甘肃民族地区大开发的总体思路和战略设计

本文以西部大开发为背景，主要探讨了甘肃省民族地区大开发的基本条件和制约因素，提出了大开发的总体思路和战略设计。认为甘肃民族地区的大开发应分为近期与中长期两个大的阶段，其中近期开发的战略目标是以彻底改变基础条件为重点，集中解决好结构调整、生态环境、科技教育、财政扭补等基础性问题，为中长期大开发作好准备。     

西部大开发与民族高等教育的发展问题

西部大开发是我国面向21世纪作出的重大战略决策。本文分析了西部地区民族高等教育在现代市场经济和知识经济条件下实施的西部大开发中面临的发展机遇与挑战,认为西部大开发和西部地区民族高等教育应该相互促进和协调发展,并根据实施西部大开发的基础、根本、关键和重要条件,提出了发展民族高等教育的一些对策和建议。     

区域回族史的开拓性研究──《中南地区回族史》评介

80年代以来，中国回族史的研究，通过一大批学者们探幽发微，聚精囊粹、呈现百花争妍的态势。新疆人民出版社1995年6月出版了由答振益、许宪隆主编的《中南地区回族史》，就是回族史领域新近开放的一朵奇葩。《中南地区回族史》系国家民委八五重点资助项目的结集成果，全书共分八章，从中国历史整体角度俯瞰中南地区回族，全面系统地论述了中南地区回族社会、政治、经济、文化教育各方面的发展变化。通观、纵览全书，它有以下几个显著特点；1．开拓性中南地区自古以来就是我国许多民族流徙的历史通道，各民族不断地南下北上、东走西行，造成…     

西部大开发需要借鉴国际经验

在世界近现代史上,美国、日本、俄罗斯等国家先后对不发达地区进行了大规模开发,从而带动了本国经济的大发展,具备了问鼎世界的实力。在此过程中,这些国家积累了一些成功的经验,也有一些教训,都值得我们实施西部大开发时予以借鉴。立法先行一些发达国家在开发欠发达地区时都首先制定相关法律,来吸引资金、技术、人才。如美国在１９世纪为开发西部出台《鼓励西部植树法》、《沙漠土地法》等法律,大大推动了西部开发的进程;在２０世纪６０年,又相继颁布《地区再开发法》、《加速公共工程法》、《公共工程与经济开发法》等一系列重要法律,使西…     

西部大开发应抓住机遇、选好亮点

在即将进入２１世纪之际，我国西部地区又迎来了大开发的希望时期。值此经济发展的转折点，进行正确的战略策划，选准经济快速发展启动的亮点途径，这是西部地区能否尽快提高其在全国地位的关键。 一、西部迎来大开发机遇的规律分析 （一）热点地区周期转移规律使西部大开发恰好应在２１世纪初 地区发展在特定阶段经常会有活跃时期，我们将处于这一时期的地区称为热点地区。热点地区具有周期转移的规律性，依转移周期，在不同时期热点地区会落在不同区位。 回顾我国生产力布局的发展历史，解放前现代工业主要偏集于东部狭长的沿海地带，辽阔…     

大开发要思想大解放

作为我国着眼于21世纪可持续发展的重大举措，西部大开发是党中央面向新世纪作出的一个重大战略决策，对于发展广大西部经济，巩固边防，维护民族团结和国家统一具有十分重要的意义。在深入西部民族地区采访的过程中，切身感受到广大西部干部群众投身西部大开发的高涨的工作热情，但也看到体制的弊端、观念的陈旧，大大制约了开发进程，造成人力、物力的巨大浪费，甚至有可能引导整个开发过程走向弯路。 我们应该认识到，西部大开发实际上应该是西部大开放，对于西部人来说更是一次思想解放的历史机遇。在加大对外开放力度的同时，西部发展…     

实施西部大开发 促进各民族共同繁荣

朱基总理在政府工作报告中突出提到了实施西部地区大开发的战略和加快中西部地区发展问题,并提出财政投入要向中西部地区的基础设施建设、科技和教育设施建设、环境整治与生态建设、企业技术改造等方面倾斜。这表明,西部大开发战略已经作为今年政府工作的一个重点,摆上了议事日程。西部广大人民群众盼望已久的大开发战略正式开始实施了。实施西部大开发战略,加快中西部地区的发展,是以江泽民同志为核心的党中央,根据邓小平同志关于我国现代化建设“两个大局的战略思想”,高瞻远瞩,总揽全局,面向新世纪,作出的重大战略决策。中央关于实施西…     

西部大开发与民族地区图书馆发展战略探索

本文从阐述西部大开发进程中西部民族地区图书馆发展战略的着眼点入手 ,分析论证了西部民族地区图书馆发展现状以及制定与西部民族地区相适应的图书馆发展的战略目标和战略措施     

图书馆与西部大开发

本文论述了图书馆在西部大开发中的重要地位,西部图书馆应在提高人们的科学文化素质、加快信息流通等方面为振兴西部地区文化经济服务,东部地区图书馆在开展宣传、对口支援、捐书助学、送书下乡等活动中为西部大开发服务.     

西部大开发与广西民族团结进步

本文认为 ,广西是地处边疆的少数民族地区 ,由于历史和自然条件等方面的原因 ,经济社会发展相对落后 ,如不加快发展 ,势必影响社会主义民族关系的巩固和发展。实施西部大开发给广西少数民族地区的发展和各民族的共同繁荣进步带来了历史性机遇。广西应抓住机遇 ,在基础设施建设、调整产业结构、搞好生态环境保护等方面做好工作。同时进一步完善民族区域自治制度 ,加强民族法制建设、加快发展民族教育、大力培养民族干部、为西部大开发创造良好的条件 ,用以推进民族团结进步事业     

可持续发展与西部大开发

本文联系实际,重点阐述了可持续发展理论的由来及其内涵,指出西部大开发必须走可持续发展道路,西部各省市自治区必须高举十六大旗帜,实施可持续发展战略,西部地区才能跳出贫困怪圈,全面建设小康社会,加快推进社会主义现代化建设。     

项目援助与西藏经济发展

本文讨论了援助西藏项目的成就与局限。作者通过个案调查和文献资料梳理发现,援助西藏的经济建设项目取得了巨大成就,但项目的社会和经济效益表现得参差多态。由政府主导资源配置实施的项目援藏,强化了计划经济,导致资源配置的低效,有可能带来援助依赖。     

论科学发展观与民族地区经济社会发展

民族地区是中国经济社会发展相对滞后的地区.建国以后,尤其是改革开放以来,通过国家的大力支持和各民族的努力,民族地区的经济发展取得了令人瞩目的成就.但是,随着市场经济体制改革的进一步深化,西部民族地区与东部地区的发展差距越来越大,促使我们反思传统发展观对民族地区经济社会发展的影响.而科学发展观的提出和确立,为民族地区打破传统发展观的束缚提供了理论指导.当然,更重要的是要在西部开发中落实和贯彻科学发展观,实现民族地区经济社会的全面、协调、可持续发展.     

论大规模开发阶段的西部大开发立法

根据战略部署和安排,2006年起我国的西部大开发进入大规模开发阶段.经济开发,法制先行,是世界上多数国家开发落后地区的成功经验.西部开发已由政策指导上升为法律规制阶段,以专门立法促进、保障大规模开发势在必行.本文从国家立法和地方立法两个层面,探讨大规模开发阶段西部大开发立法的相关问题.     

中国电子出版物发展的瓶颈及对策

中国的电子出版目前仍然存在规模偏小、市场份额少、创新能力低,产业布局不合理等问题.要突破这些瓶颈,必须采取一些措施:制定产业宏观发展战略;加强知识产权保护;扶持产业发展;加大执法力度;规范技术标准;更新理念,整合资源,形成合力;降低成本,提高出版物的市场价格竞争力等.     

民族地区的反贫困与经济可持续发展

本文论证了民族地区反贫困与经济可持续发展的关系,指出大力开展扶贫工作,特别是加大对贫困问题极为突出的少数民族地区的扶贫治贫工作,清除贫困,是我国政府实施可持续发展战略的一项重要任务。少数民族地区在反贫困,实施可持续发展战略过程中,面临农业基础脆弱,生态环境失衡;人口数量增长快,人力资本水平低;经济发展水平低;基础设施落后,社会发育程度低;投入不足,资金供求矛盾突出;非正式制度约束严重等制约因素。在反贫困、实现经济社会可持续发展的战略选择上,一方面要加快少数民族地区的经济开发进程,实现少数民族地区整体经济实力的增长和自我发展能力的提高;另一方面,要瞄准民族地区的贫困人口,使贫困人口成为反贫困的直接受益者。因此,必须在实现民族地区整体经济增长的战略目标时,正确处理效率与公平的关系,努力实现各民族的共同发展繁荣。     

试论石柱县人口的发展变化

本文叙述了建国后石柱县各阶段人口发展的情形以及目前石柱县的人口生育模式等人口状况。研究分析表明，影响石柱县人口发展变化的主要因素是经济和政策因素；在不同时期，这两种因素所起的作用是不同的；而在现今的石柱县，政策因素对人口发展的影响占据着主导地位。     

中国少数民族发展研究新思路--《民族与发展:新的现代化追赶战略》评介

党的十六大报告已经明确规定了未来中国现代化发展的目标,就是全面建设小康社会。全面建设小康社会的基本思路,就是要在“共同富裕”的过程中以更快的速度加快缩小日益扩大的地区发展差距,而加快缩小地区发展差距的重点和难点又在于如何加快缩小少数民族聚居地区与内地汉族聚居地区之间的发展差距。国家民委民族问题研究中心温军博士的研究专著《民族与发展:新的现代化追赶战略》一书(清华大学出版社2 0 0 4年1月出版) ,为少数民族聚居地区如何加快缩小发展差距提供了一个全新的发展思路和政策背景。(一)问题与背景中国的基本国情是地区发展…     

西部大开发以来民族地区的经济发展与未来展望

西部大开发战略实施以来,民族地区经济持续平稳快速增长,经济结构不断得到优化,城乡居民生活持续改进,但是,相对于全国平均水平和东部发达地区,民族地区的经济发展还处于比较滞后的状态,民族地区经济发展的任务还很艰巨。当前和今后一个时期,必须继续全面深入推进西部大开发战略,坚持以改革开放为动力,加快转变经济发展方式,进一步处理好经济追赶和社会发展、生态环境建设的关系,努力实现经济高速持续增长的同时,要特别注意通过经济增长创造就业机会与其他发展机会,特别强调发展机会的平等,实现和谐发展和共享型发展。     

“五个发展”理念与民族地区经济社会全面发展研究

Development is the master key for resolving various problems in ethnic areas. During the process of development, we must have correct principles of development. During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, it was acknowledged that the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, resolving its challenges, and grasping the advantages of development in ethnic areas must firmly establish and thoroughly conduct the development concepts of innovation, coordina￣tion, green, openness and sharing. This article presents an evaluation framework of the “five de￣velopment” concept, and then evaluates the devel￣opment status of ethnic areas. Based on the results of this evaluation, it proposes approaches for inno￣vation, coordination, green development, open￣ness, and sharing in ethnic areas.
Innovation is the first driving force in guiding development;coordination is the requirement for a sustainable and healthy development; green or“green development” is a necessary condition for sustainable development and important for people’s pursuit of a good life;openness is the only road for a country’s prosperity and development; and sha￣ring is the basic requirement of socialism with Chi￣nese characteristics. This paper analyzes the status of innovation in ethnic areas from the innovations of products, technology, markets and systems, etc. And, it discovers that the general level of innova￣tion in the eight ethnic provinces and districts of China ( Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai) is low, and that the development of innovation is unbal￣anced. Compared with the national average, devel￣opment in these areas lags far behind. For the pur￣pose of maintaining constant economic growth in the ethnic areas, and chasing after the level of de￣veloped areas, the input in innovation must be in￣creased, and the structure of innovation must be further optimized so that innovation becomes an im￣portant driving force in economic development. Realizing innovative development in ethnic areas must depend on the effort of constructing its own learning ability. Laborers should get good educa￣tion, good infrastructure should be built, and good innovation environmental programs should be crea￣ted with the investment of the government.
Realization of harmonious regional develop￣ment is the basic purpose of China’s regional devel￣opment strategy. Understanding this from the angle of economics, the concept of coordination at least should include coordination among three elements, i. e. time, departments and space. The concept of coordination for development should be realized through market mechanisms in the competitive en￣vironment, or through the rational intervention of the government. The concept of coordination for development discussed here mainly refers to the development of coordination of different regions and of urban and rural areas. Seeing from the perspec￣tive of harmonious regional development, the de￣velopment in the eight ethnic provinces and dis￣tricts is actually imbalanced. In addition, urban-rural relationship is another important aspect of re￣gional coordination development. The imbalanced development between urban and rural areas in Chi￣na is not only reflected in income, but is even more reflected in basic public services. The ap￣proaches for realizing the development of regional coordination in ethnic areas should 1 ) be com￣bined with an economic support belt, and impor￣tant lines of communication;2 ) guide the popula￣tion and economic activities to move to important regions for development;and 3 ) take a path of in￣clusive and green urbanization.
Green development is a basic element for sus￣tainable development. The purpose of green devel￣opment is to get solid growth, and avoid unsustain￣able models. Green development will make the re￣sources efficient, clean and resilient in the process of development. Green development requires con￣sidering the environmental capacity or resource carrying capacity while pushing economic develop￣ment. There are three factors in green growth, that it be: efficient, clean and resilient. Green devel￣opment in ethnic areas is decided by its ecological location. Generally speaking, compared with the national level, both the efficiency of resource usage and carbon emission in ethnic areas is low; and environmental resilience is very different in various areas. Increasing the resource usage rate and re￣ducing carbon emission are the main approaches for realizing green development in ethnic areas. The rich natural resources in ethnic areas are only a potential advantage, and not an economic advan￣tage in reality. For the purpose of turning rich nat￣ural resources into an economic advantage, and u￣sing them to promote the regional economic devel￣opment, one should depend on the property rights structure of natural resources, regional conditions of the area, the exploitation cost, the local tech￣niques for transforming natural resources, and the market conditions. We should strive to develop green ecological economics, and realize the“Three-Wins” in growth, poverty alleviation, and ecolo￣gy. According to the ecological advantages of the ethnic areas, as well as their ecological position in the whole country, we should rapidly develop green ecological industries ( eco-agriculture, eco-tourism, eco -industry ) , and make ecological economics become the important source for increas￣ing the income of the poor population. This should be done by taking the rare ecological resources as the base, the market needs as guidance, the mod￣ern business model as the carrier, and social cap￣ital as the driving force. Moreover, we should make plans for green development , make clear its goals and steps, and implement the Green Industry Approach. We should enhance ecological construc￣tion and protection; and initiate new progress in ecological civilization and poverty alleviation.
Openness or opening up is an inevitable course for the prosperity and development of a country or a district. Openness in ethnic areas in￣cludes both external and internal openness. Exter￣nal openness is opening up to other countries or districts, and internal openness is opening up to other areas within China. It could be noticed that external openness in the eight provinces and dis￣tricts of ethnic areas in China is imbalanced. So, we should integrate it with the construction strategy of the “One Belt and One Road” program, and construct a new external opening up framework in an all-round way. Ethnic areas are core areas of and an important foundation for constructing of the Silk Road economic belt, and the 21st -century Maritime Silk Road. The ethnic areas should im￣plement more actively the strategy of openness, and improve the strategic framework of opening up externally, construct new, open economic systems, expand new, open economic spaces so as to build the ethnic areas into important bridgeheads and create vital border economic belts opened to the west, north, and south of China.
Sharing the results of development by various ethnic groups, and realizing a common prosperity are the requirements of socialism. The nature of sharing development is inclusive, fair and benefi￣cial. It further clarifies the keynotes of the rela￣tionship between development and the people, and re-emphasizes that improving the benefits of the people, promoting the people’s development in all-round ways are starting points and goals of de￣velopment. Poverty alleviation is the key in sharing development in the ethnic areas. The Central Pov￣erty Alleviation and Development Work Conference proposed that “ the goal of poverty alleviation dur￣ing ‘the 13 th Five-Year Plan’ is to win the battle against poverty, which includes ensuring food, clothing, compulsory education, basic medical service and housing security for the poor by 2020.” Furthermore,“precise poverty alleviation”is the basic strategy for fulfilling this goal. The foundation of “precise poverty alleviation” is to i￣dentify poverty precisely, and to judge whether it belongs to income poverty or poverty by chance. Speaking from policy choice, we need to strength￣en the self-development capability of poor popu￣lations; speaking from project choice, we should evaluate whether it is pro -poor or pro -growth;speaking from industrial development, we should consider both the market choice and governmental support;and, speaking from spacial layout, a con￣cept of sharing in development should be realized within centralized equalization.