高淳“跳五猖”艺术面具研究

“跳五猖”艺术面具是傩舞的重要组成部分,在傩舞的发展过程中有着极其深厚的历史地位与影响.探析“跳五猖”艺术面具文化,可以使我们更加深刻地了解“跳五猖”艺术的文化内涵和民俗影响力.     

仪式与象征--下古陈村瑶族师公跳盘王的人类学解读

跳盘王是广西大瑶山地区瑶族传统的宗教仪式。在这一传统仪式的背后,“情”与“怵”交织于仪式主体、客体和媒介三个符号关系之中。本文在全面阐述瑶族师公跳盘王的基础上,从人类学的角度,初探跳盘王仪式所具有的象征意义。     

南涧彝族"跳菜"礼仪的象征分析

"跳菜"是彝族在宴请宾客时跳着舞上菜的最高待客礼仪,它是舞蹈和饮食合二为一的典型。本文在明确跳菜礼仪及其特点的基础上,通过对跳菜舞蹈象征符号和饮食象征符号的意义解析,揭示了彝族传统的认知体系和乐观豁达的民族心理,以及跳菜对彝族族群认同、民族和睦相处的积极作用。     

"跳菜":从村寨走向舞台和市场——南涧彝族"跳菜"礼仪的变迁

"跳菜"即指跳着舞上菜,是南涧彝族在宴请宾客时的一种最高礼仪.近20年来,伴随当地彝族的社会文化变迁,跳菜被人为地从村寨文化中剥离出来,经过艺术加工后走向都市舞台和宾馆酒店,呈现出舞台表演和商业展演等新形式,在民族传统资本化的过程中实现了功能的转变,其中蕴含着从自在文化向自觉文化的变迁.     

论苗族“跳花节”与民俗文化的整合——以湘西凤凰县山江镇为例

节目庆典是观察民族文化的一个窗口,是研究地域文化的一把钥匙。“跳花节”是苗族的重要节日,集中呈现了苗族丰富多彩的文化习俗。在区域旅游开发背景下,节庆活动具有文化现象与经济内容的双重载体功能,本文以湘西风凰县山江镇苗族的“跳花节”为例,分析“跳花节”对苗族民俗文化的整合功能,并对此进行深入思考。     

高淳“跳五猖”艺术面具研究

"跳五猖"艺术面具是傩舞的重要组成部分,在傩舞的发展过程中有着极其深厚的历史地位与影响。探析"跳五猖"艺术面具文化,可以使我们更加深刻地了解"跳五猖"艺术的文化内涵和民俗影响力。     

别具特色的苗家跳鼓

<正>跳鼓是苗家最普遍最富有民族特色的传统体育活动, 　 其形式多样,内容丰富,对增进身心健康大有益处,在湘西苗区尤为盛行。从近代群众的跳鼓活动来看,赛鼓的标准主要是技巧性和灵活性,而不是艺术性或思想性(当跳鼓作为歌舞形式出现时则例外)。跳鼓表演需脚跳手击腰旋体转,多用内功,讲究气质,体力消耗颇大,是一项全身运动的体育活动形式。它要求套路准确、技术熟练、气质刚毅、功夫精深,而不加任何感情色彩。     

彝乡“跳菜”

“跳菜”，是云南大理州无量山、哀牢山一带彝家人举行婚宴时必不可少的一项隆重仪式。它是彝家人一种粗犷、原始的舞蹈艺术，也是彝家人底蕴深厚的一种饮食文化。婚宴那天，宾客云集，婚宴场上一片熙攘。按习俗，不论来客有多少，都只摆十桌席，所有的来宾都在这十张席桌上轮流入座，故称“流水席”。十张席桌坐满宾客后，未入席的人便把婚宴场围得水泄不通。大家都眼巴巴地盼着“跳菜”开始。午时刚到，鼓乐齐鸣，在嘹亮欢快的乐曲声中，上菜（即表演“跳菜”）的大师傅率众师兄弟一起登场亮相。他们双手拱揖，先拜“三界”神仙，后拜“三…     

影响彝族跳鼓舞源流假定性分析

跳鼓舞是云南红河州绿春县牛孔乡和红河县车古乡等地居住的彝族尼苏颇支系所跳的一种以牛皮鼓为舞具的特色舞蹈,从舞动的名称和动态上分析,娱乐功能指向性非常明确,模拟农业生产特征明晰。但是,当我们从舞蹈生态学的角度进行深层次研究时发现,此舞种产生的源流以及舞体潜意识认知中,似乎与宗教有着密不可分的联系,基此疑惑,我们提出宗教生态项是影响跳鼓舞产生的主要原因的假定性,以此对该彝族支系的原生型民间跳鼓舞蹈进行探索,此路径不失为一种民族民间舞蹈研究的新视角,供舞业专家学者批评指正。     

云南“跳菜”

“跳菜”，是云南省大理州无量山、哀牢山一带彝族婚宴喜庆的隆重仪式，堪称民间奇俗一绝。前些年，南涧彝族自治县无量乡阿比庄名躁一方的“跳菜”高手李贵华家娶亲，请来各路高手献艺。这场婚宴的“跳菜”，真令来人大开眼界，轰动一时，成为当地美谈。是日，宾客云集，琐呐高奏。十张大桌上，宾客早已坐满。按彝乡习俗，不论客来多少，都只摆十桌宴席，大家全在这十张桌上轮流入席。那天来客特别多，尚未入席的宾客早把婚宴场围得密密麻麻，不为品尝佳肴，但求一睹“跳菜”为乐。在琐呐声中，为首的大师父率众师兄弟一起登场，双手拱揖，…     

中亚回族与口传民歌"花儿"——吉尔吉斯斯坦中亚回族民俗文化考察

东干族是指19世纪移居到中亚地区的中国西北陕甘宁回民及其后裔,亦称中亚回族。他们在130年前远离祖国之时,将西北地区的"花儿"民歌也带到了中亚地区。在苏联集体农庄时代,"花儿"民歌曾盛行于吉尔吉斯斯坦中亚回族聚居农庄,其知名歌手至今健在。苏联时期的东干语文献中也收录有"花儿"民歌。中亚回族传承了中国西北回族唱"花儿"民歌的民俗文化。在海外回族中流传的"花儿"民歌资料,是中国"花儿"体系的一个重要组成部分,也是一份珍贵的民族文化遗产,应加以研究、抢救和保护。     

民间信仰的情感维度与村落公共生活的整合——以桂北村落为考察对象

桂北村落以"天地国亲师"为崇拜对象的传统民间信仰把集体仪式嵌入到村庄的日常生活中,不断在人们情绪高昂的时刻唤醒内心深处的亲情,人们在子孙绵延的情感之链中寻找安身立命的基础,祖先与子嗣在阴阳两界之间互相支持,而兄弟与村友成为在同一块土地上延续永恒的同道者。通过以丧礼为代表的情感宣泄机制,人们直觉到村庄共同体的存在,并产生出宗教般的神圣感。这种信仰型塑了全体村民对于村庄的深切认同与情感依恋,使得他们在村庄公共生活中甘心付出,并主动承担责任。     

布努瑶民间法及其和谐社区秩序的构筑——以广西都安瑶族自治县下坳乡加文村为例

本文通过对一个典型布努瑶村寨--加文村--的田野调查,描述、探究布努瑶民间法的表现形式、调解方式及在社区秩序构筑中的和谐运作.文章认为民间法作为一种与村民生活十分贴近的"准法规范"在乡村生活中发挥着不可或缺的作用,是基层社会稳定与繁荣的润滑剂,延续着国家权力对社区的控制.因此,重视来自民间法在农村社区稳定和法治建设中的建构力量,对构筑平安新农村的法治秩序无疑有重要的现实意义.     

寒食节起源新论

寒食节 ,因禁火寒食 ,成为我国历史上一个独具特色的传统节日。以往对寒食节的研究多采用研究历史事件的方法 ,考察寒食节这一属于民众生活范畴的民俗事象的历史 ,更多地关注民俗事象的时间 ,关注不同空间、不同时间的民俗事象的相似性 ,注重史家叙事 ,而忽略了对民俗主体———民众———的审视。本文将目光投射在民俗主体上面 ,关注他们的所思所想 ,关注他们如何在历史大背景之中 ,在地方性知识的基础之上 ,在集体无意识之中进行着有意识的文化创造 ,并试图运用以流证源的方法 ,得出寒食节起源实与介子推密切相关的结论。     

土族婚礼歌的艺术特征及文化内涵

土族婚礼歌伴随着土族悠久历史留存至今,是研究土族历史、宗教风俗和民间艺术的宝贵资料.本文以互助土族传统婚礼歌为主要对象,对其研究状况、艺术特征及其文化内涵等进行了粗略梳理和分析.     

从民间文学看哈尼族的传统生态观

The Hani’s rich folk literature has preserved their traditional culture. Interpreting it from the perspective of ecological culture may lead us to the conclusion that the Hani’s traditional eco-logical understanding is that of a harmonious rela-tionship between man and nature. This ecological understanding is similar to that of other ethnic groups in Yunnan, such as the Bai, Dai, Wa, Yao, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, and other ethnic groups, which shows that this ecological under-standing is common across the Chinese nation. Meanwhile, this ecological understanding has an enlightening role for human beings to keep the eco-logical balance in the present day. This article tries to investigate the deep connection between the Hani’s folk literature and the natural ecology, and reveals the Hani’s traditional ecological under-standing. 1 . The Hani’s traditional ecological under-standing is revealed in their folk literature The Hani have no fairy tales in the strict sense, their literature is a kind of“universal litera-ture” enjoyed by both adults and children. Howev-er, the Hani’s folk literature also created a roman-tic world similar to that of fairy tales. This “fairy tale world” is just the world of nature reflected in the Hani’s literature. The typical characteristics of this world are harmony and happiness. In this har-monious and happy world, mountains are a para-dise for man and all other things on earth. In this paradise, man is only a part of nature, they are not the spirit or the core of the world. Man, animals and plants have their own places, and their own happiness. Meanwhile, they support each other, and have a common development. In a word, man and nature have a highly harmonious relationship. When environmental protection and ecological bal-ance become a common topic in today’s discourse, one can gain some insight by reading Hani fairy tales and legends. Therefore, digging out the eco-logical beauty from Hani folk literature still has a practical purpose. How then does Hani folk literature describe the relationship between man and nature? We find that the Hani folk literature is full of stories con-cerning how the animals and plants save mankind. Many works reflect this idea: if mankind had not been assisted by the animals and plants, it must have died out long ago, therefore, man should show his thanks to the animals by protecting them. Be-cause the animals and plants saved man’s life, and man knew to show his gratitude to them, the rela-tionship between man and nature is always good in the fairy tales, although they live in their own ways, they never disturb each other — they have a totally harmonious relationship. Moreover, man can even marry animals and have descendants with them. The harmonious relationship between man, animals and plants is a basic theme of the Hani folk literature, as well as a basic part of the Hani eco-logical understanding. The relationship between man, animals and plants reflects not only a friend-
ship, but a kind of family relation, because they can even become couples, although the couples can sometimes suddenly turn hostile — they may have disagreements or even come to blows. When this happens, the deities could help to solve the problem— this is another aspect which reflects a harmoni-ous relationship between man, animals and plants. In the Hani folk literature, the harmony be-tween man and nature is also reflected in the mutu-al assistance between man, animals and plants. In this kind of literature, man, animals and plants are always equal; they not only have a common goal and the same standards for good and evil, but also have a common language, with which man, animals and plants are able to negotiate with each other, help each other and reap their own rewards. 2 . The cultural sources of the Hani’s tradition-al ecological understanding Although literature is a creation of the writer, it reflects social life. The writers’ imaginings can-not be separated from the practicalities of place, and folk literature has its own particularity. Folk literature is created by several folk artists from gen-eration to generation. It might be a result from sev-eral people’s discussions during the creative process or when the work is passed down, hence, it is typically collective work and has typically mass characteristics. Although the individual plays a significant role in the creation of a work, the content of folk literature does not always reflect a single artist’s idea, but the idea of a group. There-fore, we say that the harmonious ecological under-standing reflected in the Hani literature actually re-flects an overall awareness of the Hani people. Why did the Hani form this kind of common awareness, then? We believe that it is decided by the Hani’s living environment and common cultural resources. Most Hani people live in the mountain-ous or semi-mountainous areas between Mt. Ailao and Mt. Mengle. The living environment partly in-fluences ideology. Because of the level of inacces-sability, and self -sufficient life style, communi-cation among the different Hani villages is rare,
however, what they see every day in their living ar-eas are mountains; therefore, their similar living environment leads them to have a similar under-standing of the mountains. The Hani are a “migrated ethnic group”. Their ancestors originally lived in the remote north. Due to natural and social causes, they moved south. Following the cultural development and improvement of natural conditions, their popu-lation gradually increased. After they stepped into the mountainous areas of Mt. Ailao, they had im-proved material conditions and peaceful life, and the population dramatically increased. Later, they settled down in the broad area of the Honghe and Lishejiang drainage basins. The Hani’s history of migration and development indicates that no matter how large a population they have, and how they are scattered, their culture has the same origin. Therefore, tracing the origin of the Hani culture is very important to understand why the Hani share a common awareness of the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Another point worth noting is that the Hani are called as an “Ethnic Group of Stories”. The Hani like telling stories, and making up stories, therefore, there are many popular stories among the Hani. This is because Hani have no writing, which makes the essence of the Hani culture lie in their oral stories. The ancestors’ stories, and their wisdom are all spread and handed down through these stories. The Hani stories actually play act as cultural carriers, burdened with the task of preser-ving culture, and playing an educational role. It is due to the influence of the ancestors’ traditional culture that the Hani have kept an awareness of maintaining a harmonious relationship between man, animals and plants. Then, which factors in the Hani’s cultural origin have promoted this awareness and made it exist for a long time? This article separately discusses the impact of the origin of the heavens, earth, man, animals, and plants, as well as the understanding of animism to this awareness.
In the Hani’s traditional religion, animism is a basic tenet. The Hani believe that the universe is created by the gods, and all things on earth are brought about by the gods. These deities infuse the things in the universe with a spirit; man cannot hurt other things, including those things without life;and the proper relationship between man and nature is harmony. A harmonious relationship means to obey the deities’ will, and is a special representation of their worship. Some people be-lieve that the formation of this kind of understand-ing is directly related to the ecological environment in which the Hani live. They live in the mountain-ous areas and conduct farming work from genera-tion to generation. The forest and water sources are their basic production materials. While using and transforming nature, they must protect and respect nature. Only in this way can an ethnic group un-dergo constant development in a difficult environ-ment—this already has become common knowledge during the process of inheriting the Chinese culture in the past thousand years. And to the Hani peo-ple, this is their principle, as well as their life philosophy. The Hani’s understanding of animism is a kind of pantheistic ideology, which belongs to religious aspect and does not fit with materialism. However the understanding of animism plays a very big role in the Hani’s formation of a self-consciousness in protecting the animals and plants, and keeping the ecological balance. Its role is not limited to an in-dividual or a local area, instead, its meaning to the whole Hani area cannot be underestimated. Hence, we take it as one of the sources for the for-mation of the harmonious natural understanding of all Hani people.     

民族民间传统文化的知识产权保护模式新探

本文在我国现有的知识产权法制度框架下,着力探讨了保护民族民间传统文化的两种新模式即商标权保护模式和专利权保护模式,并结合民族民间传统文化的特点从理论上对这两种保护模式进行了粗浅的制度构建。     

达斡尔族的农业民俗

达斡尔族是在我国最北方从事农业的民族,有着很久远的农业历史。达斡尔族在农业的大田耕作、园田耕作、农产品加工、节气、测农事、禳灾祭祀等民俗中,具有浓郁的民族特色。在达斡尔族农业民俗中承传着古老农业民俗中物质及精神的成分,有着丰富的内涵,凝结了世代达斡尔人在生产实践中的探索与创造,是对人类文化的一份贡献。     

青海苏木世村的农事祭祀活动

苏木世是青海省西宁市湟中县的一个偏僻山村。这里居住着汉、藏两个兄弟民族 ,他们在长期的相互影响下 ,形成了有别于纯藏语区或纯汉语区的习俗 ,其中也包括独特的民间祭祀仪式。本文在调查与访谈的基础上 ,就此做了一些介绍和分析。     

论民族习惯法的渊源、价值与传承--以苗族、侗族习惯法为例

民族习惯法是民族地区适用的民间法,内容丰富但形式上因民族而异,刑事习惯法占据重要内容.民族习惯法具有裁判、教育、调整价值,应当整合三种价值,传承民族习惯法之积极因素,构建新的民族法律文化,推进民族地区法治.