企业消极反馈对战略变革的影响机制研究——基于动态能力和冗余资源的调节效应

在动态复杂变化环境下，探讨不同消极反馈情形下企业战略变革选择受到何种因素影响值得进一步研究.本研究将消极反馈分为期望落差和组织衰败，并引入动态能力和冗余资源两个调节变量，探讨消极反馈影响企业战略变革的过程机制和边界条件.基于沪深A股制造业上市公司的研究表明，期望落差和组织衰败两种消极反馈形式对战略变革影响机制不同：期望落差与战略变革之间存在倒U型关系，而组织衰败对战略变革有显著的积极影响.其次，动态能力及冗余资源对期望落差与战略变革的倒U型关系有显著调节作用，动态能力对组织衰败与战略变革的正向关系有显著增强作用，冗余资源对组织衰败与战略变革的正向关系有显著削弱作用.研究结论对进一步分析企业消极反馈对战略变革的影响机理及边界条件有一定借鉴.     

不确定性和动态能力互动下企业投资竞争决策

环境不确定性和动态能力的互动对企业国际化投资竞争策略和时机选择有着重要影响．在考虑企业先后动优势和相对能力综合影响以及内外生环境不确定性差异冲击的基础上,构建了不完全竞争市场的投资策略决策模型,并结合跨国公司在华投资实践,分析了初始能力、动态能力、先后动优势以及内外生环境不确定性对企业间投资竞争策略的均衡条件和投资时机决策的影响． 研究结果表明,先后动优势和相对能力共同决定了企业间投资竞争策略均衡; 内生不确定性和外生不确定性对竞争策略均衡产生反向冲击,对抢占时机和投资时间间隔决策却产生一致影响．     

董事会的程序理性、政治行为与企业双元创新

冗余资源对企业瞬时竞争优势有重要影响,但已有研究对两者关系有竞争性观点.此外,既有研究缺少对冗余资源影响瞬时竞争优势的内在机制及其适用条件的理论解释和证据.为了弥补这两个研究空白,本文整合企业行为理论和资源约束理论,提出并检验了冗余资源与瞬时竞争优势的正U型曲线关系,以及中介机制和情境因素.利用软件行业企业的调查数据,研究发现:1)冗余资源和瞬时竞争优势呈正U型关系;2)冗余资源和创业拼凑呈正U型关系;3)创业拼凑在冗余资源和瞬时竞争优势的非线性关系间起中介作用;4)环境不确定性、资源柔性对冗余资源和创业拼凑的关系起正向调节作用;5)创业拼凑的中介效应受到环境不确定性、资源柔性的正向调节.研究表明,在超竞争环境下,冗余资源是企业瞬时竞争优势的重要来源,但企业必须警惕“中等资源陷阱”;同时,冗余资源的绩效意义通过创业拼凑得以实现,且创业拼凑的中介作用在高环境不确定性和高资源柔性的条件下更显著.研究结论对拥有冗余资源,尤其是过剩产能的企业有重要的实践启发.     

冗余资源、创业拼凑与瞬时竞争优势北大核心CSCDCSSCI

冗余资源对企业瞬时竞争优势有重要影响,但已有研究对两者关系有竞争性观点.此外,既有研究缺少对冗余资源影响瞬时竞争优势的内在机制及其适用条件的理论解释和证据.为了弥补这两个研究空白,本文整合企业行为理论和资源约束理论,提出并检验了冗余资源与瞬时竞争优势的正U型曲线关系,以及中介机制和情境因素.利用软件行业企业的调查数据,研究发现:1)冗余资源和瞬时竞争优势呈正U型关系;2)冗余资源和创业拼凑呈正U型关系;3)创业拼凑在冗余资源和瞬时竞争优势的非线性关系间起中介作用;4)环境不确定性、资源柔性对冗余资源和创业拼凑的关系起正向调节作用;5)创业拼凑的中介效应受到环境不确定性、资源柔性的正向调节.研究表明,在超竞争环境下,冗余资源是企业瞬时竞争优势的重要来源,但企业必须警惕“中等资源陷阱”;同时,冗余资源的绩效意义通过创业拼凑得以实现,且创业拼凑的中介作用在高环境不确定性和高资源柔性的条件下更显著.研究结论对拥有冗余资源,尤其是过剩产能的企业有重要的实践启发.     

动态能力如何影响企业绩效——基于中国企业的实证研究

本研究以中国企业为样本对动态能力如何影响企业绩效的问题进行了分析和探讨。数据分析结果表明,战略过程对动态能力与企业绩效的正向作用关系具有明显的中介作用。但是,不同的动态能力维度对绩效的不同方面影响程度也不同,动态外部协调能力对企业绩效各个方面影响的显著程度在所有维度中最为突出,是企业在超竞争环境中树立竞争优势的关键。此外,动态能力构成维度间的路径关系表明,动态信息利用能力在企业动态适应外部环境变化过程中具有非常重要的节点作用,是企业培育动态能力路径的关键。     

战略变革前瞻性对企业创新绩效的影响研究北大核心CSSCI

基于动态能力理论和吸收能力理论视角,通过对民营高科技企业315名高层管理者的问卷调查,探索了战略变革前瞻性对企业创新绩效的影响。研究结果表明:战略变革前瞻性对企业创新绩效具有显著的正向影响;动态能力在战略变革前瞻性与企业创新绩效之间具有中介作用;跨界搜索在战略变革前瞻性和动态能力之间具有显著的正向调节作用,并且跨界搜索正向调节了动态能力在战略变革前瞻性与企业创新绩效之间的中介作用。     

C2C环境下服务质量对阶段信任的影响研究

以C2C环境为研究背景,用问卷调查法先后进行了2个研究,构建了服务质量对初始信任和持续信任的影响模型,并比较了它们的差异。研究结果表明:店面设计、专业性、欢迎度和价格理性仅对初始信任有显著正向影响;关系维护、商品质量、完成性和补偿性仅对持续信任有显著正向影响;对初始信任和持续信任来说,信息质量和响应性均存在显著正向影响;而信息获得及规模,对初始信任和持续信任均无显著影响。研究结论显示,在线信任的动态观点、服务质量的阶段性理论能够有效地解释C2C电子商务市场中服务质量与信任维度的构成及其关系,双因素理论是在线信任不同阶段影响因素差异的理论基础,这些结论对C2C电子商务市场的发展提供了理论指导。     

构建高层管理团队社会网络的人力资源实践、战略柔性与企业绩效——环境不确定性的调节作用

本文首次将战略柔性作为一种典型的动态能力运用到战略人力资源管理的研究领域中,探索了其在构建高层管理团队(TMT)社会网络的人力资源实践与企业绩效关系中所扮演的中介作用,并且基于我国经济转型这一现实背景,采用环境不确定性作为该中介环节的调节变量予以进一步阐释.我们对上述问题进行了实证检验,通过对北京、天津、上海、江苏和浙江等地区390家企业的780名高管进行问卷调查,最终获得241个有效样本,研究发现:(1)构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效具有正向影响,并且战略柔性在其中发挥了完全中介的作用;(2)环境不确定性在构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践与战略柔性的关系中具有调节作用,但在战略柔性与企业绩效的关系中不具有调节作用.本文的研究结论表明,考虑战略柔性和环境不确定性这两个重要因素可以更好地解释构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效的影响机制,这为战略人力资源管理在动态环境中的发展和应用提供了重要启示.     

学习、创新与动态能力——华南地区企业的实证研究

学习和创新是影响动态能力的重要因素,而动态能力又是企业在越来越复杂和动态的环境中建立和保持竞争优势的基础,但国内外学术界尚未对学习、创新以及动态能力之间的相互影响路径和作用机制进行实证研究。本文以我国华南地区271家企业为对象,对组织学习、知识创新以及动态能力之间的关系进行实证研究。结果表明,知识创新对动态能力具有直接正向影响;组织学习则需要通过以知识创新作为完全中介变量,才能增强动态能力。本文的研究结果为中国企业如何运用组织学习、知识创新来增强动态能力和获得竞争优势提供了有益的借鉴。     

供应商合作与企业竞争优势的关系研究

为了探讨供应商合作与竞争优势之间的关系,并检验IT能力对二者关系的调节效应,以揭示制造商通过与供应商合作来提升竞争优势的作用机制。从战略采购、信息共享及供应商参与3个维度对供应商合作进行刻画,并运用176家制造企业的调研数据,采用多元线性回归及调节效应检验方法对假设进行实证验证。研究结果表明,战略采购与信息共享均对竞争优势有显著的正向影响,且IT能力对战略采购、信息共享与竞争优势之间的关系均有正向调节效应。供应商参与对竞争优势无显著影响,且IT能力对供应商参与和竞争优势之间的关系没有显著的调节效应。     

Creative Search and Strategic Sense-making: Missing Dimensions in the Concept of Dynamic Capabilities

In this paper we discuss the role of managerial agency in creating and shaping dynamic capabilities. We argue that dynamic capability is a phenomenon that enables a deviation to take place from the knowledge that otherwise would have arisen cumulatively from experiential learning. In addition we argue that to create major changes in patterns of knowledge accumulation managers need to be purposefully and creatively engaged. Such agency is identifiable in two cognitive processes we call creative search and strategic sense-making. We show how these processes differ in respect to their temporal orientation and relationship to uncertainty and by adopting a process perspective we demonstrate how creative search, strategic sense-making and experiential learning are complementary. This notion of complementarity implies that these processes, notwithstanding their contrasting characteristics, coexist together and serve to offer an explanation for how knowledge progresses at a firm level. Variance is introduced into the framework proposed through the identification of factors that influence the coexistence of creative search and strategic sense-making. The argument developed is illustrated through the use of an emergent technology context.     

Microfinance,Mission Drift,and the Impact on the Base of the Pyramid: A Resource‐Based Approach

This article draws on resource‐based theory and the literature on strategic intent to develop a theoretical model that explains the concept of mission drift in microfinance institutions (MFIs). We argue that the differential strategic intents of commercially oriented, for‐profit, and socially oriented nonprofit organizations drive the acquisition of disparate resources and capabilities, which in turn drives distinct performance outcomes, including a focus on different markets within the overall base of the pyramid (BOP). The article suggests that it is the dynamic aspects of changing strategic intent and the consequent timing delays in the development of associated resources and capabilities that lead to various issues of mission drift. Finally, we suggest that cross‐sector alliances between for‐profit and nonprofit MFIs may benefit from the unique capabilities of both types of organizations and deliver the most and broadest impact on poverty alleviation in BOP markets.     

Explaining the Causes and Effects of Dynamic Capabilities Generation: A Multiple‐Indicator Multiple‐Cause Modelling Approach

The purpose of this paper is to develop a multiple‐indicator multiple‐cause model to explain dynamic capabilities generation. We use one of the main common effects of dynamic capabilities (operational, structural and strategic flexibility) to design a measurement tool for dynamic capabilities generation. Based on this measurement tool, we test the influence of several factors identified in the specialized literature as potential causes that trigger and promote dynamic capabilities generation. We use data from a survey of 200 CEOs of Spanish firms to test the model. The results show that only organizations whose managers have perceived a high degree of environmental dynamism have generated dynamic capabilities. The results also show that knowledge codification and technical innovation are significantly related to dynamic capabilities generation. We attempt to shed light on current theoretical debates about dynamic capabilities generation and provide a practical guide to explain the origin and results of dynamic capabilities that have been tested empirically.     

Conditions of Radical Transformation in State‐Owned Enterprises*

This study analyses the key contributors to radical organizational change in five New Zealand state‐owned enterprises during their ownership transition between 1985 and 1995. Abrupt government reform policies, organizations' market positions, realization of rapid technological innovation, proactive managerial actions and the new owners' strategic intent are established as key conditions of radical change in state‐owned enterprises. We integrate our findings with institutional theory and resource dependency theory to argue that organizational dynamics in times of uncertainty depend on de‐institutionalization of old and institutionalization of new patterns of resource dependency.     

基于价值创造视角的互联网企业核心资源及能力研究

尽管网络经济已经成为国民经济的重要组成部分,但至今尚未形成一套适用于网络经济特征的体系化的竞争战略理论。为了弥补这一不足,本文通过对网络经济理论和战略管理理论的整合,借鉴AMIT&ZOTT提出的虚拟交易的四维价值空间理论框架,并将其推广应用到WEB2.0企业,从价值创造的角度揭示了网络企业的"3+1"核心资源和能力的构成体系。理论研究表明3种核心资源--原创内容资源、匹配数据资源、关系网络资源和1种核心能力--汇聚资源能力,对企业核心价值和竞争优势的形成具有正向的影响作用。为了检验假设,本文以北京市海淀区的248家网络企业为样本,采用结构方程模型分析方法进行分析。实证结果表明:原创内容资源、匹配数据资源和关系网络资源对核心价值和竞争优势的产生具有显著作用;而汇聚资源能力对原创内容资源、匹配数据资源和关系网络资源的形成具有显著的正效应。实证数据部分支持了本文的原始假设。     

Building dynamic capabilities for digital transformation: An ongoing process of strategic renewal

In this qualitative study, we explore how incumbent firms in traditional industries build dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Digital transformation has been defined as the use of new digital technologies, such as mobile, artificial intelligence, cloud, blockchain, and the Internet of things (IoT) technologies, to enable major business improvements to augment customer experience, streamline operations, or create new business models. In making sense of digital transformation, we discovered that leaders in various industry circles use the term inconsistently to describe various strategizing and organizing activities; in addition, the term has gained limited scholarly attention as a context for study of strategic change. Drawing on senior executives' experiences with leading digitalization projects at incumbent firms, we propose a process model comprising of nine microfoundations to reveal the generic contingency factors that trigger, enable, and hinder the building of dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Our findings reveal that digital transformation is an ongoing process of using new digital technologies in everyday organizational life, which recognizes agility as the core mechanism for the strategic renewal of an organization's (1) business model, (2) collaborative approach, and eventually the (3) culture.     

Building global dynamic capabilities through innovation: A case study of Taiwan's cultural organizations

This case study analyzes global dynamic capabilities, firm specific advantages (FSAs), and the international expansion of cultural enterprises in Taiwan from the viewpoint of sustainable development. From our exploratory study, we identify six global dynamic capabilities as the driving forces behind the creation of new cultural products that revitalize a company through continuous innovation. Each global dynamic capability actually leverages the company's resources. The case study results show that technology-based FSAs help cultural organizations globalize their business and create value. There are two global expansion paths that cultural organizations can take to increase value which are discussed in our paper.     

Developing the eclectic paradigm as a model of global strategy: An application to the impact of the Sep. 11 terrorist attacks on MNE performance levels

We expand the eclectic paradigm into a model of global strategic management and apply the latter to the analysis of the impact of the Sep. 11th terrorist attacks on the MNEs' performance to investigate the effect of exogenous shocks on the global strategies of firms. First, we integrate MNE resources and capabilities, strategy, and structure with the eclectic paradigm. Then we focus specifically on location attractiveness to examine how MNEs adjust internal factors with the exogenous distortions caused by an extreme environmental shock. We suggest that this adjustment is carried out at four levels: resources and capabilities, strategy, structure, and choice of location which jointly determine MNEs' performance. Although we restrict the application of this model of global strategic management to the post-Sep. 11th, our model may be applied to other extreme events that change, at least partly, the worldwide, or regional, economic order.