网络跨度与信任的交互效应对创业绩效影响的纵向案例研究

通过对6家新创企业的纵向案例研究,引入信任这一权变因素,探究网络跨度对创业机会开发和新企业成长阶段的企业绩效的作用机制。研究显示,网络跨度是促进创业的必要而非充分条件;网络跨度与信任的交互能够促进创业机会开发和新企业成长;网络跨度与情感信任的交互有利于促进创业机会开发,而网络跨度与认知信任的交互则有利于促进新企业成长。     

创业团队信任的形态结构与变化规律研究

以6个典型案例为比较对象,研究发现:①与一般团队信任相比,创业团队信任的特点是对创业权益实现方式的计算信任和制度信任具有重要地位。②在创业活动中,创业团队信任构成要素之间的关系不断变化。③信任要素之间关系的变化具有结构性,使创业活动不同阶段的团队信任出现不同的构型,影响创业团队信任的整体形态与发展。④决定创业团队信任发展到成熟形态的关键因素,是形成对于创业权益配置规则的制度信任;支持这一发展的基本条件,是维持团队成员对于创业收益的计算信任。     

企业网络中的信任机制及信任差异性分析

在网络式组织日益凸现的今天,信任被认为是企业之间合作的基础性建构,相互信任既是网络成员间互利互惠的需要,更是网络健康成长必不可少的行为路径和治理机制。本文对已有的信任观点做了比较、评价之后,在认知、情感以及行为三个维度上重新构建了信任理解的框架,并探讨了信任与合作、人际信任与组织间信任之间的关系;在对信任进行了净功能分析的基础之上,系统地讨论了信任差异性问题。     

高绩效工作系统、人际信任和组织公民行为的关系——分配公平的调节作用

在实证研究方法基础上,引入认知信任和情感信任作为中介变量,分配公平感作为调节变量,着重探讨高绩效工作系统是否能够通过2种信任对组织公民行为产生积极影响,以及分配公平感能否调节到2种信任对组织公民行为的作用机制。研究结果表明,高绩效工作系统通过认知信任和情感信任对组织公民行为产生积极影响,同时2种信任与组织公民行为之间的相关关系受到分配公平感的调节作用。     

认知与情感信任、权力距离感和制度控制对领导授权行为的影响研究

本研究探讨了领导对于下属的认知信任和情感信任对不同维度授权行为的影响作用,以及权力距离感和组织制度控制的调节效应.结构方程模型分析的结果表明,领导对于下属的认知信任和情感信任均有助于增加领导的决策参与、信息分享和帮助指导的授权行为,并且,领导的下属认知信任对决策参与的影响作用最大.情感信任对帮助指导和信息分享的影响作用较大.层级回归分析的结果显示,领导的权力距离感和制度控制均对下属认知信任与三维度的授权行为之间的关系具有显著的调节作用.但是,只有制度控制对下属情感信任与三维度授权行为之间的关系调节作用显著.     

PPP项目中信任对商业模式创新行为影响的实验研究:社会资本创新能力的调节作用

本文通过文献分析构建了以社会资本感知的信任为自变量、商业模式创新行为为因变量、社会资本创新能力为调节变量的理论模型。采用问卷调查的方式开展情境模拟实验,并采集到119份有效的实验数据。运用方差分析处理实验数据,对提出的理论模型进行实证检验。研究结果显示:(1)信任的三个维度(制度信任、认知信任、情感信任)对商业模式创新行为的产生和执行均具有显著正向影响;(2)制度信任对商业模式创新行为产生、执行的影响不受社会资本创新能力的调节,而情感信任对商业模式创新行为产生、执行的影响均受到其调节;(3)认知信任对商业模式创新行为产生的影响受到社会资本创新能力的调节,而认知信任对商业模式创新行为执行的影响不受其调节。在此基础上,本文为政府及相关部门激励社会资本进行商业模式创新提出策略建议。     

信任与家族企业的成长

本文通过对家族企业成长过程的分析 ,论证家族企业成长瓶颈的实质是信任资源约束 ,进而概括了华人社会3种信任资源产生的机制 ,并分析其对华人家族企业成长的影响 ,提出华人社会独特的泛家族信任既对家族企业的成长提供了较大的空间 ,但又对其成长形成制约;泛家族信任的运作成本高于理性制度信任 ,它在企业融资的广度和效度上的能力低于市场经济中的理性制度信任的功能。促进家族企业有效成长的关键是解决当代中国的双重信任残缺的状况。     

权变视角下联盟网络与新创企业成长关系研究

基于权变视角,整合社会网络理论和战略制度观,探讨了联盟网络对新创企业成长的影响,并考察了制度环境和行业环境的调节效应。以189家中国新创企业的调研数据为基础开展了实证检验。结果表明,新创企业联盟网络关系强度及中心性位置对其成长绩效具有显著的正向影响;制度环境完善性在联盟网络关系强度与新创企业成长绩效关系中发挥着显著的负向调节作用;行业环境动态性正向调节联盟网络关系强度与新创企业成长绩效间关系,却负向调节联盟网络中心性位置与新创企业成长绩效间关系。     

专用性投资、信任与创业企业控制权治理

基于控制权收益交互作用视角,研究创业投资模式下的异质性创业企业控制权治理问题,分析控制权共享收益和私人收益综合影响下投资家投资专用性和合作双方信任度对创业企业剩余控制权和特定控制权治理的作用机理,以193家不同产业类型创业企业为样本,运用混合回归模型,实证检验投资专用性、信任及其交互作用对异质性创业企业两类控制权治理的影响。研究结果表明,由于异质性企业的控制权收益类型和大小存在差异,导致投资专用性和信任对不同产业类型创业企业控制权治理的影响存在差异;创业企业家控制权私人收益较大、创业投资家的战略收益较小时,创业投资家获得的剩余控制权与其投入资本的专用性、合作双方间的信任度呈非线性倒U形关系;创业企业家控制权私人收益较小、创业投资家的战略收益较大时,创业投资家获得的剩余控制权与其投入资本的专用性、合作双方间的信任度呈非线性U形关系;投资专用性与合作双方信任度的交互项与创业投资家拥有的剩余控制权和特定控制权负相关,在高新技术创业企业样本中交互效应尤为显著。     

创业网络混合治理机制选择的案例研究

在具有高度不确定性和资源不对等关系的创业网络中,选择适宜的网络治理机制能够促进创业网络的高效运行,提升新创企业借助创业网络获取资源的效率。但已有研究大多援引成熟企业网络组织的治理理论,未能对"在何种情境下新创企业适宜采用哪种治理机制"的问题给予合理解释。本文结合我国转型经济体制背景以及独特的创业情境,从交易对象隶属性、资产的关系专用性以及新进入缺陷的互动切入,探索其组合情境下创业网络治理机制的权变选择。利用多案例研究发现:针对与体制内组织的网络,投入较高关系专用性资产的新创企业会采用信任机制、辅以信息导向学习机制的混合治理机制,而在关系专用性投资较低的交易中采用基于契约的信任机制、辅以任务导向学习机制的混合治理机制。而针对体制外组织的网络,投入较高关系专用性资产的新创企业会采用基于信任的契约机制、辅以嵌入导向学习机制的治理机制,而在关系专用性投资较低的交易中采用基于契约的治理机制。     

个体信任认知对博弈合作行为的影响

将信任认知视为局中人关于对方选择合作的信念,探讨在一次性囚徒困境、有限次重复囚徒困境以及无限次重复囚徒困境中,信任认知对局中人策略选择与系统均衡的影响。为了体现信任认知的动态性,以及降低信任预测的主观性,将动态信任预测认知模型引入到重复博弈的分析框架中。研究表明：当个体的总体信任度超过某一临界值时,合作现象将会在系统中涌现并维持。此外,局中人的本轮满意度、历史直接信任度、直接信任度,间接信任度以及活跃度等因素均对其合作行为产生一定的影响。     

中小企业集群信任重建机制研究——基于第三方制度干预的视角

在集群集体信任缺失,无法由企业家私人行为或企业自发行为解决的情况下,需要引入第三方制度干预机制来重建破碎的信任。基于第三方制度干预的信任重建主要在集群系统信任的层级中进行。为实现预期效果,需要建设具有创业导向的第三方制度干预平台。制度干预的内容包含:对过度竞争的管制、冲突纠纷的仲裁以及战略性生产性服务的供给。本文对集群制度干预平台的三个要素(集体企业家、博弈规则以及网络参与者)的具体内涵及其互动关系进行了分析。三要素各自方向上的合力决定了制度干预集群信任重建的效果。本文还探讨了第三方制度干预的三阶段机制,以及与其它信任重建机制的互动关系。     

基于时间继起的消费者信任修复研究

企业的产品质量危机极大的损害消费者的信任,企业的发展离不开消费者的信任。关注消费者的信任修复,考虑到信任修复是个动态的过程,使用情景模拟法对消费者的初始信任修复和后续信任修复进行实证研究,利用SPSS对数据进行方差分析和多元回归分析。研究结果表明,消费者宽恕倾向对初始和后续的重购意愿有显著影响。在初始信任修复中,修复方式对初始重购意愿有显著影响,初始善意信任信念在修复方式和初始重购意愿的关系中起中介作用;在后续信任修复中,修复方式和有无欺骗对后续重购意愿有显著影响,并且两者交互作用显著,后续善意信任信念和后续正直信任信念在修复方式、欺骗和后续重购意愿的关系中起中介作用。     

Information Specificity and Hazard Risk Potential as Moderators of Trust Asymmetry

Trust in risk managers appears to be an important antecedent of public acceptance for many hazards. However, such trust may be fragile since research suggests that negative performance information has a greater impact than positive performance information (Slovic, 1993). Closer examination of these findings suggests two potential moderators of this valence-related asymmetry-information specificity and hazard risk potential. First, we predicted that the asymmetry would be less evident for low versus high specificity information (risk management policies vs. concrete events). Second, we predicted that it would also be less evident for a low- versus high-risk hazard (pharmaceutical vs. nuclear industry). Study 1 reanalyzed Slovic's original trust asymmetry data for the nuclear industry. In line with Prediction 1, trust asymmetry was less evident for policy than event-related information. Using a new set of items with more clearly defined levels of specificity, Study 2 replicated and extended these findings for the high-risk hazard (nuclear power). In line with Prediction 2, trust asymmetry was even less evident for the low-risk hazard (pharmaceuticals). Positive policies in this industry actually had a greater impact on trust than negative ones, in contrast to previous findings. Results support an information diagnosticity account of earlier findings and suggest that trust in risk managers may be more robust than previously believed.     

一种Multi-agent System的信任模型

Multi-agent技术已广泛用于大型分布式管理系统的开发.多agent间合作的信任问题会严重影响系统的效率.现有的信任模型基本上都是基于WEB的peer-to-peer环境给出的,它们不太适于multi-agent system(MAS)环境.针对MAS环境中信任的特点,提出了一种基于信誉和关系网的agent信任体系.分析实验表明该模型能促进agent关系网的凝聚性,能较大的提高agent合作伙伴选取的效率,并在重复交往环境下agent的合作成功率,以及在抑制恶意推荐、协同作弊、偏心这些干扰现象上较已有模型有较大改进.该模型在供应链管理和电子商务合作伙伴选择方面,具有一定的理论意义和实用价值.     

Marginal Trust in Risk Managers: Building and Losing Trust Following Decisions Under Uncertainty

Although a considerable amount of research has examined correlates of baseline public trust in risk managers, much less research has looked at marginal changes in public trust following specific events. Such research is important for identifying what kinds of events will lead to increases and decreases in public trust and thus for understanding how trust is built and lost. Using a taxonomy based upon signal detection theory (SDT), the current article presents two experimental studies examining marginal trust change following eight different types of events. Supporting predictions, cautious decisionmakers who accepted signs of danger (Hits and False Alarms) were more likely to be trusted than those who rejected them (All Clears and Misses). Moreover, transparency about an event was associated with higher levels of marginal trust than a lack of transparency in line with earlier findings. Contrary to predictions, however, trust was less affected by whether the decisions were correct (i.e., Hits and All Clears) or incorrect (i.e., False Alarms and Misses). This finding was primarily due to a "False Alarm Effect" whereby Open False Alarms led to positive increases in trust despite being incorrect assessments of risk. Results are explained in terms of a cue diagnosticity account of impression formation and suggest that a taxonomy of event types based on SDT may be useful in furthering our understanding of how public trust in risk managers is gained and lost.     

B2C电子商务中基于D-S证据融合理论的推荐信任评价模型

B2C电子商务中成熟消费者推荐是增强新消费者信任的重要渠道.基于证据融合理论,提出一种B2C电子商务中的推荐信任评价模型,从消费者、商品、服务商及其网站、技术和人文环境等方面多视角地分析B2C电子商务中的在线感知信任影响因素,由在线感知信任影响因素建立成熟消费者的个体信任评价指标;对于一个新消费者,根据他熟悉的多个成熟消费者的个体信任评价,基于D-S证据融合理论,提出由多个成熟消费者的信任评价融合而成的推荐信任评价模型,将提出的推荐信任评价模型应用于实际B2C在线购物推荐信任评价.实验结果表明,该模型可以有效地描述新消费者的推荐信任评价过程.     

Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation

This article investigates possible differential levels of trust in government regulation across five different risk contexts and the relationship between a number of concepts that might be thought of as comprising distinctive "dimensions" of trust. It appeared that how people perceive government and its policies toward risk regulation was surprisingly similar for each of the five risk cases. A principal-component analysis showed that the various trust items could best be described by two dimensions: a general trust dimension, which was concerned with a wide range of trust-relevant aspects, such as competence, care, fairness, and openness, and a scepticism component that reflects a sceptical view regarding how risk policies are brought about and enacted. Again, the results were surprisingly similar across the five risk cases, as the same solution was found in each of the different samples. It was also examined whether value similarity has an additional value in predicting trust in risk regulation, compared to the more conventional aspects of trust. Based on the two independent trust factors that were found in this study, a typology of trust is proposed that ranges from full trust to a deep type of distrust. It is argued that for a functioning society it could well be more suitable to have critical but involved citizens in many situations.     

Trust Relations in High-Reliability Organizations

Workplace trust has been recognized by researchers and practitioners alike to be an important component of an effective safety culture. However, despite this, the concept of trust as it relates to safety has been underresearched, particularly within high-reliability organizations. This article examines the importance of trust relations and their concomitant impact on safety culture within the specific context of high-reliability organizations using relevant literatures. The article then explores the implications of high and low trust situations for safety through case studies conducted within the nuclear and offshore industries as exemplars of organizations operating within high-reliability sectors.