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This paper attempts to expound the historical research characteristics of the famous Mongolian scholar Sumba Khanbo Yeshibaljur in the 18th century.Taking the book Galbaragcha Modon as an empirical object,we focus on its historical thought,thinking mode and research methods.Yeshibaljur was proficient in five branches of Buddhism and wrote many works in his whole life.Galbaragcha Modon is one of his representative academic works,occupying an important position in his historical achievements.Although Galbaragcha Modon is an ontological work of religious history,it involves many related historical contents of India,Tibet,China and Mongolia,and contains extremely precious historical information,which can be regarded as an important historical achievement of Yeshibaljur.Therefore,it has certain academic values to study the writing form,rule method and historical thought of this work to clarify one side of the middle Mongolian history.  相似文献   

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同美 《民族学刊》2016,7(5):21-27,103-104
This article is the fourth article re-lated to the research of “Zhangzhung·rGyalron· Sanxingdui and Jinsha”—Tibetan cultural interpre-tations of relics unearthed in Sanxingdui and Jin-sha. The main focus of the article is Tibetan cul-tural interpretations of the vertical-eyed bronze mask and the copper statue of a man with an ani-mal head crown in Sanxingdui Museum. 1 . Vertical-eyed bronze mask and Miwo Lon-glong The bronze cultural relics unearthed in Sanx-ingdui or even Jinsha have broad and deep links to ancient Tibetan culture. The vertical-eyed bronze mask is the most typical of the numerous bronze objects depicting human heads. In the following discussion, we would like to give an interpretation of the symbolic meaning of the bronze objects de-picting human heads. In order to draw inferences about other cases from one instance, we would like to choose two typical cases: choosing the vertical-eyed bronze mask as our model of cultural relic, and choosing langshi jiazu ( the Lang family clan) as our model of Tibetan ancient literature. It is generally stated that the eyes of the verti-cal-eyed bronze mask kept in Sanxingdui museum roughly meets the appearance of the Shu people ’ s ancestors, the Cancong, who are recorded as hav-ing “vertical eyes” in the historical books. Some people also believe that “vertical eyes” means“upright eyes”, just like the eye in the forehead of the God Erlang in Chinese ancient myth, so the image might be a statue of an ancestor god. Addi-tionally, some connect it with the frontlet of kuilong ( a sacred dragon in Chinese myth ) , and believe that it is related to zhulong( another sacred dragon in Chinese myth) who has a human head, a dragon ( snake) body, and “upright eyes”. Langshi Jiazu is an important document for studying the political and religious unification sys-tem in Tibetan areas during the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, meanwhile, it is also an essential material for the study of the Gesar Epic. Langshi Jiazu was published by Xizang renmin chubanshe ( Tibet People ’ s Publishing House ) for the first time in May, 1986, and the whole book is com-posed of three parts. From the perspective of the ancient Indian centralism and Tibetan centralism, Langshi Jiazu has many unique parts, and its con-tent has an unusual connection with rGyarong in the southeastern part of Tibetan areas. For in-stance , the content of the fist part is very similar to shengniao xiongqiongwang zhuang ( Biography of the Sacred Bird Garuda) recently discovered in the rGyarong area. There is a myth in Langshi Jiazu, and the sto-ry is very common in Bon literature. The academic circle calls it the Bon religion’ s view on the crea-tion of world—the universe is oviparous. Most scholars believe that the view of oviparous creation of the world in Bon religion might be Tibetan peo-ple’ s own cognition. We provide translations to some content included in the Langshi Jiazu, and compare them with the vertical-eyed bronze mask, and notice some information which has been ig-
nored by the current academic circle. For in-stance, the vertical-eyed bronze mask symbolizes“”, Chinese phonetic translation Miwo Longlong, which means “may all your wishes be-come truth”. 2 . Copper statue of a man with an animal head crown in the Bon Religion The copper statue of a man with an animal head crown kept in Sanxingdui Museum is not com-plete, with only the upper part of the body remai-ning. The statue wears an animal head crown. On the two sides of the top crown, there stands two an-imal ears, in between of which there is a curly decoration which looks like an elephant ’ s nose. Apart from the previously-mentioned characteris-tics of the sacred bird Gaguda, the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown also has several other outstanding features, for instance, its crown and posture. The crown is not only high, but also has a rectangular hole, on the top of which there are three long strips. The statue is posed in a grasping gesture. This paper gives firstly an overall interpreta-tion of the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown according to the shengniao xiongqiong-wang zhuang, then gives a Tibetan cultural inter-pretation of the details of the statue. Concerning the knowledge of the three long strips on the crown of the copper statue, this article finds some clues from the angle of philology and archaeology, and proves that the origin of this crown is the sacred hat in Bon religion of Tibet. Moreover, this article also discusses the reason why the crown has these three strips on top of it. The author mentions that it is related to the sacred bird Garuda, and the three strips respectively represent the two wings and horn of the bird. In other words, the strips on the right and left side symbolizes the bird opening its wings and viewing the world, while the strip in the mid-
dle symbolizes that the sacred bird is male, not fe-male. From one aspect, the head dress of adult women in the rGyarong area symbolizes the sacred bird Garuda, and from another aspect, in Tibetan culture, including rGyarong culture, only the sa-cred male bird Garuda has the horn. That means the sacred bird Garuda with a horn must be a male one. Concerning the vertical-eyed bronze mask and the copper statue of a man with an animal head crown unearthed in Sanxingdui, there are still many details that need to be explored, and also we feel that it could be differently interpreted. Howev-er, due to the limitations of space, we will not do a long discussion here, but we do hope that from the examples provided in this article, one can draw inferences about other cases from this one in-stance.  相似文献   

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许洪位 《民族学刊》2016,7(3):62-72,119-120
After 60 years of implementation, the ethnic regional autonomous policy has provided basic political support for promoting the common development and prosperity of all ethnic groups. Especially since the period of “Reform and Open-ing Up” began, the national preferential policies and support for ethnic minority areas gradually in-creased, and economic and social development in the ethnic minority areas clearly speeded up. Ac-cording to official statistics, after more than 30 years of “Reform and Opening Up”, the economic growth rate of China’s ethnic minority areas is high-er than the national average. However, at the same time , the economic and social development gap be-tween different ethnic groups has become more and more pronounced. The development of the ethnic groups has created a structure of multiple dispari-ties, which fundamentally restricts ethnic unity, as well as political and social stability in ethnic areas of China. This structure of multiple disparities re-flects the imbalances mainly in four aspects: 1 ) the ongoing large gap between the ethnic minority areas and Han Chinese regions remains; 2 ) the unequal economic and social development among the various ethnic minority people has expanded;3 ) the economic gap within the same ethnic minor-ity autonomous region has gradually become more pronounced;and, 4 ) the differences in develop-ment within the same ethnic group who live in vari-ous regions of China are also very obvious. The multiple inequalities of the economic and social development of China’s ethnic groups add more complexity to the ethnic problems of China. The disparity in economic and social development between different ethnic groups is not only an eco-nomic problem, but is also a significant political issue. Hence, promoting a balanced economic and social development among the various ethnic groups has a very obvious practical significance for main-taining ethnic unity, promoting national integra-tion, and maintaining national stability . Based on the discussion above, this article mainly explores which kind of ethnic policy can ef-fectively resolve the multiple disparities found with-in ethnic development and is beneficial for promo-ting the integration of the various ethnic groups in China? On the basis of summarizing and reviewing approaches found in earlier research, the author puts forward the following core ideas:1 ) The economic and social development differences of various ethnic groups have formed a pattern of multiple disparities in China, and it is no longer simply a gap between the Han and ethnic minorities. Since the implementation of the “Re-form and Opening Up” policy, the differentiation or disparity between China’s ethnic minorities has become more and more pronounced—this phenom-enon constitutes a new challenge to China’s ethnic unity and national unification. Therefore, we must adjust ethnic policy in order to solve the “true problem” or “new problem” concerning China’s ethnic problem. 2 ) The multi-faceted disparities found in the economic and social development among China’s ethnic minorities result from many factors, inclu-ding institutional, policy, historical, geographical, cultural, and psychological. Therefore, we must realize a diversity of ethnic policy, and build a comprehensive ethnic policy system. 3 ) For the purpose of realizing the integration and state construction of the ethnic groups, in ad-dition to implementing the current policy of differ-entiation, we must also ensure a “four balanced and coordinated development”. This includes a balance between the Han areas and ethnic minority areas, a balance among the various ethnic minori-ties themselves, a balance within the same ethnic minority areas, and a balance within the same eth-nic group who live in different areas. This requires the central government to strengthen a double dif-ferentiation and collaborative orientation of ethnic policies concerning the market, labor, resources, technology, and capital.  相似文献   

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钟洁 《民族学刊》2017,8(1):32-37,101-102
The ethnic regions of Western Chi ̄na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re ̄sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec ̄ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi ̄ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi ̄ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab ̄lishment of an ecological compensation mecha ̄nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev ̄els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer ̄tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit ̄imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta ̄cles. At present, the core research issue on eco ̄logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al ̄ready clearly stated in official documents from cen ̄tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization.  相似文献   

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2018年以来,随着《推普脱贫攻坚行动计划(2018—2020)》的发布,“语言扶贫”逐渐被学界关注,“扶贫先扶智,扶智先通语”成为共识。通过“语言扶贫”,可以最大限度地让普通话与规范汉字在精准扶贫工作中发挥“语言红利”。因此,应该提升农村与少数民族地区普通话普及率,规范汉字使用水平。依据语言调查结果,结合个案研究数据,对西藏国家通用语言文字的使用现状、存在问题进行了描述与分析。从西藏的特殊区情与语言使用情况出发,提出了在西藏普及国家通用语言文字策略,为西藏地区普及国家通用语言文字、提升文化教育素质、推进现实经济发展与文化脱贫提供了有效的建议。  相似文献   

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刘蔚 《西藏研究》2020,(1):38-43
块数据,正深刻地改变着人们的生产生活方式。在特定空间范围内,基于块数据对人、事、物所在的各行业或领域的海量数据融合,逐渐被应用到城市社区治理中。西藏自治区作为我国重要的安全屏障,基层社区的安全稳定关系到整体国家安全。立足当前西藏城市社区构建的“三级平台、四级管理”网格化治理平台,西藏自治区城市社区施行了基于空间地理、社会个体、政府、企业块数据融合的多元化、立体化治理。  相似文献   

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西藏农牧区的茶叶消费:一种身心生态的微观视角   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
赵国栋 《西藏研究》2021,(1):95-102
茶叶是西藏日常生活的重要元素,近年来,西藏农牧区茶叶消费呈现明显变化。在茶叶消费中,茶的药用功能和氟摄入量的威胁值得高度关注。茶馆是农牧区茶叶消费的一面镜子,反映出牧区消费的结构性变化。从身心生态的视角解读农牧区茶叶消费的变化可以建构起"疾病-健康"的分析框架,在该框架中,农牧区饮食文化的变迁应被高度关注。  相似文献   

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许可峰 《西藏研究》2020,(1):145-152
西藏高校大学生,无论是西藏生源还是内地生源,无论是在农牧区就业还是在城镇就业,都可以而且应该是祖国神圣国土的守护者和西藏幸福家园的建设者。在新时代,西藏高校大学生需要“下得去,留得住,用得上”的精神,但是“下得去”是人生起点,“上得来”是人生目标;“留得住”不仅靠感情,更要靠本事;“用得上”需要高校针对两地生源、两地就业的现实,开展全面的人才培养模式改革。对两地生源、两地就业的西藏高校大学生的培养,都要强调城乡结合、区内外结合、传统与现代结合。  相似文献   

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“Unveiled or Unemployed”—that is the verdict for many women with Muslim migration background in the German employment sector. Since the infamous “headscarf case” of Fereshta Ludin, who was denied a teaching position at a public school in the state of Baden-Württemberg due to her wearing the headscarf in 1998, institutional actions by the legislature and the judiciary on religiously affiliated clothing, such as the headscarf, have framed debates on immigration, integration, and employment in the country. This article examines the German employment sector as a space for integration and makes suggestions for an optimization of employment integration for women with Muslim migration background. I propose that optimized employment integration necessitates a holistic approach that begins with a coherent legal–institutional framework and a corresponding unified enforcement thereof. I argue that the current legal–institutional framework and its enforcement present significant structural challenges in the employment integration of women with Muslim migration background, especially as it concerns the headscarf. Integration to the employment sector can only begin with and be sustained upon an “integration friendly” legal–institutional framework that does not allow for unequal treatment under exceptional circumstances and that is not enforced on an ad hoc basis. My claim is premised on the understanding of integration as a structural matter that requires a legal–institutional framework upon which state accommodation, considerate of a diverse society and demographic changes, can take place.  相似文献   

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察瓦龙,是西藏东南部察隅县境内的一个行政乡,位于怒江中上游卡瓦格博神山西侧脚下,与西藏芒康、左贡以及云南德钦、贡山、独龙江相邻。由于地处偏远地区,察瓦龙鲜为被外界所知,故出现不少误读其历史文化之现象。其中,关于“察瓦龙”这一地名称谓来源,目前以“炎热的峡谷地区”作为解释见诸著作、论文、游记等,然此释义尚似乎有望文生义、错讹阙漏之嫌。  相似文献   

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项目援助与西藏经济发展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文讨论了援助西藏项目的成就与局限。作者通过个案调查和文献资料梳理发现,援助西藏的经济建设项目取得了巨大成就,但项目的社会和经济效益表现得参差多态。由政府主导资源配置实施的项目援藏,强化了计划经济,导致资源配置的低效,有可能带来援助依赖。  相似文献   

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驻藏帮办大臣温宗尧在西藏任职只有一年两个月,他在筹藏策略方面与驻藏办事大臣联豫产生较大分歧。温宗尧筹藏最令人注目的行动,是与西藏地方上层统治者谈判,并达成七条协议。此协议不被联豫认可,亦最终被清中央政府否决。宣统二年(1910年)正月,十三世达赖出走拉萨,得知消息的温宗尧建议联豫迅速采取行动进行阻拦,这反映了他筹藏时还有强硬的一面。温宗尧《咨请川督代奏维持西藏大局折》,对当时西藏地方所面临的英、俄两国威胁与侵略的形势,均有相当准确的分析与判断,这与他关注英俄对西藏地方博弈情形及通晓外交有密切关系。  相似文献   

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Many Americans endorse a colorblind racial ideology, meaning they strive to “not see race” and emphasize sameness and equal distribution of resources across racial lines. Currently, there is an absence of studies examining the personality and individual difference correlates of racial colorblindness. The current study investigated the association between three different aspects of racial colorblindness (unawareness of racial privilege, unawareness of institutional discrimination, and unawareness of blatant racism) and the Big 5, empathy, and aggression in white undergraduates. Our results revealed two divergent patterns. Unawareness of racial privilege was related to lower openness and perspective taking, but more empathic concern, whereas unawareness of blatant racism and unawareness of institutional discrimination were related to lower agreeableness, perspective taking, and empathic concern. These results are discussed in relation to the broader literature on prejudice and personality.  相似文献   

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张媚玲  邹念琴 《民族学刊》2018,9(4):39-49, 108-111
关于泰-傣诸族群的问题,国内外学者已有了百余年的研究,主要侧重于环东南沿海直至与云南、东南亚相连接区域,且国别区隔明显。对于滇藏缅印交角地区泰-傣诸族群的研究,尚未得见系统、整体性的成果面世。本文拟围绕涉及该交角区泰-傣诸族群的族源、迁徙流动及族际关系等三个方面的零散研究进行梳理并加以评述,以期从整体联动性的视野对泰-傣诸族群在滇藏缅印交角区的研究空间做进一步深入拓展,同时,针对后续研究提出建议:族源问题有待进一步廓清;以地缘政治及文明交汇区域为整体历史背景的长时段探究有待开启;相关文献资料的搜集、翻译和整理有待深化;小尺度地域空间的微观研究有待推进;开展多学科交叉的综合研究。  相似文献   

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