改革开放30年西藏农村经济社会发展取得的成就

改革开放30年来,西藏农村经济、社会发展取得了举世瞩目的成就.文章通过列举自1978年以来西藏农村基础条件、农牧业综合生产能力、科学技术、乡镇企业、农牧民增收和社会事业等发展变化的具体数据,彰显西藏农村翻天覆地的发展变化,分析了西藏农村发展变化的基本经验.     

西藏农牧业补贴的现状、效果及建议

文章从资金绝对规模、相对规模、资金结构三个方面系统考察了西藏农牧业补贴的现状,进而利用基于向量自回归的多元协整方法,求解了西藏农牧业补贴和农牧业经济产出的长期均衡、短期动态波动和格兰杰(Granger)因果关系.分析结果表明,虽然西藏农牧业补贴对整个自治区农牧业经济增长作出了重要贡献,具有很大的拉动作用,但是西藏农牧业补贴也存在着相对规模不断缩小、补贴资金结构不尽合理、不利于可持续发展目标等问题.依据这些分析,基于新时期的发展战略,文章最后提出了关于补贴的几点建议.     

西藏农户经济演化特征:基于农村住户调查资料的实证分析

本文根据国家统计局农调队所作的农村住户调查资料,以1980-2003年为基本考察期,对西藏农牧民家庭经济的演化特征进行实证分析.分析表明,总体来讲西藏农牧民家庭收支都有结余,且有不断上升趋势,家庭经济活动仍然是西藏农牧民主要的经济活动方式;食品支出是最主要的方面,反映出西藏农牧民生活普遍处于比较贫困之中;工资性收入增长是西藏农牧民总收入增长的一个"亮点".最后,文章提出了加大缓解西藏农牧民贫困的政策力度;引导西藏农牧民从传统的家庭经济转向现代市场经济;进一步采取措施继续保持西藏农牧民工资性收入增长政策.     

西藏社会变迁中的经济发展考略

和平解放近50多年来,西藏变化巨大,经济社会的发展明显呈现出伴随着社会结构大变动的经济发展态势.文章着重研究西藏经济社会发展中的主要矛盾,即非典型二元结构下发展和改革问题,认为西藏经济结构的非典型二元性是西藏经济社会矛盾运动的一个重要原因,既构成了西藏发展与改革的现实基础,又制约着西藏的经济发展.进入21世纪后,西藏经济在中央大规模投资的强力拉动下,非典型二元结构开始演进,但实质性的改变仍需艰苦的努力.     

西藏农村村民自治制度的新发展

文章根据作者2005年7-8月在西藏自治区拉萨市城关区、达孜县、堆龙德庆县和尼木县农村的实地调查资料,对1999年以来西藏农村村民自治制度的发展状况进行了实证研究.对若干案例的分析表明:1999年以来,西藏农村村民自治实践在法制体系上更加完备,农民参与民主选举、民主决策、民主管理和民主监督的积极性和实际能力增强,村民委员会新老班子权力交接更加规范有序,新型能人的崛起使西藏农村基层治理精英的类型发生了明显转变,党支部与村委会关系的协调有利于农村和谐稳定,因而西藏农村村民自治的新发展对西藏政治发展和现代化进程具有明显的推动作用.     

西藏农牧业与农村经济发展研究

西藏农牧业和农村经济已有几千年的历史发展过程,农牧业生产的普及和一度相对发达则是在吐蕃王朝时期。而近千年佛教文化的引入和藏传佛教的兴起在相当程度上影响了西藏的政体和经济,政教合一的封建农奴制度更使西藏的生产力出现了大幅度倒退,农牧业和农村经济也停滞不前。1959年以后,和西藏的社会制度变革几乎同步,农牧业作为基础产业和主导产业得到重视和快速发展,农村经济由衰败走向繁荣,因而1959年无疑是西藏当代农牧业和农村经济发展的起始点。     

和平解放70年西藏经济发展的历程、成就与经验

文章基于西藏自治区国民经济统计数据和经济发展历史资料,统筹考虑西藏和平解放70年来中央治藏方略和西藏地方历史进程,认为西藏和平解放以来的经济发展历程可分成5个阶段,梳理了 70年来西藏经济发展的重要成就:基础设施不断完善,使西藏摆脱高原孤岛的长期封闭局面;宏观经济快速增长,使西藏摆脱了自然经济,逐步建立了现代经济体系;经济结构不断优化,使西藏区域发展更加均衡且可持续;城乡居民生活水平快速提高,使西藏人民的获得感、幸福感、安全感不断增强。文章提出中央集中统一领导,坚持走符合中国特色、西藏特点发展道路,实施全国支援西藏的政策,始终把改善民生作为西藏经济发展的出发点和落脚点,是西藏和平解放70年来经济快速发展的4条基本经验。     

从传统迈向现代——西藏农村经济60年回顾与展望

西藏和平解放60年来农村经济成就斐然,为国民经济的健康发展提供了强大的物质基础.农村基本经营制度的多层面变迁和农村产业结构演进以及农业科技的持续进步,是推动西藏农业发展的主要动因.在新的历史条件下,通过完善农村基本经营制度、推进农业产业化、提供农村发展资金支持、转移农村剩余劳动力、推动农业科技进步,西藏农村经济得以可持续发展.     

西藏农村贫困问题研究

贫困是伴随着人类发展而产生的一种社会经济现象,普遍发生在世界上所有的国家、地区或民族中.改革开放以来西藏社会经济快速发展,通过扶贫开发,在很大程度上缓解了农村贫困问题,但没有彻底解决,反贫困面临严峻的挑战.新时期做好西藏农村扶贫开发工作必须继续坚持正确的开发式扶贫方针,建立反贫困的长效机制,加强贫困人口的能力建设,扶持贫困人口尽快脱贫致富,促进贫困地区经济社会发展.     

西藏农村劳动力转移的回顾与瞻望

随着经济的发展,西藏的农村劳动力转移也经历了一个漫长而滞缓的发展过程,大体上可以分为民主改革到改革开放时期、改革开放到20世纪末、西部大开发至今这3个阶段.西藏农村劳动力转移过程中存在着一些困境,例如农牧民文化素质偏低、产业支撑乏力、社会意识制约劳动力转移等.只有研究农村劳动力转移过程中存在的这些难题,提出针对性的对策,才能促进西藏农村劳动力转移更快的发展.     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.