医疗运作管理:新兴研究热点及其进展

近几十年来,随着人们对健康问题关注度的日益提升,医疗保健服务得到了快速发展,随之而来的诸多有别于其他服务的运作问题吸引了众多学者浓厚的研究兴趣,并逐渐形成了一个新兴研究热点——医疗运作管理.医疗运作管理旨在运用运作管理的思想、方法和技术对医疗保健服务各个运作环节进行精细研究,为医疗保健服务的有效实施提供系统的科学指导.文章介绍了全球医疗服务业的发展形势以及医疗运作管理的研究进展,说明了该领域研究的有效性、必要性和迫切性;全面回顾了运筹管理顶级期刊和医疗运作领域的重要期刊,按照研究对象进行分类组织,详细介绍了医疗运作管理研究的关注热点,并结合当今最新的研究成果分析了潜在发展趋势.     

供应链风险管理中的几个重要问题

供应链风险管理是供应链管理领域一个新的热点研究方向,吸引了来自于运作管理、财务管理和战略管理等领域的研究人员和企业管理人员的极大关注.文章对有关供应链风险管理定量分析的一些主要工作进行评述,并讨论这一领域的几个重要研究方向,希望引起国内学术界的重视.     

医疗供应链管理的变革与绩效

进入21世纪，世界医药行业的格局和运作发生了很大的变化，各国的医药供应链面临着变革的压力。未来的医药领域与目前的状况将会有很大的差别——这表现在更加关注于客户，关心IT系统的应用以及机构运作的效率。本文系统论述了当今医疗供应链管理变革发展的格局．以及相应的业务运作和信息整合模式，并在此基础上，提出了医疗供应链管理发展变革的趋势。     

医院财务的成本控制问题研究

新的医疗体制改革目标是建立"低水平、广覆盖"的全民医疗保健制度,这给医院发展带了契机,同时也规范了医疗行为和收费水平,对医院的内涵管理特别是成本控制提出了挑战。进行医院成本控制研究,涉及国家、医院、个人等多方面经济利益,在为广大群众提供优质、高效、低耗服务的同时,推动医院不断健康有序地向前发展,从而具有重大意义。     

2011年我国管理科学青年学者取得的巨大成就

根据管理科学与工程学科(管理科学部一处)2010年的《年度进展报告》中获资助者所提交的材料,总结了生产运作管理领域、服务运作管理领域、金融工程领域和技术管理领域等4个领域中我国学者以第1作者或通讯作者在学界公认的管理科学顶级期刊上发表的论文.这是我国管理科学与工程学科学者和国家自然科学基金委管理科学一处对十一五的阶段性总结,是个良好的开端.通过国家自然科学基金和国内学者共同的不懈努力,可望我国管理科学与工程领域的研究和实践会在十二五期间迈上新台阶.     

国外基于本体技术的组织人岗智能匹配研究述评

智能化人岗匹配技术是当前人力资源管理领域的一个研究热点,通过文献梳理与总结,从基于人力资源管理领域、组织能力管理和招聘与就业的人岗知识本体智能匹配三个方面,对现有研究进行了介绍,并提出了未来这一领域的研究方向。     

基于文献计量和可视化图谱的营商环境研究述评与展望北大核心CSSCI

营商环境不仅是经济建设和区域发展的重要基石,还是企业决策规划的重要依据。营商环境在引领经济发展,服务企业运营的同时,也为学术界带来新的课题。近年有关营商环境问题的研究已经引起学者的广泛关注。本文采用文献计量、可视化图谱方法,以2006—2020年在Web of Science(WOS)和中国知网(CNKI)发表的期刊文献作为样本,从作者及其合作关系、出版物及其学科分布等方面对营商环境的研究文献进行了多维度分析。在此基础上,重点聚焦于中英文文献在研究对象、研究视角和学科领域的对比分析,以及研究热点的动态演化分析和研究前沿的共被引分析,指出了未来的研究问题。研究发现:营商环境问题在中英文期刊中均具有很高的研究热度,但有不同的侧重点和视角。英文文献多在企业管理层面,侧重于影响企业战略和企业绩效的因素;中文文献多在政府治理层面,侧重于经济改革政策、区域协调发展战略、政府行政效率改善等角度,并呈现出以东南和东北地区为领头优势的地域分布特征及三个阶段的时间特征。研究结论为营商环境领域的研究学者了解发展态势、发掘研究热点和前沿问题提供启发。     

全球视角下跨境医疗服务研究述评与展望

本文从跨境医疗研究现状出发,对跨境医疗新趋势进行分析。研究发现关于跨境医疗的研究成果较多基于传统的医疗管理和公共卫生理论与模式。互联网时代跨境医疗的特征和医疗服务模式发生了变革,在这一背景下的相关研究较少。本文系统分析了跨境医疗整体概况及测度研究、驱动机制与服务模式研究成果,有针对性地提炼跨境医疗研究的理论框架,探讨跨境医疗带来的全球医疗资源均等化配置问题,提出新趋势下跨境医疗研究的关键科学问题与相关研究建议。研究成果对于推动国内外学者开展跨境医疗前沿领域研究,贡献全球健康事业有着重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

信息技术服务的运作管理研究

服务已经成为信息技术服务企业的重要竞争优势来源。本文对信息技术服务运作管理中的服务、服务链与服务外包、服务传递、服务质量与服务绩效评价等相关问题的研究与实践状况进行了综述,并提出了未来的研究方向。     

管理科学与工程热点研究领域的文献计量分析

以国外1994～2004年被SCI、SSCI收录的117种期刊、国内1994～2003年77种中文期刊、ISTP国际会议索引数据库2000～2004年会议收录中发表的管理科学与工程领域的论文作为基础数据源,利用文献计量分析方法分析了国内外管理科学与工程学科各领域发展的历史、现状以及未来的研究热点,并重点就国内外热点的形成原因以及热点内容的异同进行了深入研究.可以为我国管理科学与工程"十一·五"发展规划以及优先资助领域的遴选提供一定的参考依据.     

Power,authority and legitimacy

Management, human resources, organization, control, leadership, etc., all seem to be just so many euphemisms for power, and this suggests a discourse of management and organization that calls things by their proper name. This paper on the contrary stresses the need to resolve the concept of ‘power’ itself into more differentiated notions, and proposes that clarification may be derived from distinctions once explicit in the vocabulary of Classical antiquity, but lost in modern European languages. It argues that nothing but confusion in thinking about organizations, management and legitimation can result from the failure to recognize that the phenomena this vocabulary identifies and distinguishes are irreducibly different.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Defining Spirituality of Work

There is a current surge of writings on spirituality and related topics. For instance, Woodward (1997) has pointed out that since Thomas Moore's publication of Care of the Soul in 1994 there have been nearly 800books published with the word soul in the title. These run all the way from Chicken Soup for theWoman's Soul (Canfield et al., 1996) to A Guide to Liberating YourSoul (Barrett, 1995). Spirituality of work is a big part of this surge. Definitionsof spirituality of work seem to vary widely. Bowman (1998, p. 8) in his `reviewof the phenomenon of spirituality of work' found `Definitions of the term spirituality in the context of the Spirituality of Work troublesome and particularly subjective. Many writers do not even attempt definitions.' The purpose of this article is to review the concept of spirituality of work in its historical and current use and to propose a comprehensive definition.     

Job strain and psychotropic drug use among white-collar workers

The main objective of this study was to measure the association between simultaneous exposure to high psychological demand and low decision latitude at work and the use of psychotropic drugs among white-collar workers. A second objective was to determine whether social support at work modified this association. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 2786 workers from the public sector in the Greater Quebec City area. A self-administered questionnaire was used in order to evaluate psychological demand, decision latitude and social support at work. Psychotropic drug use was measured over a period of 2 days. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among the participants was found to be 3.9%, even though 20.5% were exposed to job strain. The association between job strain and psychotropic drug use, after adjustment for social support at work, age, gender, education, family income, employment status, occupation, stressful life events, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, was statistically significant (odds ratio: 4.5, 95% CI 1.7?12.2). Social support did not appear to modify this association. The results of this study suggest that job strain might be a determinant of psychotropic drug use among white collar workers. Social support at work does not appear, however, to modify this association.     

Role clarity, work overload and organizational support: multilevel evidence of the importance of support

The present study extended the demands-control-support model used in occupational stress research in two ways. First, it hypothesized that role clarity (i.e. role ambiguity), like control, would moderate the relationship between demands and psychological strain. Second, the study assessed support (from leaders) as a macro characteristic of the work-group environment. Data were drawn from a large study of US army soldiers, the study sample consisting of 1786 lower enlisted male soldiers. The inclusion of support as a work-group characteristic lead to a multilevel test of the model. A three-way multilevel interaction among work demands, role clarity and support was observed. As predicted, the relationship between demands and psychological strain was moderated by role clarity; however, this moderating relationship was found only when work-group support was high.     

WebStress: a web interface to explore a multidatabase bibliographic corpus on occupational stress

A bibliographic study on a multidisciplinary subject, such as occupational stress, requires a multidatabase query facility. Given this, we searched eight databases belonging to different fields (medicine, psychology, etc.) and from different countries. Thus, more than 26000 references on occupational stress were gathered. A bibliographic corpus of this sort is unusable because of the heterogeneous format of the records and the number of duplicate entries. Considering the limitations of commercial programs, we have developed a system, called WebStress, for reformatting the data and removing duplicates. The huge number of references and the research needs of updating and searching have necessitated the addition of several other functions to WebStress. Therefore WebStress comprises a web interface that makes it possible to search the corpus with advanced features (using clustering, a specialized thesaurus on stress and Boolean queries). In addition to the usual bibliographic queries on a specific database such as Medline, WebStress provides bibliometric analysis of the corpus, which might contribute to a detailed analysis on occupational stress in order to highlight the networks of researchers and to find the main topics studied in this area. WebStress is not yet available to researchers in general. It is being further developed, and also permission needs to be obtained from the eight commercial bibliographic databases that it consults.