第四届中国人类学青年论坛在西南大学召开

<正>由西南大学历史文化学院人类学与民族学系、西南大学城乡统筹发展与规划研究中心、中国人类学民族学研究会经济人类学专业委员会主办,厦门大学人类学研究中心、《民族论坛》编辑部协办,主题为"跨界"、"流域"的第四届中国人类学青年论坛,于2014年12月19日至21日在西南大学召开。来自中国社会科学院、北京大学、清华大学、中国人民大学、中央民族大学、中山大学、厦门大学、兰州大学、南     

中国经济人类学研究述评与展望

本文在简要回顾经济人类学研究历程的基础上,从经济人类学在中国的传播和针对中国情境的经济人类学研究进展两个方面系统梳理了国内经济人类学的研究现状,然后结合国外经济人类学研究的理论前沿和实践应用,剖析了国内外研究存在的差异,并从研究视域拓展、研究层面融合、研究范式转变和研究学科整合等四个方面展望今后中国经济人类学研究有待努力的方向。     

论当代中国文化人类学的发展趋势

本文从学科发展的角度出发,对当代中国文化人类学的发展趋势作了预见性的展望,即人类学理论取向多元化的发展趋势;人类学研究方法综合运用的趋向;人类学的分支学科和应用研究向纵深发展;人类学在中国社会中的影响力日显突出。     

20世纪中国社会史的人类学研究——庄孔韶《银翅》笔谈

《银翅》是庄孔韶“不浪费的人类学”理论与方法的生成之作,是人类学研究领域的新成果,是中国后现代主义人类学的先行之品;《银翅》在内容和方法上拓展了《金翼》,是对《金翅》的传承和突破;《银翅》是对中国文化的深度描述和国外相关研究的回应,是人类学社会史研究的补白,它的本土研究理论和对人类学表述方法的创 新等,是对中国人类学发展的贡献。     

经济人类学中国本土化路径模式:解读相际经营原理

在经济人类学中国本土化的过程中,杨庭硕教授提出了“相际经营”的理论模式,该模式在将经济人类学中国本土化的同时为经济人类学的理论发展做出了新的贡献.所谓经济人类学中国本土化的路径,就是应用经济人类学的理论和方法,对我国经济社会发展中所面临的问题,进行深入调查研究,提出行之有效的施政措施,并从理论上升华.杨庭项教授有关相际经营原理的著述,正是这一路径的真实写照.本文从不同的角度,对相际经营原理模式中的中国经济人类学本土化路径模式及特色,进行梳理和讨论.     

走向深处:中国人类学中国研究的态势--人类学学者访谈录之三十六

中国人类学比较早就注意把人类学的田野调查和历史研究方法相结合,把对"异文化"的研究和对"本文化"的研究相统一,这是中国人类学对世界人类学的贡献.     

经济人类学在中国的发展及当前面临的问题

本文简要介绍了经济人类学在西方的萌发情况 ,回顾了自费孝通以来经济人类学界对中国经济问题的研究以及经济人类学在中国的学术发展历程 ,分析了在中国发展经济人类学的紧迫性 ,阐述了作者对于发展中国经济人类学的看法     

当代中国的性人类学研究及其发展趋势

新中国成立以后,学术领域涉足性人类学研究的几位实践者都是研究少数民族婚姻家庭问题的代表性人物.20世纪80年代中期以后,不同领域的性学研究者开始看到,性存在是多元的,在批判生物决定论的同时,提出了性的社会建构理论,这与人类学对性的研究不谋而合.中国的性学研究逐渐形成了"性人类学"这门崭新的边缘交叉学科,学者们开始对性人类学理论与方法进行探讨.     

中国民族学学科设置叙史与学科建设的思考——兼谈人类学的学科地位(下)

本文以民族学学科发展史为线索,对民族学传入中国后90年来的学科定义与学科设置展开讨论,辨析了民族学与文化人类学"相当"或"等同"的普遍认知,就民族学与人类学的关系及其在中外科学领域的各种学科分类进行比较,针对民族学研究对象的局限性和学科母体萎缩等问题,对建设中国特色民族学必须立足本土、放眼世界、坚持民族学学科母体地位的问题给予了论述。在此基础上,根据习近平在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上的讲话精神,对当代中国特色民族学的研究对象、学科理论、分支学科设置及其内涵作出了示例性解释,其中也包括人类学学科地位的一些思考。     

中国民族学学科设置叙史与学科建设的思考——兼谈人类学的学科地位(上)

本文以民族学学科发展史为线索,对民族学传入中国后90年来的学科定义与学科设置展开讨论,辨析了民族学与文化人类学"相当"或"等同"的普遍认知,就民族学与人类学的关系及其在中外科学领域的各种学科分类进行比较,针对民族学研究对象的局限性和学科母体萎缩等问题,对建设中国特色民族学必须立足本土、放眼世界、坚持民族学学科母体地位的问题给予了论述。在此基础上,根据习近平在哲学社会科学工作座谈会上讲话的精神,对当代中国特色民族学的研究对象、学科理论、分支学科设置及其内涵作出了示例性解释,其中也包括人类学学科地位的一些思考。     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Refugees,migrants, neither,both: categorical fetishism and the politics of bounding in Europe’s ‘migration crisis’

The use of the categories ‘refugee’ and ‘migrant’ to differentiate between those on the move and the legitimacy, or otherwise, of their claims to international protection has featured strongly during Europe’s ‘migration crisis’ and has been used to justify policies of exclusion and containment. Drawing on interviews with 215 people who crossed the Mediterranean to Greece in 2015, our paper challenges this ‘categorical fetishism’, arguing that the dominant categories fail to capture adequately the complex relationship between political, social and economic drivers of migration or their shifting significance for individuals over time and space. As such it builds upon a substantial body of academic literature demonstrating a disjuncture between conceptual and policy categories and the lived experiences of those on the move. However, the paper is also critical of efforts to foreground or privilege ‘refugees’ over ‘migrants’ arguing that this reinforces rather than challenges the dichotomy’s faulty foundations. Rather those concerned about the use of categories to marginalise and exclude should explicitly engage with the politics of bounding, that is to say, the process by which categories are constructed, the purpose they serve and their consequences, in order to denaturalise their use as a mechanism to distinguish, divide and discriminate.     

伊斯兰学者刘智的"元气"与日本儒者伊藤仁斋的"一元气"思想——朱子学"理"、"气"学说的批判与重构

在"文明间对话"被各国学界极为重视的当代,特别值得关注与研究的是,17-18世纪的回儒学与日本德川儒学之间的具有价值和意义的对话.刘智和伊藤仁斋是同时代不同文化背景的两位思想大师,同时受到朱子学影响,并吸收融合而产生出自己独特的思想体系.本文将探讨这两位思想家对朱子学"理"、"气"思想的重构特色.进一步想说明,不同文化...     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

Governing multicultural Brussels: paradoxes of a multi-level,multi-cultural,multi-national urban anomaly

ABSTRACT

Updating our earlier work on Brussels as the paradigm of a multi-level, multi-cultural, multi-national city, and in the context of Brussels’s recent troubled emergence as the epicentre of violent conflict between radical political Islam and the West, this paper sets out the paradoxical intersection of national (i.e. Flemish and Francophone), non-national and ethnic minority politics in a city placed as a multi-cultural and multi-national ‘urban anomaly’ at the heart of linguistic struggle of the two dominant Belgian communities. Brussels is one of the three Regions of the Belgian federal model alongside Flanders and Wallonia. It is also an extraordinarily diverse and cosmopolitan city, in which a mixed language Belgian population lives alongside very high numbers of resident non-nationals, including European elites, other European immigrant workers, and immigrants from Africa and Asia. After laying out the complex distribution of power and competences within the Belgian federal structure, we explore whether these structures have worked over the years to include or exclude disadvantaged ethnic groups. To better understand these processes, we introduce our view of the multi-level governance perspective.     

The emerald isle: Ireland and the clash of Irish and Ulster-British nationalisms

This article will focus on the development of Irish and Ulster-British nationalisms through examining five factors that had the greatest impact on the creation and growth of these nationalisms: the geographic and topographic setting; demographic changes; sociocultural factors; economic and class factors; and the impact of the colonial power. The article will show that nationalism is driven by variables that originate from broader processes extending beyond the national group.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.