领导前瞻力研究

1.引言领导前瞻力是领导者吸引追随者并赢得追随者支持的最重要的领导能力之一。2002年,美国著名领导学学者Kouzes和Posner对全球7500个高层领导者进行了问卷调查,结果有近70%被调查的高层领导选择“前瞻能力”作为他们最想追随的领导者的品质。领导前瞻力的本质是一种着眼未来、预测未来和把握未来的能力。领导前瞻力很重要,但不是领导力的全部。根据本课题组研究出的领导力五力模型,领导者最重要的领导能力还包括感召力、影响力、决断力和控制力等。为此,本文将把领导前瞻力放在领导力五力模型的框架内进行研究,首先对领导前瞻力研究的成…     

公共危机管理者的领导与协调艺术

管理者领导协调艺术在公共危机管理中作用重大。管理者应当加强学习、加强思想道德修养、加强心理素质训练、加强实践锻炼,提高对危机事件的辨别力,增强动员协调力,加强全局领导力,实现危机快速化解。     

复杂适应系统理论下数字化领导力的内涵、构成及涌现机制

为丰富数智时代的领导力研究,为企业数字化转型等组织管理研究打开新的路径,结合复杂适应系统理论,对数字化领导力的内涵、结构维度和涌现机制进行了探析。研究结果发现：数字化领导力包括数字化愿景、数字化技能以及数字化实施的影响过程,其主要影响因素包括国家政策、技术变革以及关键领导者的特质;同时,还通过运用复杂适应系统理论的“刺激-反应”模型,揭示和构建了数字化领导力的涌现机制,即包含接受刺激、演化学习、涌现、适应性反应4个环节。     

可行能力发展视角下大学生领导力结构模型研究

根据大学生领导力高阶模型,分别对303名和1405名大学生进行测试,采用SPSS17.0和Lisrel8.72进行探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析。研究结果显示:大学生领导力模型由内外两个维度11个因子构成,外部参与力包含亲和力、交往力、思维力、沟通力和竞合力,自我内生力包含情绪力、执行力、学习力、规划力、信息力和自我力。经过验证分析得出此高阶模型具有较高的构想效度。     

协作治理视角的协作领导力开发

公共行政领域的协同治理是一种大趋势,我们必须重新思考公共管理者的核心能力模型,以及如何开发这些核心能力。本文回顾了相关文献之后对两个地方政府领导力项目做了案例研究,探索地方政府领导者提升协同治理能力所需要培训的内容与方法。定性和定量的研究结果表明,应该特别注重协作领导力的开发。此外,培训评估战略中,立即的学习反应调查评估需要辅以长期的评估战略。最后,案例和相关的研究结果强调,反映新兴领导力需求培训的战略性方法至关重要。     

领导者的危机领导力及其强化策略

领导者的危机领导力主要由敏感力、防御力、管控力、学习力和技术力构成。未来可从能力需求评估、预警系统设计、实践机制创新、技术能力评价等方面着力开发和强化领导者的危机领导力。     

探索性与验证性案例研究访谈问题设计:理论与案例

在区分完全探索性、局部探索性和验证性案例研究类别的基础上,探讨了理论回顾、访谈对象选择以及访谈问题设计在上述3种类型案例研究中的作用和实现方式,并通过3个实际案例研究予以详尽说明。最后,比较了3种类型案例研究访谈的异同,并就情境预研、时间与问题数量控制、访谈者注意事项、访谈问题的发展、数据收集程序安排以及理论饱和度检验6个方面的共性问题进行探讨,提出了以典型事件/实践为载体开发访谈提纲的建议。     

研发团队共享领导力行为的产生和对创新绩效的作用：基于垂直领导力的影响

 共享领导力是提高多元性、知识型的组织绩效的有效方式，但已有对研发组织领导力理论的研究大都侧重于垂直领导力对创新的影响，对共享领导力关注不足，而共享领导力作为一种随着团队发展而动态形成的领导力类型，已被证明是提高多元性、知识型组织绩效的有效方式；目前将共享领导力作为整体概念的研究思路能从宏观视角把握其作用机制，但不足以从微观层面揭示共享领导力的动态性的产生和作用。        基于领导力行为理论，从7个行为维度对共享领导力和垂直领导力进行解构，考虑垂直领导力的影响，从微观层面研究共享领导力的产生及对创新绩效的作用。运用访谈和参与性观察对4个研发团队进行全生命周期数据收集，通过多案例研究方法和规范的质性分析技术探究共享领导力行为在团队不同发展阶段的形成过程，以及垂直领导力行为对该形成过程的影响。区分创新绩效中的过程绩效、产品绩效和学习绩效，进一步揭示共享领导力和垂直领导力在促进不同创新绩效过程中发挥的不同作用。        研究结果表明，共享领导力不同行为的产生既直接依赖于垂直领导力，又通过依存环境间接依赖于垂直领导力；共享领导力的不同行为并非一次性形成，而是分别产生于团队生命周期的不同阶段，即在团队构建期首先形成跨边界领导行为，在成员磨合期形成激励行为和关怀行为，在规范执行期形成授权行为和变革领导行为；共享领导力行为的这种动态性决定了其直接作用于团队创新的学习绩效和产品绩效，对过程绩效没有直接作用，而垂直领导力行为则对过程绩效具有直接促进作用，并通过共享领导力间接作用于学习绩效。        在理论层面，从共享领导力行为角度分析其产生和作用，从微观层面挖掘其动态特性，解释了共享领导力和垂直领导力在促进创新绩效过程中的替代和互补关系，从而完善共享领导力的动态概念理论，也为后续的动态研究提供新思路。在实践层面，为研发团队管理中依据团队不同阶段和不同类型的创新绩效需求发展不同的共享领导力行为提供理论支持。     

和谐领导力模式研究——兼论领导力五力模型的应用

中国科学院领导力课题组(以下简称本课题组)于2006年在<领导科学>杂志上发表了"领导力五力模型"的系列论文,提出了由感召力、前瞻力、影响力、决断力和控制力等要素能力组成的具有普遍意义的领导力模型.该模型超越了时代、国别或地区、组织类型、领导目标、领导情境和追随者类型等具体条件,可以说是对领导力一般规律的一种概括.在研究"领导力五力模型"的过程中,本课题组一直关注着我国领导情境的变化.     

中国大学生领导力实践行为研究——基于全国17所高校1898名大学生的调查

提高中国大学生领导力教育的针对性和有效性,应当着力于把握当前中国大学生的领导力水平。本研究采用领导力实践行为模型作为理论基础,用大学生领导力实践行为量表作为研究工具,对中国7个省市17所高校的1898名大学生进行抽样调查。研究结果呈现了中国大学生领导力实践行为的总体水平,以及中国大学生情绪智力在不同类别高校、学科、学历、年级、性别等方面的差异。基于调查研究的结果,时中国大学生领导力教育的主体、教育的对象、教育的内容和教育途径提出了若干建议。     

The influence of economic context on the relationship between chief executive officer facial appearance and company profits

Inferences of leadership ability and personality from faces have been associated with leaders' efficacy across multiple domains. One influential factor that has only been scarcely explored, however, is the context in which leadership occurs. The present studies examined the effect of two such contextual variables: economic conditions across time and economic conditions across nations. In Study 1, inferences of leadership ability from the faces of American Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) predicted their companies' financial performance prior to the Financial Crisis of 2008 but not after. In Study 2, traits previously found to predict the success of American CEOs before the Financial Crisis (i.e., Power) predicted the success of CEOs in Germany in the year following the crisis but not in the US, consistent with the differential impact of the international recession in the two nations. These results suggest that economic events may affect the relationship between facial appearance and business leaders' success.     

Crisis leadership: A review and future research agenda

The past few decades have witnessed numerous crises that have drawn increasing attention to the study of crisis leadership. However, research in this field remains fragmented and existing reviews often adopt a subjective approach to identify and synthesize the findings of relevant articles. These limitations make it difficult for scholars to appreciate the progress made in the literature, to derive comprehensive and objective insights, and to forge a path ahead. This study synthesizes theoretical insights and empirical findings in the crisis leadership literature using bibliometric techniques. We first review the intellectual structure of the crisis leadership literature by conducting co-citation and bibliographic coupling analyses. We then map the major conceptual themes in the crisis leadership literature via a co-word analysis. To supplement the findings of the bibliometric analyses, we review the key methodological approaches adopted by crisis leadership researchers. Based on the integrative insights, we propose a research agenda highlighting opportunities for theoretical and methodological advancements in crisis leadership research.     

Crisis Management: Informing a New Leadership Research Agenda

As the business community becomes more complex, crisis events are likely to increase in both prevalence and severity. Whether management scholarship has kept pace with this new reality is debatable. Moreover, much of the existing crisis research—perhaps understandably—stems from a negative frame: crises are threats or problems to be overcome. Such research has produced relevant insight into crisis handling, has helped categorize the plethora of crisis events, and has connected crisis events to relevant management strategies. We argue here that this framing fundamentally limits the types of questions asked and the methodological approaches used to answer those questions. Perhaps worse, given the important role that leadership plays in crisis handling, this negative frame can hinder the possibilities for the practice and study of leadership. In this article, we review an array of crisis research and explore two theoretical domains—issue framing and deviance—and their potential role for influencing leadership theory. We discuss the challenges of conducting crisis research, and offer suggestions for new methodological approaches and new research questions that are consistent with a more positive leadership approach.     

The social construction of strategic coherence: Practices of enabling leadership

The construction of “strategic coherence,” defined as the development of a system of mutually compatible meanings among organization members about desirable organizational directions, is clearly a crucial issue for organizations. Yet, how to achieve it is in part an open question. While previous studies have considered how strategic coherence may emerge across top levels of management through strategic planning activities and negotiations among senior leaders, we know much less about the contribution of other actors and processes behind the scenes (in non-strategy roles). Drawing on an ethnographic study of a public hospital's planning and project management practices, this paper therefore focuses on the bundles of practices, people and tools through which strategic coherence can emerge across different levels and sectors in mundane activities. We build on the concept of “enabling leadership”, grounded in practice theories of leadership, as our analytical lens. The study reveals how strategic coherence is socially constructed by practices of ‘fueling’, ‘shaping’ and ‘entwining’ mutually compatible meanings, in interactions among diverse people and tools. We propose a grounded model of the construction of strategic coherence as the progressive socialization of meanings about organizational direction that is not just administered from the top, nor naturally emergent from the grass-roots, but that is a collective and inherently socio-material accomplishment of enabling leadership.     

Tightening the leash after a threat: A multi-level event study on leadership behavior following the financial crisis

This paper presents the results of a multi-level event study of the effects of the 2008 financial crisis on leadership behavior. Following assumptions from the threat-rigidity hypothesis, we expect that across firms and countries, this crisis led to an increase in directive leadership. In line with this hypothesis, we also anticipate that this change is context-specific. The impact of the 2008 financial crisis on the change in directive leadership is analyzed for over 20,000 managers in 980 organizations across 36 countries. We find that the financial crisis went along with a significant increase in directive leadership, and that this effect was stronger in the manufacturing sector, and in countries with a high degree of power distance. Our results support the threat-rigidity hypothesis, and contribute to leadership research by showing that the context is not only a moderator but actually shapes leadership behavior. This opens up a new avenue of leadership research where context is an antecedent of leadership behavior more generally, and where the methodological set-up allows for causal inference.     

Solving the crisis: When agency is the preferred leadership for implementing change

Glass-cliff research shows that female leaders are preferentially selected in a crisis to signal change and not for their leadership qualifications. In parallel, the management literature urges for agentic “masculine” leadership to turn around organizations in crisis. We hypothesized that, regardless of their gender, agentic leaders should be preferred to communal leaders if leadership qualifications and actual change potential motivate leader selection. Three experimental studies demonstrated that agentic (vs. communal) candidates were perceived to match poorly-performing (vs. strongly-performing) companies. This effect was accounted for by perceptions of agentic candidates' higher suitability, higher task-orientation (versus person-orientation), and higher change potential. We discuss that women face ambiguity as to why they become leaders in crisis contexts: because they are perceived as signaling change, stereotypically linked to their gender, or for their perceived agentic qualities as leaders. In contrast, men become crisis leaders due to their perceived agentic change potential.     

Designing and facilitating collaboration in R&D: A case study

This case study aims to highlight the strategic decisions and managerial practices in the formation and operation of a co-located research unit within a national laboratory. The empirical evidence is based on interviews with members of the research unit as well as responses from a research environment survey. The findings of the case study suggest specific strategies that are conducive not only for the co-location of research units but also for research management in general. Principal among these are the need to balance increases in diversity and complexity with mechanisms of integration and the use of specific management practices and leadership qualities that support these activities.     

Mitarbeitergespräche als Beitrag zur Krisenbewältigung Ein Praxisbericht

Staff appraisal interviews as a support of coping with a crisis. A case study The implementation of personnel development by launching a pilot project with staff appraisal interviews was part of a change-management process in a non-profit-organisation. This should be a way of supporting employees during this process. Those employees who took part in this project evaluated this management instrument positively. After that this instrument has been introduced for the whole organisation.     

Hurricane Katrina, the Crisis of Leadership, and Chaos Management: Time for Trying the ‘Surprise Management Theory in Action’

Four years have gone by since the historic Hurricane Katrina hit and drowned the city of New Orleans and caused a massive crisis of, and a global case of grand failure in, governance, leadership, and public management. Advancing on an earlier work published in Public Administration Review (Farazmand 2007), in which a global case of grand failure was established with several lessons drawn for future crisis management, this article argues further for developing and applying a theory of ‘surprise management’ to manage future crises and chaotic situations. Crises are borne out of natural and human made disasters, catastrophes, revolutions, and rapidly changing emergencies. Surprise management is the best approach to managing or coping with crises and crisis driven emergencies.