与竞合机制的交互作用对开放式创新用户参与行为的影响。结果表明,奖励金额对用户参与有正向影响;奖项数量减弱奖励金额对用户参与的影响;限制团队人数降低奖励金额对用户参与的影响;是否限制后期团队合并对用户参与行为无显著影响。本研究将游戏化理论引入开放式创新管理领域,完善创新管理领域的理论积累,为开放式创新活动发起者和管理者增加用户参与提供了奖励设计和活动组织管理方面的实践指导。     

用户生成内容质量对多渠道零售商品牌权益的影响

包含实体门店和在线商店的多渠道零售模式成为全球零售业发展的趋势,Web 2.0催生的用户生成内容为多渠道零售商打造竞争力提供了新思路。基于信息传播理论、社会资本理论、情感迁移理论,构建用户生成内容质量影响多渠道零售商品牌权益的整合模型。采用问卷法在多渠道零售商的在线零售品牌社群采集数据,运用结构方程模型对432份有效样本进行统计分析。研究结果表明,用户生成内容信息质量对多渠道零售商品牌权益具有直接的正向促进作用,也会通过线下商店信任产生间接影响,信息传播路径得到证实;用户生成内容互动质量促进了E-社会资本的形成,进而推动在线零售品牌社群承诺的培育,社交临场感、缘分感在用户生成内容互动质量与E-社会资本关系中发挥部分中介作用,而用户生成内容信息质量在关系化路径中并不产生影响;在线零售品牌社群承诺对多渠道零售商品牌权益具有直接的正向影响,线下商店信任发挥部分中介作用,情感迁移路径得到证实。     

基于虚拟触觉视角的在线商品展示、在线互动与冲动性购买研究

基于虚拟触觉的角度,分析在线商品展示和在线互动对消费者冲动性购物行为的影响。在设计商品展示和虚拟触觉等变量的测量量表的基础上,建立了理论模型;然后通过市场调研收集数据,对量表所获数据进行了效度和信度分析,基于结构方程的方法对理论模型进行了实证检验。结果表明,在线商品展示和在线互动对消费者冲动性购买既有直接作用也有间接作用,其中虚拟触觉充当了间接作用中的不完全中介变量。     

在线用户点赞与评论行为的产生机理差异研究———以医疗健康类企业微信公众号为例

很多企业或组织利用移动社交媒体服务平台(如微信公众号)发布内容来吸引用户参与互动(点赞、评论等)以达到宣传和营销目的,而用户不同互动行为的影响机制及其差异尚无明确结论.基于精细加工可能性模型和用户互动参与的相关理论文献,本文以医疗健康类企业微信公众号为研究情景,从中心路径(信息质量)和边缘路径(来源可信度和情绪因素)出发,探究用户对健康信息点赞和评论互动行为意向的影响机制及其差异.为了验证所提模型和假设,本文采用大规模在线情景问卷调研方法收集数据并进行实证检验,结果显示:1)信息质量、来源可信度对用户点赞意向的影响显著强于评论意向;2)信息负情绪性对评论意向影响不显著而对点赞意向的影响负向显著;3)信息正情绪性与来源可信度对两种用户互动行为意向的影响均显著强于信息质量.研究结论丰富了在线信息互动行为的相关理论,为移动社交媒体运营商在发布信息方面提供实践指导.     

基于软件方法对电信行业用户流失的实证研究与预测

本文通过对移动通信运营商用户流失相关数据的定量分析,研究导致运营商用户流失的主要因素,并通过软件方法发现具有类似流失前行为的用户,预测流失规模。实证研究结果表明,通信网络质量对于用户流失的影响作用明显,应用软件模型预测用户流失准确率可达83%以上。以上初步研究结论和结果,对于帮助移动通信运营商在日趋激烈的市场竞争环境中及时监测用户流失率和保持竞争优势有重要的理论和实践应用意义。     

在线消费者感知不确定性及其影响因素的作用

本文从消费者行为角度探索在线消费者感知不确定性的原理以及不同影响因素对减少感知不确定性的作用.在研究中,我们将消费者感知不确定性分为商品感知不确定性和卖家行为感知不确定性,研究的影响因素包括商品属性体验、在线沟通、买家评价以及C2C网站保障.通过对淘宝网的买家进行实证研究发现,各影响因素能显著减少商品感知不确定性,并由此间接地减少卖家行为感知不确定性.其中,在线沟通还有助于直接消除买家对卖家行为的感知不确定性.此外,研究结果也显示,卖家行为感知不确定性显著地影响买家购买意愿,而商品感知不确定性则通过卖家行为不确定性间接影响买家购买意愿.根据实证结果,本研究主张当前C2C急待解决的主要问题是建立更加完善的保障机制和制定更公平的交易规则,以有效消除卖家行为不确定性,减少交易过程的信息不对称性.     

社会系统多元情景可计算模式研究

 随着网络技术的发展和应用，在线健康社区逐渐进入人们的生活，越来越多的用户开始使用在线健康社区进行健康管理。改善和提升健康状况是用户参与社区的主要动机，更是在线健康社区得以存续和发展的关键。因此，探讨在线健康社区背景下用户健康状况的影响因素成为至关重要的研究课题。尽管已有大量在线健康社区的研究探讨过社会因素(来自于他人的社会支持)对于健康状况的影响，然而这些研究却忽视了个人因素在健康管理中的作用(个人目标和性别差异)。        基于社会因素和个人因素，整合社会支持、个人目标和性别差异的相关理论，探讨在线健康社区中用户获得的社会支持和个人目标对于健康状况的影响，研究用户的性别差异对于社会支持、个人目标和健康状况之间关系的调节作用。收集真实在线健康社区中1 405个用户的相关信息作为研究数据，建立模型验证研究假设，利用SPSS 22.0软件对数据和实证模型进行分析。        实证结果表明，社会支持从情感和信息等方面影响在线健康社区的用户，社会支持的数量积极影响用户健康状况的改善程度；个人目标与用户本身自律的内在需求相关，个人目标积极影响用户的行为和健康状况；性别差异具有调节作用，即社会支持对于女性用户的影响比男性用户更强，个人目标对于男性用户的影响比女性用户更强。        探讨个人目标对于在线健康社区用户健康状况改善的影响，研究用户之间的性别差异对于影响因素与健康状况之间关系的调节作用，研究结果为在线健康社区用户和设计者提供了实践指导。     

基于CAS理论的企业开放式创新社区在线用户贡献行为研究:以国内知名企业社区为例

企业开放式创新社区的实践受到了广泛关注,但理论研究还远谈不上完善。本文定量界定了在线用户主动贡献和反应贡献两个行为变量,借鉴复杂适应系统(CAS)理论的研究视角,结合社区用户调研,构建了在线用户贡献行为影响因素模型。以国内知名企业开放式创新社区348个用户样本为调查对象,实证结果显示,用户互惠和社区激励对两种贡献行为均有显著影响,利他动机和社区信任显著影响主动贡献行为,认同动机和用户信任显著影响反应贡献行为。本文对研究结论进行了讨论,就引导社区用户贡献行为提出了管理建议。本文的研究工作丰富了开放式创新社区用户研究的理论视角,为用户贡献行为的深入探索奠定了基础。     

双元领导对团队创新绩效影响研究——基于惯例视角

领导力及组织双元领域的研究认为,领导者的悖论认知模式和管理行为对于组织中任何一种双元形式的构建都发挥着重要的作用。然而,目前学术界对于这种复杂领导方式的具体作用效果及影响机制,尤其是对于团队创新过程中如何有针对性地处理团队整体性与个体差异性间存在的突出矛盾这一问题仍然缺乏深入的研究。 基于社会认知理论、组织双元理论和动态能力理论,从团队惯例视角出发,构建双元领导行为-团队双元文化-团队创新绩效的影响过程模型,探讨领导行为的协调作用,同时以成员自我调节导向和环境动态性作为调节变量,研究在此影响过程中团队内、外部情景因素的调节作用。采用SPSS 17.0和AMOS 17.0进行多层次回归分析和组间方差分析,对来自长三角区域高新技术型企业中123个知识团队的调研数据进行实证分析。 研究结果表明,①双元领导对团队创新绩效具有积极影响并且显著优于单一领导方式,而变革型领导和交易型领导对团队创新绩效的影响并无显著差异,但要显著优于无明显领导风格的团队,且这两种领导方式能够产生协同效应,其交互正向影响团队创新绩效;②双元领导主要通过团队双元文化部分中介作用直接或间接影响团队创新绩效,但其所包含的变革型和交易型领导行为对团队创新绩效的作用机理存在差异,变革型领导主要通过适应性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效,交易型领导则通过一致性文化的部分中介作用直接和间接影响创新绩效;③自我调节导向在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用;④环境动态性在双元领导与团队创新绩效关系间发挥正向调节作用。     

移动商务环境下消费者信任动态演变研究

移动商务消费者信任的发展是一个随时间演变的动态过程,对这一动态过程的形成和作用机制的研究比较缺乏.以移动银行为研究对象,基于拓展的效价理论、自我感知理论和信息系统期望确认理论,构建三阶段消费者信任动态演变模型,分析消费者使用前的决策行为的形成机制、使用行为的反馈作用机制和使用后的评价机制.通过实验方法收集163个有效的纵向样本数据,采用SPSS和PLS-Graph软件进行统计分析.实证结果表明,信任对消费者的使用行为有直接和间接的显著影响,使用行为对使用后的用户认知或心理因素有正向的反馈作用,用户的评价显著影响满意,满意促使用户信任水平的提高,新的信任水平进一步对用户未来的行为有重要的影响,信任的变化构成一个循环的动态过程,解释了信任动态演变的规律.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.