青少年权利的法律保护

我国青少年权利的法律保护问题,历来是党和国家所高度重视的.从当前情况看,我国青少年权利的法律保护,已从舆论、理论探讨向具体的立法和执法转化:从个别条文的规定向青少年专门法律、法规和条例转化;从个别地方的立法向全国性立法转化.特别是全国未成年人保护法的问世和实施,预示着我国青少年法制建设进入新阶段.一、我国青少年权利法律保护的发展进程早在第二次国内革命战争时期,中华苏维埃共和国制定的《宪法大纲》、《劳动法》、《婚姻法》等法律中,就有保护青少年     

Preliminary Studies on Adolescents＇ Legal Consciousness

特定的成长阶段与特殊的心理特点决定了青少年有独特的法律意识。研究发现，多数青少年或多或少曾出现过违法行为；青少年服从法律既有工具性的现实利益考虑，也有内规范价值取向的原因；相比较法律的惩罚性后果，同辈评价对青少年法律行为的影响更为显著；青少年的法律服从意识多源于个人的道德判断而非对法律体系的认同；青少年的法律服从更多源于对法律机构的崇拜情结，而不是责任意识。因此，为增强青少年法制教育的实效性。促进其守法行为，必须从他们法律心理的特点入手，重视法律行为的强化，突出价值观的塑造，将同辈压力当作有效资源。     

青少年法律服从意识的测量

特定的成长阶段与特殊的心理特点决定了青少年有独特的法律意识。研究发现，多数青少年或多或少曾出现过违法行为；青少年服从法律既有工具性的现实利益考虑，也有内规范价值取向的原因；相比较法律的惩罚性后果，同辈评价对青少年法律行为的影响更为显著；青少年的法律服从意识多源于个人的道德判断而非对法律体系的认同；青少年的法律服从更多源于对法律机构的崇拜情结，而不是责任意识。因此，为增强青少年法制教育的实效性。促进其守法行为，必须从他们法律心理的特点入手，重视法律行为的强化，突出价值观的塑造，将同辈压力当作有效资源。     

21世纪中国青少年法律保护的走向

２１世纪中国青少年法律保护的走向徐建，肖建国激烈的社会变革势必会带来一些社会问题，例如青少年合法权益的问题，青少年违法犯罪的问题，青少年自我发展和提高的问题等等，值得我们重视与关注，作为现代社会管理基本的、重要的手段之一的法律，理应顺应社会发展，保护...     

试论《上海市青少年保护条例》的地方特色和立法效果

《上海市青少年保护条例》(以下简称《条例》)的制定和颁布是我国青少年法学领域具有开拓意义的大事,它标志着我国青少年教育保护工作新的突破和社会主义法制建设在新形势下的发展。《条例》作为我国第一部地方性的青少年法,其地方特色和立法效果受到全社会的关注,笔者在此谈些个人体会和认识。地方特色是《条例》科学性的集中反映我们知道,“立法者……不是在制造法律,不是发现法律,而仅仅是表述法律。”(《马恩     

维护犯罪青少年合法权益的探讨

如何贯彻落实党的依法治国方针，切实维护青少年的合法权益，全力做好预防青少年犯罪工作，营造有利于青少年健康成长的良好环境，以取得了良好的法律和社会效果。为此，笔者对如何维护犯罪青少年合法权益作进一步的探索。     

针对特点防止“越轨”——上海市越轨青少年思想观念的调查和防治对策

青少年“越轨” ,本研究是指青少年具有偏离了社会所要求于青少年的道德规范和法律规范 ,并因此受到许多人的否定评价的行为和价值观。面对严重的青少年越轨问题 ,人们试图从多种层面寻找原因和对策。其中一个重要方面是考察越轨青少年的思想观念 ,尤其是其对人生、社会、越轨等与越轨相关问题的看法。对越轨青少年主观观念的检验可以使研究者对青少年越轨问题获得更为本质的理解 ,并利于有针对性地提出越轨青少年防治对策。本文试图从越轨青少年对人生、社会和越轨行为本身的认识这几个相互关联的角度 ,对上海市越轨青少年的思想观念进行现…     

全球化背景下的志愿服务与青少年发展

本文分析了全球化时代青少年对志愿服务的参与,包括青少年志愿精神的弘扬、青少年志愿行为的体现、青少年志愿服务网络的扩大.志愿服务是青少年进行自我教育的有效途径,从思想观念、伦理道德、法律规范、权利义务、人文精神等方面对青少年的成长产生影响.志愿服务对青少年能力开发也有积极作用,包括智力开发、技能开发、自我调节能力开发、社会交往能力开发等.全球化时代促进志愿服务迅速发展,从而对青少年成长发挥积极的影响.     

浅析青少年违法犯罪的预防

青少年违法犯罪的新闻近些年经常占据新闻版面,青少年违法犯罪问题也越发受到社会的关注。青少年对法律的认知还不健全,对自己的行为没有良好的自制力,这也是导致青少年走向违法犯罪的重要原因。本文将简单分析我国青少年违法犯罪的特点,当前对青少年法制教育工作中存在的不足,并论述如何加强对青少年的法制教育提出几点重要举措。     

青少年网络犯罪的法律思考

随着现代社会的迅速发展,青少年对社会的进步有着巨大的推进作用,与此同时,计算机网络技术的发展可谓是指数式的增长,形成了一股势不可挡的潮流。然而,在这种社会发展现状下,青少年利用网络进行犯罪已经日益突出,对社会造成了一定的危害和影响。于此,本文在法律层次上研究青少年网络犯罪的成因、特点、犯罪领域,从青少年网络犯罪的前期征兆进行社会分析,消除青少年网络犯罪,重在预防与控制,为社会的法制建设提供参考。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.