增长极理论视角下的广西少数民族聚居区发展——广西建设民族团结进步模范区研究之二

增长极理论是当代西方发展经济学和区域经济学的主流观点,是许多国家和地区制定区域经济发展政策的一个重要理论依据。本文以增长极理论的视角,深入分析了广西少数民族聚居区的发展条件,提出了该地区培育增长极的对策建议。     

老挝北部山区阿卡人移居坝区历程的人类学考察

在国家化进程中往往会出现文化的碰撞和文明的冲突与融合.20世纪90年代,老挝琅南塔省勐新县政府推行的旨在加强国家对山地民族的管理、并试图以坝区“文明”规训山区“野蛮”的山地民族移居坝区政策随山地民族拒绝下山而宣告失败.随后,政府开展山区的禁毒工作,推动坝区的“替代种植”产业和打工市场的发展.这才使丧失经济来源的山地民族阿卡人下山寻找新出路.移居坝区的阿卡人在不断寻求经济生活改善的同时,也在主动进行文化调适以融入“文明”进程,并力图在国家化进程中获得更大的权益.     

充分发挥自身优势 加快民族地区经济发展

<正> 党的十四届五中全会明确提出,从“九五”开始,要更加重视支持中西部的发展,实行有利于缓解差距扩大的政策,并逐步加大工作力度,积极朝着缩小差距的方向努力。这标志着我国的区域政策已从“沿海倾斜”战略进入到了一个以“区域协调”求发展的新阶段。具体来说,就是要加快中西部地区经济的发展,缩小东西部差距。东西部差距是一个经济问题,但在我们这个统一的多民族国家里,由于社会历史发展的原因,东部地区主要是汉族聚居地区,西部地区基     

抓好市场建设 发展山区经济

<正> 发展社会主义市场经济,建立和完善社会主义市场体系,必须抓好市场建设。几年来,湖南靖州县把市场建设纳入山地综合开发的整体格局,将市场建设与产业开发紧密结合起来,走贸工农一体化发展路子,以此推动山地开发和县域经济的发展。 一、多元投入,抓好市场建设,为山区经济发展驶进快车道创造条件 在市场建设中,靖州县坚持“政府领导,多家兴建,工商管理”的原则,制订了“谁投资,谁受益”的政策,鼓励和调动社会各方面兴商建市场的积极性。一是充分发挥国营、集     

从“支援边缘”到“自生中心”——“一带一路”视域下西部大开发的经济地理空间

西部大开发持续多年,是中央政府支持下的边缘地区扶贫项目,通过一系列政策倾斜和优惠,西部地区取得了显著成就.但是,西部大开发并未改善西部地区在区域发展的不利地位,反而出现“东西部失衡” “西部省份内部失衡” “西部中心城市与中小城镇失衡”等多元区域失衡样态.说明过度依赖外部扶贫并无法改变西部地区的经济地理空间,反而固化了西部地区在国家社会一体发展中的边缘位置.“一带一路”倡议拓展了西部地区发展的经济地理空间,有效推进了西部地区的“去边缘化”过程,使其从国家经济社会格局的“边缘位置”变成“中心枢纽”. 在新一轮西部大开发中,西部地区有可能成为社会经济发展的中心区,开发政策应致力于西部自生发展,做好地方客观条件与主观能动性、市场竞争与宏观调控的双重匹配,抓住西部地区发展的共性问题并兼顾地方多样性,继而有效促进西部地区的全面、可持续发展.     

资源诅咒、后发优势与民族地区经济跨越式发展探讨

民族地区经济社会的发展不仅关系到我国整体的发展，更关系着我国经济、社会的长期繁荣与稳定。在新的历史条件、新的历史要求下，民族地区的经济发展面临着巨大的发展困境。由于产业产品同质化、产业结构不合理以及缺乏有效的区域协调，民族地区自然资源的开发带来了“资源诅咒”效应。然而作为经济发展的落后地区，民族地区在技术性、制度性、产业结构、市场敏感度、政策等方面又具有后发优势。因此，民族地区应抓住“一带一路”、实施区域协调发展战略的新契机，充分挖掘自己所具有的独特的后发优势，深化经济体制改革，严格控制新增产能；真正转变政府职能，积极为地方经济结构调整、产业转型服务；大力发展民族地区的特色产业，培育民族地区的新增长点；始终坚持走绿色经济的发展道路，通过智力扶贫或科教扶贫的理念引领民族地区绿色经济的发展；促进民族地区经济发展的对外开放交流合作水平进一步提升。     

西部民族地区教育均衡发展的新战略

本文通过分析探讨西部大开发的战略思想、教育均衡发展的相关理念及西部民族地区教育非均衡发展现状 ,指出西部民族地区的教育发展与全国平均水平和东部水平相比 ,都存在着较为明显的非均衡发展问题 ;必须通过进一步强化政府的教育主体责任、建立“西部民族地区教育优先发展区”、促进民族教育与区域经济协调发展等政策 ,实现西部民族教育的均衡发展战略     

中央政府在欠发达地区经济市场化进程中的作用

我国欠发达地区经济市场化就是要建立现代市场经济体制，就是让市场在资源配置中发挥基础性作用，政府就是弥补市场功能的不足，从而促进欠发达地区的发展。但是，由于我国区域内市场发育程度东西差异很大，因此中央政府在不同的区域就应该发挥不同的作用，以实现区域间的均衡发展。这是因为，在市场经济条件下，市场机制追求利润最大化，资源配置遵循效益优先的原则，它无法自动调节生产要素在区域间的合理分布，实现区域经济的协调发展。从我国欠发达地区经济市场化的现实发展看，中央政府的作用主要表现在： 推进市场化改革。不同于西方…     

湖南师范大学经济研究所所长、教授刘茂松——湖南西部地区工业化战略问题

目前我们已进入经济全球化和信息化为标志的21世纪，这为湖南和湖南西部工业化的发展，提供了一个有利于充分发挥后发优势的外部经济环境。在这种情况下，西部地区完全可以而且也必须选择工业化赶超发展战略。初步考虑，这个 战略主要包括下述三个方面的内容： 1、区域经济增长极战略。　　实施经济增长极战略，是发展中地区工业化快速发展的成功道路。湖南西部地区的增长极可依枝柳和湘黔铁路干线，建设怀化、吉首、张家界三大极。怀化以交通电力和自然资源的优势，集中发展物流产业，并由此带动医药工业、电化学工业和林产工业；吉首以特…     

广西跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”后的发展问题

马克思曾经提出过经济文化落后国家不经过资本主义充分发展而直接进入社会主义的“卡夫丁峡谷”的设想。广西各族人民获得了跨越“卡夫丁峡谷”的历史性机遇，在很短时间内一跃而成为社会主义民族，并建立了民族经济体系和统一的民族市场，顺利地实现了自治区域经济起飞的目标。但跨越了“卡夫丁峡谷”后的广西各民族面临着区域经济增长质量不高，技术积累和资金积累能力低，在亚洲金融风波影响下对外开放事业发展缓慢，大西南出海通道对经济的烘托作用不突出，以及基础设施建设投入大但回报率低等问题，如不实行有效政策，广西将又失去一次发展机遇。作者提出了认真贯彻实施广西壮族自治区党委提出的区域经济、开放带动和重点突破“三大战略”，同时要在对自治区民族问题的认识、民族经济发展民族区域自治建设等方面实现新突破等对策性建议。     

论中阿合作论坛为回族聚居区域带来的发展机遇

中阿合作论坛建立了我国与阿拉伯联盟国家进行区域合作的法律机制。我国回族在历史、文化、宗教等方面与阿拉伯国家具有相近性和关联性,这些有利因素为我国回族开展与阿拉伯国家的交往活动、发展本地区和本民族的经济提供了有利条件。我国回族应该抓住机遇,加快经济发展。但是,中阿合作论坛建立的是一种较为松散的区域合作关系,缺乏实质性的法律制度保障。再加上我国国内法律制度不够完善,我国回族对外发展受到制约,因此,我国回族要实现与阿拉伯国家的交流与合作,发展对外经济合作关系,需要依靠我国与阿拉伯国家制定实质性法律制度加以保障,需要我国国内法律制度与措施的完善。     

西部大开发中的市场失灵与政府干预

西部地区发展存在着基础设施建设滞后、商业结构上游化生态条件脆弱、支柱产业的行政垄断、东西部协作信息不对称、东西部差距过大等诸多问题。单靠市场调节的力量,难以打破西部地区经济的结构刚性和体制障碍,需要加强政府干预。然而,加强政府干预并不必然是有效率的选择,只有在市场失灵的领域里,加强政府干预才有助于打破西部地区经济的结构刚性和体制障碍,实现区域经济协调发展的战略目标。     

“五个发展”理念与民族地区经济社会全面发展研究

Development is the master key for resolving various problems in ethnic areas. During the process of development, we must have correct principles of development. During the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, it was acknowledged that the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, resolving its challenges, and grasping the advantages of development in ethnic areas must firmly establish and thoroughly conduct the development concepts of innovation, coordina￣tion, green, openness and sharing. This article presents an evaluation framework of the “five de￣velopment” concept, and then evaluates the devel￣opment status of ethnic areas. Based on the results of this evaluation, it proposes approaches for inno￣vation, coordination, green development, open￣ness, and sharing in ethnic areas.
Innovation is the first driving force in guiding development;coordination is the requirement for a sustainable and healthy development; green or“green development” is a necessary condition for sustainable development and important for people’s pursuit of a good life;openness is the only road for a country’s prosperity and development; and sha￣ring is the basic requirement of socialism with Chi￣nese characteristics. This paper analyzes the status of innovation in ethnic areas from the innovations of products, technology, markets and systems, etc. And, it discovers that the general level of innova￣tion in the eight ethnic provinces and districts of China ( Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Tibet, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai) is low, and that the development of innovation is unbal￣anced. Compared with the national average, devel￣opment in these areas lags far behind. For the pur￣pose of maintaining constant economic growth in the ethnic areas, and chasing after the level of de￣veloped areas, the input in innovation must be in￣creased, and the structure of innovation must be further optimized so that innovation becomes an im￣portant driving force in economic development. Realizing innovative development in ethnic areas must depend on the effort of constructing its own learning ability. Laborers should get good educa￣tion, good infrastructure should be built, and good innovation environmental programs should be crea￣ted with the investment of the government.
Realization of harmonious regional develop￣ment is the basic purpose of China’s regional devel￣opment strategy. Understanding this from the angle of economics, the concept of coordination at least should include coordination among three elements, i. e. time, departments and space. The concept of coordination for development should be realized through market mechanisms in the competitive en￣vironment, or through the rational intervention of the government. The concept of coordination for development discussed here mainly refers to the development of coordination of different regions and of urban and rural areas. Seeing from the perspec￣tive of harmonious regional development, the de￣velopment in the eight ethnic provinces and dis￣tricts is actually imbalanced. In addition, urban-rural relationship is another important aspect of re￣gional coordination development. The imbalanced development between urban and rural areas in Chi￣na is not only reflected in income, but is even more reflected in basic public services. The ap￣proaches for realizing the development of regional coordination in ethnic areas should 1 ) be com￣bined with an economic support belt, and impor￣tant lines of communication;2 ) guide the popula￣tion and economic activities to move to important regions for development;and 3 ) take a path of in￣clusive and green urbanization.
Green development is a basic element for sus￣tainable development. The purpose of green devel￣opment is to get solid growth, and avoid unsustain￣able models. Green development will make the re￣sources efficient, clean and resilient in the process of development. Green development requires con￣sidering the environmental capacity or resource carrying capacity while pushing economic develop￣ment. There are three factors in green growth, that it be: efficient, clean and resilient. Green devel￣opment in ethnic areas is decided by its ecological location. Generally speaking, compared with the national level, both the efficiency of resource usage and carbon emission in ethnic areas is low; and environmental resilience is very different in various areas. Increasing the resource usage rate and re￣ducing carbon emission are the main approaches for realizing green development in ethnic areas. The rich natural resources in ethnic areas are only a potential advantage, and not an economic advan￣tage in reality. For the purpose of turning rich nat￣ural resources into an economic advantage, and u￣sing them to promote the regional economic devel￣opment, one should depend on the property rights structure of natural resources, regional conditions of the area, the exploitation cost, the local tech￣niques for transforming natural resources, and the market conditions. We should strive to develop green ecological economics, and realize the“Three-Wins” in growth, poverty alleviation, and ecolo￣gy. According to the ecological advantages of the ethnic areas, as well as their ecological position in the whole country, we should rapidly develop green ecological industries ( eco-agriculture, eco-tourism, eco -industry ) , and make ecological economics become the important source for increas￣ing the income of the poor population. This should be done by taking the rare ecological resources as the base, the market needs as guidance, the mod￣ern business model as the carrier, and social cap￣ital as the driving force. Moreover, we should make plans for green development , make clear its goals and steps, and implement the Green Industry Approach. We should enhance ecological construc￣tion and protection; and initiate new progress in ecological civilization and poverty alleviation.
Openness or opening up is an inevitable course for the prosperity and development of a country or a district. Openness in ethnic areas in￣cludes both external and internal openness. Exter￣nal openness is opening up to other countries or districts, and internal openness is opening up to other areas within China. It could be noticed that external openness in the eight provinces and dis￣tricts of ethnic areas in China is imbalanced. So, we should integrate it with the construction strategy of the “One Belt and One Road” program, and construct a new external opening up framework in an all-round way. Ethnic areas are core areas of and an important foundation for constructing of the Silk Road economic belt, and the 21st -century Maritime Silk Road. The ethnic areas should im￣plement more actively the strategy of openness, and improve the strategic framework of opening up externally, construct new, open economic systems, expand new, open economic spaces so as to build the ethnic areas into important bridgeheads and create vital border economic belts opened to the west, north, and south of China.
Sharing the results of development by various ethnic groups, and realizing a common prosperity are the requirements of socialism. The nature of sharing development is inclusive, fair and benefi￣cial. It further clarifies the keynotes of the rela￣tionship between development and the people, and re-emphasizes that improving the benefits of the people, promoting the people’s development in all-round ways are starting points and goals of de￣velopment. Poverty alleviation is the key in sharing development in the ethnic areas. The Central Pov￣erty Alleviation and Development Work Conference proposed that “ the goal of poverty alleviation dur￣ing ‘the 13 th Five-Year Plan’ is to win the battle against poverty, which includes ensuring food, clothing, compulsory education, basic medical service and housing security for the poor by 2020.” Furthermore,“precise poverty alleviation”is the basic strategy for fulfilling this goal. The foundation of “precise poverty alleviation” is to i￣dentify poverty precisely, and to judge whether it belongs to income poverty or poverty by chance. Speaking from policy choice, we need to strength￣en the self-development capability of poor popu￣lations; speaking from project choice, we should evaluate whether it is pro -poor or pro -growth;speaking from industrial development, we should consider both the market choice and governmental support;and, speaking from spacial layout, a con￣cept of sharing in development should be realized within centralized equalization.     

民族地区图书馆可持续发展的路径分析

民族地区的图书馆,具有促进民族地区经济发展、保护民族文化遗产,为民族地区提供信息服务、提高民族素质等积极作用。为促进民族地区图书馆事业的发展,应在树立可持续发展理念、培养民族地区图书馆的管理人才和专业技术人才、重视特色馆藏建设、加强现代化建设、争取更多的政府投入和各界支持等方面下功夫。     

四川少数民族人口发展路径探析

从人口数量、质量、结构三个方面分析四川少数民族人口发展现状,发现少数民族人口发展与区域资源环境、经济社会发展不协调带来了诸多问题,如人口增长过快导致的人均耕地锐减、环境恶化、就业压力增大,人口质量难以满足经济社会发展的需要,人口城市化滞后的消极效应等。为此,实现少数民族人口现代化的路径需控制人口数量、提高人口素质、推进人口城市化。     

民族地区发展对外经济贸易研究

民族地区传统的对外经济贸易战略和思路已不适应当今国内外经济发展的要求。应采取切实措施,加快民族地区对外经济贸易的发展:增强开放意识,认清对外经济贸易对区域经济发展和增长的影响;加快服务贸易的发展;加快引进外资和技术的步伐;区域开放与产业开放并举,以产业开放带动产业升级;加快对WTO相关规则和国际经济贸易发展环境的研究;进一步加强边境贸易与区域经济合作。     

西部民族地区流通业发展现状及发展策略分析

流通是商品从生产领域到消费领域的转移过程,流通业是国民经济的基础产业。流通业的发展能给西部民族地区带来契约文化的普及,提高人口就业率,加强对外经济的交流,从而拉动经济发展和促进社会稳定。西部民族地区流通产业发展滞后,对此,政府应给予流通业优惠政策,加强流通业投资软硬件环境的建设,多形式发展流通业,大力培养流通业技术人才和管理人才,并推出具有少数民族特色的经贸活动。     

透过六十年历史客观看待西藏经济社会发展的曲折性——纪念建党90周年与西藏和平解放60周年

自1951年5月23日与中央签订和平解放西藏的“十七条协议”以来,经过60年的风风雨雨,西藏已由一个政教合一、落后封闭野蛮的封建农奴社会逐步发展成一个充满活力的中国特色社会主义民族区域自治地区,西藏各族人民群众生活生产水平蒸蒸日上,经济社会发展日新月异.从事物发展的前进性与曲折性相统一、“实践、认识,再实践、再认识,循环往复,逐步深化”认识论的理论视角,对西藏和平解放60年以来西藏经济社会发展的曲折性进行历史梳理与学理分析,有利于深化认识西藏经济社会所带有的区域性与民族性的发展规律,进而助推西藏跨越式发展与长治久安.     

西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评

加快经济发展方式转变是我国经济社会领域的一场深刻变革,西部民族地区经济发展方式的转变对我国全面建设小康社会和实现区域协调发展具有重要的意义。本文立足于西部民族地区经济社会发展实际和西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的内涵,构建西部民族地区经济发展方式转变测评指标体系,运用指标体系测评西部民族地区"五区三省"经济发展方式转变的程度,最后基于测评结果提出加快西部民族地区经济发展方式转变的路径。     

政府管理体制改革视角下民族地区经济发展方式转变

我国民族地区的经济发展方式大多属粗放型,其转变的关键在政府管理体制改革。从民族地区政府管理面临的现实困境看,既面临特殊的社会历史自然环境,又要完成中央政府的经济增长考核目标和其他重点任务,还要应付民族地区复杂的群体性事件等。推动民族地区经济发展方式的转型,必须加快中央和民族地区政府职能的转变,正确处理政府与市场关系,完善对民族地区政府的绩效考核,创新民族地区政府管理体制,积极推动民族自治地区政府管理体制的改革步伐。