虚拟团队学习和团队效能及组织效能问关系的实证研究

本研究对虚拟团队学习取向和学习行为对团队效能和组织效能的效果产生的影响进行了研究.作者通过问卷调查的方法,对30多家企业中的307位有过虚拟团队工作经验的人员进行了调查.结果显示,虚拟团队学习取向和学习行为对团队绩效有显著影响,对组织的财务绩效和知识绩效也有显著的效应量.     

不同主体层次中组织的知识转化二维结构:前因变量与企业绩效的影响

企业价值的增长越来越依赖于所拥有的组织知识,但是不同主体层次中组织知识的转化及其所带来的绩效决定了组织中员工绩效、团队绩效和组织绩效的水平。本文首先根据对国内外研究文献的归纳和整理,分析了组织知识转化的各主体层次性及其相应层次的前因变量,构建了不同主体层次中组织的知识转化及其前因变量与企业绩效的影响理论模型和研究假设,通过文献回顾、访谈、半开放式问卷、预调查等方法设计出相关问卷,并利用问卷调查所获得的数据,通过探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析方法分析各主体层次知识转化的二维结构,采用结构方程模型对个人、团队和组织特征变量对个人、团队和组织层次的知识转化及其员工绩效、团队绩效和组织绩效的影响进行了探讨。最后,本文基于企业现实情况对其研究结果进行了详细的分析与讨论,并提出了研究局限性以及未来研究方向。     

团队中互动动机多样性对绩效影响研究

在以创新能力为重要目标的团队中,动机和行为对团队绩效有着重要影响.本文基于社会分类-信息加工模型,探究了互动动机多样性如何影响团队反思和团队相似度感知,以及二者又如何影响团队绩效.本文采用问卷调查法,收集了58个团队的数据,建立结构方程模型并对假设进行检验.研究结果表明,在App设计团队中,互动动机多样性与团队反思和团队相似度感知负相关,团队反思有利于提升团队创造力和团队满意度,团队相似度感知有利于促进团队满意度,然而其对团队创造力的作用不显著.研究结论揭示了互动动机多样性在团队中发挥的消极作用,探明了不同视角下互动动机多样性的影响路径.     

虚拟团队关键成功因素模型构建与实证研究

在对虚拟团队相关文献深入检索与分析的基础上,归纳、提炼出影响虚拟团队成功的15项关键因素,构建了虚拟团队关键成功因素三维(目标、成员、沟通)模型假设;通过对国内12家IT企业的问卷调查,收集到242条有效数据;利用描述性统计分析对15项关键因素进行了验证,利用R型因子聚类分析对三维模型假设进行验证,结果表明15项关键成功因素体现在目标一致性、信息技术能力、成员素质、领导能力和沟通协调能力五个维度上;最后,从这五个方面出发,给出了提升虚拟团队绩效的针对性策略.     

虚拟科研团队中成员个性与知识贡献关系的实证研究

虚拟科研团队已经成为跨国校际研究合作的一种发展趋势。在远距离虚拟科研团队中,成员是否愿意分享本地知识将关系到整个团队项目的成败。本文借用社会交换理论,提出团队成员的个性差异变量会影响知识共享行为的假设,并通过对21个虚拟科研团队151名成员的问卷调研发现:与经典的组织理论假设相反,在虚拟科研团队中,成员交换意识越强,经济收益和社会收益对知识贡献行为的正面影响越弱。这一研究启示了虚拟科研团队在选择激励机制时应重视激励因素与成员个性因素的交互作用,避免负面影响。     

团队两种多样性、互动行为与学习能力关系的研究

团队学习的研究重点已由基本问题界定(定义、类型等)扩展到对其机理(前因、后果关系等)的详尽探讨,但团队多样性与团队学习关系的研究尚显不足。本文定义了团队目标偏好多样性与知识经验多样性两个概念,之后详细探讨两种多样性如何影响团队学习能力。实证研究结果显示:团队目标偏好多样性越高,团队学习能力越弱;团队知识经验多样性越高,团队学习能力越强;两种导向的互动行为是调节多样性与团队学习能力关系的重要变量,当事实导向互动行为与情感导向互动行为比较多时,目标偏好多样性对团队学习能力的负向影响作用减弱,知识经验多样性对团队学习能力的正向影响作用增强;两种多样性通过团队学习能力的中介作用而间接影响团队绩效。     

研发团队多元性、知识分享与创新绩效关系的实证研究

本研究基于社会分类理论和信息与决策理论,分析研发团队多元性的社会属性、信息和价值观三个不同维度对知识分享及创新绩效的影响,提出研究假设。论文利用62家高科技企业的71个研发团队的调查数据对研究假设进行了实证检验。研究结果发现,研发团队的社会属性多元性对知识分享、创新绩效具有消极的影响,而信息多元性对知识分享、创新绩效具有积极的影响,价值观多元性的影响作用不显著。此外,社会属性多元性和价值观多元性对信息多元性与知识分享的关系起到了负向的调节作用。     

虚拟团队在医疗服务中应用的实证研究北大核心CSSCI

在线医生团队作为一种虚拟团队,在提供服务过程中会存在集体行动困境。从集体行动理论视角出发,基于在线医疗社区中865个医生团队及其3170位成员的基本情况与服务数据,提出并验证医生的团队身份、所在团队规模与个人服务绩效的有调节跨层次模型。研究表明:医生的团队领导与多团队成员身份均会对其个人绩效产生正向影响,团队规模对个人绩效的影响呈正U形,且其会削弱多团队成员身份对个人绩效的作用。实践中,医生如果想提升个人的服务绩效,则发展团队领导与多团队成员身份是可行的策略,同时调整团队规模也有利于改善绩效。     

沟通技术和时间因素对虚拟团队过程影响实验研究

以学生为实验对象,进行由48个3人组参与的2×2因子实验,对不同技术条件和团队发展阶段下的虚拟团队进行模拟.通过时实验对象的问卷调查,收集贫瘠和丰富沟通技术条件下虚拟团队在早期阶段和后期阶段的信任水平、冲突水平和绩效水平数据,并以此分析两类沟通技术在虚拟团队发展的不同阶段对团队内冲突和信任水平的影响以及虚拟团队过程中信任的调节作用和绩效的反馈作用.研究结果表明,在虚拟团队发展的早期阶段,丰富度高的沟通技术会引发更多的关系冲突,不利于团队信任的建立,并且在促使成员积极讨论任务方面的优势并不明显;在虚拟团队发展的后期阶段,团队中的信任和冲突水平受到前期绩效的反馈作用和技术变更的影响,早期绩效对后期团队内冲突和信任具有显著的反馈作用,技术变更带来关系冲突水平的增加,而沟通技术在后期阶段将不再是影响团队内信任和冲突的主要因素;信任的调节作用在虚拟情境下得到验证.     

新产品开发团队领导行为、团队效力与团队绩效关系研究

本文根据变革型领导理论和团队效力理论,引入团队效力作为过程变量,提出了新产品开发团队领导行为、团队效力和团队绩效之间关系的研究框架和14个研究假设,并对67个团队样本进行了实证检验.研究表明,新产品开发团队领导的关怀度、目标导向和过程导向对团队绩效有显著影响,而且团队领导的目标导向和过程导向通过团队效力对团队绩效产生显著影响.最后,还提出了提高新产品开发团队绩效的有效措施.     

Divide and rule: The effects of diversity and network structure on a firm's sustainability performance

To tackle sustainability, firms often use partnerships with organizations from different industries or societal sectors such as government and civil society. While partnerships show potential for firms to improve their sustainability performance, they not only lead to a potential to learn from diversity but also to tensions due to a lack of unity between partners. In partnerships for sustainability, this unity-diversity tension particularly manifests itself in different views of sustainability. This paper examines how this tension affects the sustainability performance of firms taking part in partnerships for sustainability in developing countries. To address this question, this tension is conceptualized as being the result of differences in organizational frames and institutional logics between a focal firm and other organizations in the partnership. It is also taken into consideration that firms are embedded in an overarching, relational network structure that allows them to manage the diversity in frames and logics. To test the hypotheses, the study analyses 1353 greenhouse gas emission reduction projects of 322 firms from developing countries active in the carbon-offset market from 2007 to 2009. The findings show that if partners hold different frames and belong to different sectors, a firm's sustainability performance improves first due to learning from diversity but after a turning point decreases from a lack of unity. This inverse U-shape relationship is flipped if a firm occupies a brokerage position in its network.     

Employees’ positions in virtual working community and their job performances: a social network analysis

Along with the rapid development of Internet, virtual community is gradually introduced into employees’ work and learning. There are many research studies about virtual learning community, but few focus on the virtual working community. This research examines a virtual working community, analyses its social network structure, measures employees’ centrality, and tests the relationship between centrality and job performance. The virtual working community of the online tutors at the School of Distance Learning in Peking University was the research object. Findings suggest that the centrality of employees in the virtual community and their job performance have significant positive correlation. Centrality of the employees and gender are also significantly correlated.     

Patterns of knowledge flows and MNE innovative performance

This paper examines the influence of inter-and intra organisational knowledge flows on innovative performance in multinational enterprises. It employs a theoretical framework relating to organisational differentiation within multinational enterprises to generate a number of hypotheses linking knowledge flows to innovate performance. The hypotheses are tested in the biopharmaceutical context. Patent citations and co-patenting are utilised to capture knowledge flows. The findings support suggestion in the literature that subsidiary embededdness in external knowledge stimulates innovation in MNEs.     

Open-Innovation Effectiveness: When does the Macro Design of Alliance Portfolios Matter?

We determine the impact of the macro-design of a firm's alliance portfolio on its open-innovation effectiveness. Three elements of macro-design—international, technological, and partner diversity—are theorized to affect the breadth of knowledge sourcing, which is an important facet of open-innovation effectiveness. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 982 firm-years in the biotech industry. We find a U-shaped relationship between knowledge-sourcing breadth and international diversity. We also find that that technological diversity has no impact on knowledge-sourcing breadth. Furthermore, when seeking valuable knowledge, partner diversity is detrimental to knowledge-sourcing breadth.     

学习型组织中的虚拟团队知识共享模型研究

传统的知识共享理论不能直接应用到虚拟团队知识共享研究之中,为克服虚拟团队知识共享存在的障碍,对交互记忆系统运作的核心--元记忆目录进行了扩展,加入元知识和社会网络2个维度,以帮助虚拟团队解决统一知识表述、规范专长认知、知识资源描述和展现内部实际沟通网络等问题.以扩展性元记忆目录为核心,建立了基于交互记忆理论的虚拟团队知识共享模型,并对知识共享模型各因素的相互关系进行了分析,提出了未来研究的结构方程模型.     

不同地域文化下网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响

探讨不同类型的网络搜寻对合作创新绩效的影响,分析不同地域文化下该影响效应的差异性;在梳理相关文献的基础上,将技术创新网络背景下企业的网络搜寻归结为知识搜寻、关系搜寻和惯例搜寻3种类型;在陕西、江苏和广东三地选择具有较强研发合作强度和深度的典型行业实证调研,运用多元回归等方法进行统计检验分析。研究结果表明,知识搜寻与合作创新绩效之间的正向相关关系在三地样本中均得到检验,江苏样本的系数最大;陕西和江苏样本中关系搜寻与合作创新绩效之间存在倒U形关系,广东样本中仅正向关系通过显著性检验;陕西样本中惯例搜寻被视为破坏现有合作关系、不利于合作创新绩效的提升,而其余两地的样本均验证了惯例搜寻与合作创新绩效的正向关系。     

软件外包中社会资本对知识共享的影响研究

基于已有文献提出软件外包中结构资本、认知资本、关系资本与知识共享之间相关关系的概念模型,并提出假设。通过对西安软件园14家软件外包企业中管理者的访谈及相关员工的问卷调查,用结构方程模型方法、SPSS 16.0等软件对数据进行验证,实证结果表明:结构资本与知识共享没有显著关系;认知资本与知识共享有正相关关系,但并不显著;关系资本与知识共享有正相关关系,也不显著。对结构方程模型进行简化后,社会资本对知识共享有着显著的正向影响。     

Exploring the Importance of Business Clockspeed as a Moderator for Determinants of Supplier Network Performance*

As the importance of supplier networks becomes increasingly recognized as a vital factor to company performance, researchers and practitioners alike are focusing their attention on this subject. The study's main objective is to test the specific hypotheses that effective use of Information Technology (IT) and the depth of company relationships with suppliers are directly related to Supplier Network (SN) performance, and that industry clockspeed moderates these relationships. A convenience sample of 135 manufacturing organizations was used to empirically test these hypotheses. Our results indicate that clockspeed does moderate the relationship between IT use effectiveness and supplier network performance. The same is true in the case of supplier relations depth, and hence, managers are encouraged to pay attention to the items comprising network performance as a determinant of supplier network performance.     

Antecedents and consequences of diversity and equality management systems: The importance of gender diversity in the TMT and lower to middle management

Strategic human resource management theory suggests that diversity and equality management (DEM) systems provide a firm with a competitive advantage, leading to superior performance. This study proposes and tests a moderated mediation model focusing on antecedents (i.e. top management team gender diversity) and consequences (i.e. performance) of DEM systems in the context of lower through middle management (LTMM) gender diversity. The model was tested in 248 medium-to large-sized organizations using time-lagged survey and archival data. The findings provide full support for the hypothesis that a gender-diverse top management team is positively associated with DEM systems. The results provide partial support for the following hypotheses: DEM systems are positively associated with performance and this relationship is moderated by LTMM gender diversity; and DEM systems mediate the relationship between TMT gender diversity and performance. We discuss theoretical, research and practical implications.