西部民族地区人力资源开发现状及对策研究

西部大开发战略的实施为西部民族地区的发展提供了前所未有的历史机遇。由于历史与现实的诸多因素 ,长期以来西部民族地区一直是西部贫困程度最深、最边远落后的地区。如何使西部最贫困的民族地区尽快脱贫致富奔小康 ,是西部大开发战略成功实施的根本保证。本文以人力资本理论为依据 ,在分析西部民族地区的人力资源现状的基础上 ,探讨了在西部大开发中如何通过具体措施提高人力资本存量 ,从根本上提高西部民族地区整体竞争能力的对策     

西部大开发与广西民族团结进步

本文认为 ,广西是地处边疆的少数民族地区 ,由于历史和自然条件等方面的原因 ,经济社会发展相对落后 ,如不加快发展 ,势必影响社会主义民族关系的巩固和发展。实施西部大开发给广西少数民族地区的发展和各民族的共同繁荣进步带来了历史性机遇。广西应抓住机遇 ,在基础设施建设、调整产业结构、搞好生态环境保护等方面做好工作。同时进一步完善民族区域自治制度 ,加强民族法制建设、加快发展民族教育、大力培养民族干部、为西部大开发创造良好的条件 ,用以推进民族团结进步事业     

试论教育在西部民族地区发展中的作用

西部民族地区疆域辽阔,自然资源丰富,但由于自然、历史、政治、文化和政策倾向等诸多因素的综合作用,西部民族地区现有的人力资源远远不能适应我国现代化建设和西部大开发的迫切需要。为此,西部民族地区要实现大发展,关键是优先发展教育、实施人才发展战略。     

西部民族地区人力资源开发问题探索

我国实施西部大开发战略,特别是加入WTO后,西部民族地区人力资源开发问题的重要性就日趋明显了。针对西部民族地区人力资源的现状,应采取相应的措施,加大人力资源开发的力度,注重民族人才的培养及外部人才的引进,使西部民族地区人力资源的存量和流量得到有效的使用和发挥,促进西部民族地区社会经济的发展。     

论西部大开发中的民族法制建设

本文分析了西部大开发中民族法制建设的必要性、原则 ,提出了加强民族法制建设的几个方面。作者认为 ,必须重视和加强西部大开发中的民族法制建设 ,特别要加强少数民族政治权利、少数民族文化、少数民族风俗习惯、少数民族宗教 ,以及民族地区生态、民族地区市场经济方面的法制建设。惟其如此 ,才能顺利实施西部大开发的战略 ,才能真正实现民族平等、团结和共同繁荣 ,才能帮助少数民族走上现代化的发展道路。     

民族研究与西部新开发——兼论当代民族研究的地位和作用

实施西部大开发,是促进各民族共同繁荣的重大战略部署,是进一步加强民族团结、维护社会稳定的根本措施。它不仅有利于提高西部地区人民的生活水平,也有利于少数民族地区的社会稳定和国家的长治久安。经过十年开发,西部发展成果有目共睹,但东西部差距仍然很大。国家高度重视西部地区的经济发展,西部也将迎来新一轮开发。在这样的时代背景下,正确认识民族研究与西部新开发显得十分重要。     

民族学院在西部人力资源开发中的职能与作用

西部大开发为民族学院带来了良好的发展机遇 ,民族学院将以其独特的优势在西部人力资源开发中发挥不可替代的作用。本文分析了西部大开发的关键是民族地区的人力资源开发 ,阐述了培养高级专门人才是民族学院的最基本的职能 ,并提出民族学院应充分利用这一契机 ,发挥优势 ,调整教育结构 ,提高教育质量 ,实施人才培养和开发战略 ,为西部大开发提供有力的人才支持。     

西部开发与民族问题的解决

实施西部大开发战略 ,推进少数民族和民族地区的建设和发展 ,是我国社会主义初级阶段民族工作的行动纲领 ,是新时期党和国家民族政策的基本出发点和归宿 ,对解决新时期民族问题具有划时代的意义。西部大开发对少数民族和民族地区提供了千载难逢的发展机遇 ,如何立足实际 ,把握住历史契机 ,客观而全面地分析民族地区与东南沿海发达地区之间存在的差距 ,进一步解放思想 ,明确思路 ,从根本上解决西部发展滞后的问题 ,是我们面临的迫切任务。     

西部民族地区生态环境建设的文化思考

西部民族地区生态环境的恶化 ,直接影响了西部大开发战略的实施。本文立足于制度文化、物质文化、思想观念文化和生态文化教育 ,对西部民族地区生态环境建设作了些探讨     

试论西部民族地区生态环境保护的法律构建

西部民族地区的生态环境建设关系到西部大开发战略的实施,关系到区域经济的发展,关系到民族地区的稳定和边疆安全。为了实现经济社会和生态环境保护的和谐发展,客观上要求我们必须在西部民族地区不断完善生态环境保护的法制体系,重视运用法律手段引导、规范、促进和保障西部民族地区生态环境的平衡协调。     

西部民族地区教育均衡发展的新战略

本文通过分析探讨西部大开发的战略思想、教育均衡发展的相关理念及西部民族地区教育非均衡发展现状 ,指出西部民族地区的教育发展与全国平均水平和东部水平相比 ,都存在着较为明显的非均衡发展问题 ;必须通过进一步强化政府的教育主体责任、建立“西部民族地区教育优先发展区”、促进民族教育与区域经济协调发展等政策 ,实现西部民族教育的均衡发展战略     

西部民族地区社会经济发展的法律促进思考

西部大开发已实施几年,相关法律体系的建设仍显滞后。本文从法律运作的角度,探讨了促进西部民族发展的几个重要的法律问题及制订相关法律的必要性,以期为西部的发展提供可行的法律依据。     

论西部大开发与民族预科教育的发展

西部大开发是世纪之交我国重大发展战略的合理转移 ,也是我国少数民族发展的内在要求。本文论述了我国民族预科教育发展状况 ,分析了西部大开发中我国民族预科教育面临的发展机遇 ,并提出了在西部大开发中发展民族预科教育的一些建议。     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

推行股份合作制在西部大开发中的意义--以西藏为例

文章根据西藏的实地调查材料,联系西部民族地区的整体情况,认为由于长期实行计划经济的发展模式,逐步形成了城镇和农村、干部职工和农牧民的不平衡发展,这是西部民族地区亟待解决的重要问题.利用西部大开发的历史契机,推动西部民族地区向社会主义市场经济转轨,在进行软硬件基础设施建设、加大改革开放力度的同时,应当运用政策和资金优势,推行股份合作制等多种经营组织形式,重点扶持农村和农牧民的发展.     

1949～2010:中国民族教育六十余年文献综述与研究

从中国民族教育六十余年的文献来看,不同时期的民族教育都充分反映了当时国家的方针、政策和社会特征。其中,从经验描述式的实证研究到理论与学科建设研究的历程凸现了中国民族教育学的发展。进入20世纪90年代后,关于民族教育的文献井喷式出现,主要出现在我国少数民族人口分布的西北地区、西南地区和我国北方地区(包括华北地区和东北地区),这从一个侧面证明了民族教育作为中国民族政策的有机组成部分的实践得到了自上而下的重视和自下而上的反馈。     

西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评

加快经济发展方式转变是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,西部民族地区经济发展方式的转变对我国全面建设小康社会和实现区域协调发展具有重要的意义。本文立足于西部民族地区经济社会发展实际和西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的内涵,构建西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评指标体系,运用指标体系测评西部民族地区"五区三省"经济发展方式转变的程度,最后基于测评结果提出加快西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的路径。     

试析西部大开发中的宗教问题

西部大开发中有许多因素要加以积极引导 ,宗教就是其中之一 ,因为西部的许多地区是全民族信教 ,因此如何利用宗教中的积极因素 ,已成为西部大开发工作中的重要方面。本文试图通过对宗教中有利于社会主义建设的因素进行分析 ,从而更好地发挥宗教在西部大开发中的作用