战略国际人力资源管理与企业绩效关系研究——基于在华跨国企业的经验证据

企业国际化中人力资源实践如何影响绩效,既是一个国际企业管理问题,更是人力资源管理领域的中心问题;因为任何一种国际化战略的成功都离不开恰当的人力资源管理方式,而成功的跨国公司对人力资源管理的导向选择也主要取决于它能否更好地支撑其国际化战略的实施.本文以100家在华跨国企业为研究样本,在战略国际人力资源管理(SIHRM)的框架下,将人力资源管理系统和国际化程度对企业绩效的影响作为主要研究问题,构建层级回归模型,通过实证检验考察人力资源管理与企业绩效的关系.研究结果表明,企业绩效不仅同人力资源管理与企业战略的整合程度有关,而且同人力资源管理系统与国际化程度之间存在积极的联系.该研究结论为中国企业在国际化过程中如何实施有效的战略国际人力资源管理以提升组织绩效并获取持续竞争优势提供借鉴与参考.     

企业战略、人力资源管理系统与企业绩效的关系研究

伴随着经济全球化的到来,在跨国企业的不断推动和要求之下,我国的人力资源事业得到了快速的发展,尤其是对于研究企业战略和人力资源管理系统同企业的绩效之间的关系已经逐渐成为当前对人力资源管理事业中的重要研究项目。企业实施的战略和对人力资源的管理已经逐渐成为影响企业绩效的重要因素,并且三者之间的关系是相当复杂的。这也是国内外学者对这一课题进行研究的意义所在。以下,本文将围绕当前企业战略、人力资源管理同企业绩效三者之间的关系展开讨论。     

人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的实证研究——组织学习视角的分析

本文从组织学习角度分析了人力资源管理对企业绩效的作用,并且检验了组织学习导向的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.对130家企业的数据分析表明,不同维度的人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系,表明人力资源管理可以通过推动企业的组织学习而获得竞争优势.     

浅析当前人力资源管理与企业绩效的关系

人力资源是企业竞争的优势,员工是企业的灵魂,员工的素质影响着企业的发展水平。企业绩效管理是企业人力资源管理中重要环节,做好企业人力资源开发与管理的工作,建立科学、实际、合理的绩效管理体系,有利于调动员工的积极性与创造性,从而提高企业的综合竞争力。本文论述了要在新时期把握好企业的发展,应充分认清人力资源对企业绩效的重大意义,把握好人力资源管理对企业绩效管理的指导原则、充分发挥人力资源管理对企业绩效指导的作用。     

企业人力资源绩效管理效果分析

在企业管理系统中,人力资源管理系统是重要的组成部分。处于知识经济时代,企业的发展越来越注重软实力的开发和运用,企业文化成为了促进企业发展提高企业竞争力的重要资本。人力资源管理与企业文化之间存在着相互促进的作用,两者都直接关乎到企业的绩效管理。企业要实现战略目标,就需要人力资源绩效管理来帮助,企业文化则是为企业创造良好的工作氛围,以为企业人力资源管理奠定扎实的理论基础,以使企业人力资源绩效管理效果充分地发挥出来。本论文着重分析企业人力资源绩效管理效果。     

人力资源管理与企业绩效的相关性

在企业绩效管理中,一个重要的组成部分就是人力资源管理。国内不少研究者均对人力资源与企业绩效的关系进行了研究,从一个侧面反映出人力资源对于企业绩效的影响。文章结合相关理论文献,从人力资源管理影响企业绩效、人力资源管理对企业绩效影响的表现和人力资源与企业绩效之间的关系等方面对这一命题进行了探讨。     

分析战略人力资源管理对企业绩效的影响

评价现代企业的生产经营状况,主要是根据企业的绩效进行确定。企业的绩效不仅可以直接体现出企业员工的直接利益,并且和战略人力资源管理还有着十分密切的关系。而随着我国企业与社会经济的迅猛发展,就需要积极探究战略人力资源管理与企业绩效之间的联系与影响,更好地促进企业的健康发展。本文首先分析企业绩效与人力资源管理之间的影响因素,详细阐述战略人力资源管理对企业绩效的影响,希望可以为我国的广大企业提供有用的参考。     

投资型人力资源管理系统与企业绩效的关系研究

本文根据对中国116家企业的人力资源实践状况的调查结果,分析了人力资源管理实践与企业绩效之间的关系.本文通过因素分析.揭示了投资型人力资源管理系统的内容结构,同时基于人力资源实践的组合,划分了高低水平人力资源实践组别并对其进行了比较.接着本文进行了相关分析和回归分析,分析投资型人力资源管理系统、人力资源战略整合与企业绩效之间的关系.研究发现,企业绩效不仅与部分人力资本投资活动存在积极的联系.而且与人力资源管理系统和企业战略的整合程度有关.论文的研究结果增加了我们在高绩效工作系统方面的知识.为当前我国企业的人力资源管理实践提供了重要的启发.     

探析人力资源管理与企业绩效的关系

企业绩效管理是现代化企业管理的关键性一环,也是企业的人力资源管理的一部分。从现代化企业经营管理理念分析,企业的绩效与人力资源管理有多种关系,两者相互影响,协同发展。人力资源管理为企业绩效的重要推动因素,只有在人力资源的合理管理下,企业绩效才能够发挥到最大水平,将企业的经营目标、发展战略及经济效益集合在一起,推动企业的全面发展。为此,本文将从人力资源管理对企业绩效所作出的贡献说起,并探究二者联动机制,以此探析人力资源管理与企业绩效的关系。     

人力资源管理对企业绩效的影响研究

文章论述了要在新时期把握好企业的发展,应充分认清人力资源对企业绩效的重大意义,把握好人力资源管理对企业绩效管理的指导原则、充分发挥人力资源管理对企业绩效指导的最大作用。     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

WebStress: a web interface to explore a multidatabase bibliographic corpus on occupational stress

A bibliographic study on a multidisciplinary subject, such as occupational stress, requires a multidatabase query facility. Given this, we searched eight databases belonging to different fields (medicine, psychology, etc.) and from different countries. Thus, more than 26000 references on occupational stress were gathered. A bibliographic corpus of this sort is unusable because of the heterogeneous format of the records and the number of duplicate entries. Considering the limitations of commercial programs, we have developed a system, called WebStress, for reformatting the data and removing duplicates. The huge number of references and the research needs of updating and searching have necessitated the addition of several other functions to WebStress. Therefore WebStress comprises a web interface that makes it possible to search the corpus with advanced features (using clustering, a specialized thesaurus on stress and Boolean queries). In addition to the usual bibliographic queries on a specific database such as Medline, WebStress provides bibliometric analysis of the corpus, which might contribute to a detailed analysis on occupational stress in order to highlight the networks of researchers and to find the main topics studied in this area. WebStress is not yet available to researchers in general. It is being further developed, and also permission needs to be obtained from the eight commercial bibliographic databases that it consults.     

The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term participatory intervention in health care institutions in Norway on workers' control, other job characteristics, job stress, subjective health and job satisfaction. Participants (including managers and supervisors) were randomly allocated to intervention groups and to a control group. Actions to solve problems based on the employees' own perceptions of the main problems were seen as the key motivators for organizational improvement and increased control at the task and office level in the work situation. The main stressors identified by the participants in this study were lack of information, communication and respect between professions, as well as the need for professional and personal development. The participatory intervention had a positive, but limited effect on work-related stress, job characteristics, learning climate and management style, and seemed to have started a beneficial change process. There were no negative short-term effects on work-related stress and job demands. Organizational interventions may be a potential training ground for acquiring participatory skills and resources, and if sustained after the intervention period, they can have long-term effects on problem solving, job stress and employee satisfaction.     

Circadian Rhythm and the Business Person

Each human being has an internal timekeeping mechanism. To date, over 100 so-called circadian rhythms have been detected. Perhaps the most significant is body temperature. There is an apparent connection between this rhythm and the efficiency with which we do things in the course of the working day. Within individuals, patterns have been discovered which give credence to the popular notions of a morning or an afternoon person, and so on. Our memory changes from morning to afternoon: short-term memory is stronger in the morning, and long-term memory stronger in the afternoon; in schools, morning students have higher grades than students who have other time-of-day preferences. Therefore, a strong case can be made in support of flexible time schedules. It is reported that productivity went up on the introduction of such a scheme. Employee stress has been seen to decline also. When flextime was offered, parents with small children took advantage of the benefit as well as unmarried employees. The only drawback is ensuring that, with so many individual variations in preferences, the needs of the company are fully met. If such a scheme can be devised, however, the research suggests that productivity and efficiency will increase.     

Is Risk Analysis Scientific?

This article discusses to what extent risk analysis is scientific in view of a set of commonly used definitions and criteria. We consider scientific knowledge to be characterized by its subject matter, its success in developing the best available knowledge in its fields of study, and the epistemic norms and values that guide scientific investigations. We proceed to assess the field of risk analysis according to these criteria. For this purpose, we use a model for risk analysis in which science is used as a base for decision making on risks, which covers the five elements evidence, knowledge base, broad risk evaluation, managerial review and judgment, and the decision; and that relates these elements to the domains experts and decisionmakers, and to the domains fact‐based or value‐based. We conclude that risk analysis is a scientific field of study, when understood as consisting primarily of (i) knowledge about risk‐related phenomena, processes, events, etc., and (ii) concepts, theories, frameworks, approaches, principles, methods and models to understand, assess, characterize, communicate, and manage risk, in general and for specific applications (the instrumental part).     

Social construction of work stress: Australian newsprint media portrayal of stress at work, 1997-98

Public understanding of health issues is influenced by the social and political interests of those who gather the information and by the media which disseminates it. This has implications for lay people's beliefs about work stress and has potentially serious personal implications in terms of recognizing, reacting to, and reporting stress in the workplace (Furnham, 1997). The somewhat ambiguous nature of work stress renders it vulnerable to political, social and economic manipulation. This study explores how the issue of work stress is represented in the Australian newsprint media. Fifty-one work-related articles from all major Australian newspapers from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 1997 were selected if 'stress' appeared in the headline. The articles were examined for dominant ideologies and themes. Attention was given to the language used to describe stress, the intended audience, and the voices represented in the articles. Results showed that work stress is represented in the media as an economically costly epidemic, as an outcome of unfavourable work conditions but with individual remedies, and as primarily situated within the public sector. The main voice represented in the media was that of the unions. The reproduction of work stress as a public sector phenomenon serves the interests of public sector unions, the newspapers, and the managers of private sector workers and is not consistent with available workers' compensation data (which is itself problematic).     

Inclusion of Dietary Evaluation in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction Models Increases Accuracy and Reduces Bias of the Estimations

In the past few years, the prediction of CVD risk has received special attention; however, some investigators assert that risk models have so far not been very successful. Thus, we examined whether the inclusion of dietary evaluation in a risk prediction model that already contained the classical CVD risk factors increases the accuracy and reduces the bias in estimating future CVD events. The database of the ATTICA study (which included information from 1,514 men and 1,528 women) was used. At baseline, the HellenicSCORE values (based on age, gender, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and total cholesterol) were calculated, while overall assessment of dietary habits was based on the Mediterranean diet score (MDS) that evaluates adherence to this traditional diet. In 2006, a five-year follow-up was performed in 2,101 participants and development of CVD (coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndromes, stroke, or other CVD) was defined according to WHO-ICD-10 criteria. The MDS and the HellenicSCORE were significant predictors of CVD events, even after adjusting for various potential confounders ( p < 0.05). However, estimating bias (i.e., misclassification of cases) of the model that included HellenicSCORE and other potential confounders was 8.7%. The MDS was associated with the estimating bias of the outcome ( p < 0.001) and explained 5.5% of this bias. Other baseline factors associated with bias were increased body mass index, low education status, and increased energy intake/BMR ratio. The inclusion of dietary evaluation, as well as other Sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, increases the accuracy and reduces estimating bias of CVD risk prediction models.     

Two-sided assembly line balancing: A genetic algorithm approach

A two-sided assembly line balancing problem is typically found in plants producing large-sized high-volume products, e.g. buses and trucks. The features specific to the assembly line are described in this paper, which are associated with those of: (i) two-sided assembly lines; (ii) positional constraints; and (iii) balancing at the operational time. There exists a large amount of literature in the area of line balancing, whereby it has mostly dealt with one-sided assembly lines. A new genetic algorithm is developed to solve the problem, and its applicability and extensibility are discussed. A genetic encoding and decoding scheme, and genetic operators suitable for the problem are devised. This is particularly emphasized using problem-specific information to enhance the performance of the genetic algorithm (GA). The proposed GA has a strength that it is flexible in solving various types of assembly line balancing problems. An experiment is carried out to verify the performance of the GA, and the results are reported.     

Coopetitive Buyer–Supplier Relationship: An Investigation of Bargaining Power,Relational Context,and Investment Strategies

This study proposes an analytical approach combined with a behavioral experiment for a joint examination of the competitive and cooperative (i.e., coopetitive) relationship between a buyer and a supplier. Specifically, the article considers the scenario in which the buyer and the supplier invest in strategic capabilities to increase their relative bargaining power. The article examines how dynamic investments in strategic assets are influenced by the locus of bargaining power and by the underlying context (synergistic vs. adversarial) of the interfirm relationship. The dynamic evolution of bargaining power is also examined. A dynamic game model is considered to examine the evolution of investment strategies in critical resources and to investigate the issues of bargaining power in a buyer–supplier dyad. Equilibrium expressions for the investment strategies of the buyer and the supplier are presented and their implications for buyer–supplier relationships are examined. The behavioral experiment complements the analytical model and examines the correspondence between optimal behavior suggested by the analytical model and the boundedly rational behavior of decision makers in an experimental context. The results from the model and behavioral experiments suggest that the strategies are a function of the risk‐adjusted returns obtained from investments. The experiment shows that, in a synergistic relational context when the buyer maintains bargaining power, the investment shifts of the buyer and the supplier accord well with theoretical predictions. In an adversarial relational context, the results of the experimental study do not correspond well with that predicted by the theoretical model. The implications of the results are discussed and directions for future research are presented.