声音·数字·关键词

<正>声音"一是着力加快民族地区经济结构调整,二是着力推动民族地区特色优势产业发展,三是着力抓好牧区又好又快发展和集中连片特困地区扶贫开发工作,四是着力推动民族地区生态保护建设,五是着力推进民族地区保障和改善民生,六是着力推进民族地区对外开放。"——日前,全国民族经济工作研讨班在北京开班,按照中央关于经济工作的总体部署,     

以绿色减贫推动精准扶贫 实现民族地区可持续发展

绿色减贫契合了"保护生态就是保护生产力""绿水青山就是金山银山"的理念,在适度开发、减少贫困的同时,为民族地区留足持续发展的生态资本,走出一条发展经济、消除贫困、优化环境的新路。民族地区要以习近平生态文明思想和习近平总书记关于扶贫开发重要论述为指引,把绿色发展理念贯穿扶贫脱贫全过程,以绿色减贫推动精准扶贫,最终实现可持续发展和精准脱贫。     

加快发展民族地区的生态经济

民族地区的经济发展和生态保护不仅关系到民族地区的利益,更涉及到全国经济社会可持续发展.因此,民族地区在追求经济发展时,必须保持资源与人口、生态与环境、社会和经济的统一.本文分析了民族地区发展面临的严重生态危机,论述了如果不注重保护生态环境,只注重经济效益,不仅导致民族地区生态环境进一步恶化,也会阻碍经济发展,提出了大力发展生态经济是实现民族地区经济社会可持续发展的必然选择.     

民族生态学:从方法论看发展趋势

民族生态学的概念在中国有"广义"和"狭义"之分。"广义民族生态学"是从生态学角度去理解生态文化问题,而"狭义民族生态学"则是把生态文化看成是生态人类学的另一种表述。"狭义民族生态学"有自己独特的方法论和研究领域,擅长于对传统知识的研究。民族生态学的理论方法及其研究成果在中国的西部大开发中可以发挥积极的借鉴作用,而民族地区社会经济的发展规划也需要民族生态学的指导。     

促进生态文明与特色村寨建设互促共赢——“生态文明与特色村寨”专栏引介

<正>党的十八大将生态文明建设放在突出位置,使得其与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设和社会建设一起,被纳入到中国特色社会主义事业"五位一体"的总体格局之中。对民族地区而言,搞好生态文明建设既是发展的机遇,也是我们的历史责任。少数民族特色村寨建设是新时期贯彻党的民族政策、加强民族文化保护、促进民族经济发展的浩大工程,是一项关     

《生态文明与特色村寨》专栏稿约

<正>少数民族特色村寨的建设与发展是近年来学术界的一个研究热点,对该问题的研究已具一定的深度和广度,已经取得了一系列基于细致田野调查兼有深入理论研究和现实操作意义的研究成果。生态文明建设与特色村寨建设两者之间的互动、共赢是当前民族地区农村发展的关键性的问题和挑战。以自然生态、文化生态、社会生态等为视角开展民族特色村寨保护和发展研究,是民族地区特色村寨建设与发展研究的新要求、新思考,她带给民族地区和少数民族群众的是一种适合本地区、本民族实际的生存、发展平台,也是美丽中国理念在少数民族地区的最好诠释和实践。我刊立足湖南,面向全国,坚持开放办刊,刊载处于学术前沿的具有新观点、新方法、新材料的人文社会学科的理论文章,为专家学者提供自由的学术交流平台。现以"生态文明与特色村寨"     

生态博物馆的特点、意义和角色——基于"中国模式"下的生态博物馆建设

在特殊的国情和特定的历史条件下,中国民族生态博物馆的发展肩负着双重责任,它不仅包括着对民族文化的保护,而且对原住民地区的经济发展起到一定的促进作用;以国际上对传统历史文化资源的开发与保护比较新颖的"前台、帷幕、后台"理论及swot分析模型,对生态博物馆的发展进行初步分析.     

促进生态文明与特色村寨建设互促共赢——“生态文明与特色村寨”专栏引介

<正>党的十八大将生态文明建设放在突出位置,使得其与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设和社会建设一起,被纳入到中国特色社会主义事业"五位一体"的总体格局之中。对民族地区而言,搞好生态文明建设既是发展的机遇,也是我们的历史责任。少数民族特色村寨建设是新时期贯彻党的民族政策、加强民族文化保护、促进民族经济发展的浩大工程,是一项关     

中国少数民族生态保护研究述评

少数民族生态保护对实现民族地区可持续发展、全面建成小康社会和中华民族永续发展意义重大,引发了众多学者的研究和关注。文章总结和梳理了我国近20年少数民族生态保护方面的研究成果,内容涉及少数民族生态保护的现实困境、正面影响因素、现代启示、路径探讨四个方面,简要评述了少数民族生态保护研究中存在的问题,以期为学界今后研究少数民族生态保护提供参考和借鉴。     

湖南民族地区生态补偿制度创新研究——基于综合损失法的视角

生态补偿制度是推进生态文明建设的基本制度保障。湖南民族地区占据中国半个绿心,既是我国生态保护脆弱地带,也是我国生态补偿投入重点区域。本文在综合归纳生态补偿制度的理论基础上,剖析湖南民族地区现行生态补偿制度,从综合损失法的视角研究生态补偿制度,通过完善生态补偿法律机制和税收机制、设立专项生态补偿基金等方法进行生态补偿制度创新,丰富民族地区生态补偿制度内涵,也对其他地区生态补偿制度设立有一定借鉴意义。     

西部民族地区生态补偿的新思维——碳汇交易的视角

西部民族地区按照国家主体功能区划属于禁止开发区,不但失去了依靠工业发展的机会,还要为下游地区的可持续发展提供生态屏障,为此而得到的补偿仅来自于政府的财政转移支付,而且补助标准偏低,市场化补偿长期缺位,历史欠账太多,生态产品输出人群后续发展及环境保护乏力。碳汇交易的缘起与快速发展,无疑加快了生态补偿的市场化进程,为西部民族地区生态保护,富边强民提供了新思路。     

民族自治地方农地保护与新农村建设

土地资源关系到国家粮食安全和农业可持续发展.城市化是新农村建设快速发展的助推器,推进新农村建设是加快工业化、城镇化、现代化的现实途径,新农村建设应当以保护耕地为土地政策的首选目标.新农村建设拒绝"盆景式"、"景观秀"和"豆腐渣"工程,民族自治地方新农村建设必须坚持节约集约用地原则,必须坚持把改善民生作为重点,必须坚持发挥亿万农民的主体作用.     

支持中国牧区加快发展的政策研究

中国牧区面积占国土面积的40%以上,在国民经济发展、国家生态安全、民族团结和边疆稳定中,具有重要的战略地位。牧区的发展目前面临着诸多制约因素,如发展方式粗放、落后,社会经济发展缓慢;草原生态严重恶化;牧区基本公共服务供给不足;金融服务不能满足牧区发展需要等。支持牧区加快发展首先要建立现代草原产权体系,完善相关法律;其次,将牧区的保护、建设和发展上升为国家发展战略;第三,加大对牧区发展的援助力度,制定发展援助政策体系,包括财政政策、金融政策、产业政策、社会事业政策、扶贫开发政策、资源开发与生态补偿政策、开发政策及重大自然灾害防控政策。     

民族地区旅游开发中的外部性影响及其消除

旅游业的外部性在民族地区旅游开发中表现出其特殊性,外部不经济性效应对当地的破坏作用更甚于普通旅游地.本文运用经济学中的外部性理论,主要阐述了民族地区旅游开发过程中所产生的外部经济性与不经济性,并有针对性地提出了一些内化外部不经济性的措施,对于我国民族地区旅游开发过程中环境保护、民族文化的保护性利用及旅游扶贫效应的发挥具有现实意义,期望能对当前民族地区旅游发展提供借鉴.     

关于民族地区民俗旅游资源开发的几点思考

民俗具有地域性差异、观赏性别具一格、可参与性强、资源的非替代性等特点,是重要的旅游资源。在民族地区旅游产业发展中扮演着极其重要的角色,对发展民族地区经济起着不可替代的作用,是民族地区经济社会发展的重要途径,创汇增收的重要渠道以及当地居民脱贫致富的重要途径,民俗旅游的开发可以保护民族文化和当地的生态环境与资源。同时,民族地区开发民俗旅游资源应注意处理好相关的问题,走可持续发展之路。     

黔西南布依族苗族自治州森林变通立法探究

《黔西南布依族苗族自治州执行〈中华人民共和国森林法〉变通规定》是我国民族自治地方有关森林资源保护方面的第一项变通规定,该规定不仅对当地的生态环境保护起到了重要的作用,而且充实了我国森林资源的立法,具有重要的参考价值。黔西南州变通立法的成功经验,值得其他民族自治地方在生态环境立法中借鉴。     

保护和建设民族地区生态与构建民族地区和谐社会

人与自然的和谐作为民族地区和谐社会构建的一项重要内容,直接关系到这一目标的全面实现。良好的生态环境是民族地区保持其经济和社会其他方面持续、快速、健康可持续发展的必要条件。当前,民族地区的生态环境遭到较为严重的破坏,极大地影响了民族地区整体和谐社会的构建。人与自然的和谐已经成为民族地区发展所必须解决的战略性问题。只有在遵循自然规律的前提下,合理开发利用自然资源和改善生态环境,切实加强保护和建设民族地区生态环境,才能够推动整个社会的和谐。     

论民族教育投资与民族地区人力资源深度开发

民族地区人力资源开发具有重要的意义,要实现民族地区人力资源的深度开发,变人力资源优势为人力资本优势离不开民族教育投资的推动.本文用实证的方法分析了民族教育投资在人力资源开发中的作用,指出了进一步加大民族教育教育投资与人力资源开发的对策.     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

建立西部民族文化生态村的构想--以湖北景阳镇为个案研究

湖北景阳是个自然、文化生态资源极其丰富的少数民族社区,由于清江水布垭电站的建设,景阳新镇的移民搬迁,即使景阳口传及非物质文化面临着传承的危机,又是构建西部少数民族地区民族文化生态村、发展旅游业的绝好时机。选择好民族文化生态村建点模式;认清旅游业的发展将带给社区文化的影响;维护文化与生态环境的和谐,可为建立西部民族文化村,谋求西部社会经济的可持续发展提供一个可借鉴的范式。